A nationwide referendum is taking place in Switzerland on a proposal to give animals the constitutional right to be represented in court.
Voters in Switzerland have rejected a proposal to introduce a nationwide system of state-funded lawyers to represent animals in court.
Animal rights groups say appointing state-funded animal lawyers would ensure animal welfare laws are upheld, and help prevent cases of cruelty.
Animal rights groups had proposed the move, saying that without lawyers to argue the animals' case, many instances of cruelty were going unpunished.
Opponents say Switzerland does not need more legislation regarding animal protection.
But the measure was rejected by around 70% of voters in a referendum.
The Swiss government has recommended that voters reject the idea.
Opponents had argued that Switzerland did not need more legislation. The government had opposed the idea.
There is already one animal lawyer in Switzerland.
Voters were almost certainly swayed by worries about how much such a system might cost taxpayers, and by objections from Switzerland's farmers already struggling with reduced subsidies and falling milk prices.
Zurich has made legal representation for animals in cruelty cases compulsory since 1992.
Switzerland already has some of the strictest animal welfare legislation in the world.
The current incumbent is Antoine Goetschel. He has gone to court on behalf dogs, cats, cows, sheep, and even a fish.
Pigs, budgies, goldfish and other social animals cannot be kept alone; horses and cows must have regular exercise outside in summer and winter; and dog owners have to take training courses to learn how to care for their pets.
Animal 'minority'
He believes speaking up for those who cannot speak for themselves is the essence of justice.
"For me the animals are one of the weakest parts in society and they need to be better protected.
"So, it's kind of a fight for a minority that needs to be supported. And to make legislation more respectful towards humans and animals as a whole."
But Switzerland has very strict animal welfare laws, and the Swiss government, conscious that the taxpayer would have to pay the fees for a nationwide system of animal lawyers, has recommended voters reject the idea.
And there is opposition from Switzerland's powerful farming lobby.
Struggling with reduced subsidies and falling milk prices, Swiss farmers say animal lawyers would simply add another layer of bureaucracy to a system already overburdened with animal protection legislation.
