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The day World War One came to Hull | The day World War One came to Hull |
(about 2 hours later) | |
The city of Hull was bombed several times by Zeppelin airships during World War One. Saturday marks the centenary of the first raid. | |
Civilians in Britain had been largely unaffected by the war but in January 1915 the first Zeppelin raids on other parts of the UK had shattered the illusion of safety. | |
On its way to Hull six months later, on June 6, Zeppelin L-9's presence was first spotted just after 19:00 by intercepted wireless traffic when it was 100 miles away over the North Sea. | |
The brainchild of Count von Zeppelin, a retired German army officer, the airship was capable of travelling at about 50mph and carrying up to two tonnes of bombs. | The brainchild of Count von Zeppelin, a retired German army officer, the airship was capable of travelling at about 50mph and carrying up to two tonnes of bombs. |
Major General Ferrier, commander of the Humber Defences, ordered all lights in the city to be extinguished at 21:30. | Major General Ferrier, commander of the Humber Defences, ordered all lights in the city to be extinguished at 21:30. |
At about 23:45, L-9 was spotted above Hedon, to the east of Hull. General Ferrier's staff officer said it was distinct against a clear sky, at an altitude estimated to be 3,000ft (900m). The officer saw three bombs dropped. | At about 23:45, L-9 was spotted above Hedon, to the east of Hull. General Ferrier's staff officer said it was distinct against a clear sky, at an altitude estimated to be 3,000ft (900m). The officer saw three bombs dropped. |
One bomb landed on the city's ancient High Street, in the centre of the Old Town, making a hole 6ft (2m) deep and fracturing the water and gas mains. | One bomb landed on the city's ancient High Street, in the centre of the Old Town, making a hole 6ft (2m) deep and fracturing the water and gas mains. |
The gas main was ignited by the blast but a pipe layer with Hull Corporation stopped the breach with wet clay and extinguished the fire. | The gas main was ignited by the blast but a pipe layer with Hull Corporation stopped the breach with wet clay and extinguished the fire. |
The inferno caused lead in the church's stained glass windows to melt, but the building survived. A drapery store, only 27ft (8m) from the church and The Fleece Inn nearby were consumed by fire. | The inferno caused lead in the church's stained glass windows to melt, but the building survived. A drapery store, only 27ft (8m) from the church and The Fleece Inn nearby were consumed by fire. |
In all, the first of eight Zeppelin raids on the east coast port left 24 people dead and 40 wounded. | In all, the first of eight Zeppelin raids on the east coast port left 24 people dead and 40 wounded. |
Dr Nick Evans, of the University of Hull, said: "Hull, and other large cities, became a magnet as they were bright at night. | Dr Nick Evans, of the University of Hull, said: "Hull, and other large cities, became a magnet as they were bright at night. |
"If blackout was successful, Zeppelins could follow the natural light on a moonlit night along the Humber's edge." | "If blackout was successful, Zeppelins could follow the natural light on a moonlit night along the Humber's edge." |
He added: "Britons were not prepared for something from the sky, this enormous beast. | He added: "Britons were not prepared for something from the sky, this enormous beast. |
"That's what really frightened people." | "That's what really frightened people." |
The death and destruction resulted in anti-German feeling on the ground and provoked attacks against German-owned butchers in the city. | The death and destruction resulted in anti-German feeling on the ground and provoked attacks against German-owned butchers in the city. |
The last of about 40 bombs and incendiaries dropped on the city fell on Humber Dock at 00:15, hitting the cargo ship Crocus. The raid had lasted 30 minutes. | The last of about 40 bombs and incendiaries dropped on the city fell on Humber Dock at 00:15, hitting the cargo ship Crocus. The raid had lasted 30 minutes. |
At 00.30, Brigadier General Dixon reported several fires in the city, including the serious blaze that threatened Holy Trinity Church. | At 00.30, Brigadier General Dixon reported several fires in the city, including the serious blaze that threatened Holy Trinity Church. |
Arthur Credland, who has written a book on the Zeppelin raids on Hull, said: "The main targets were the railways and the docks but inevitably they intertwined with the city and residential housing. | Arthur Credland, who has written a book on the Zeppelin raids on Hull, said: "The main targets were the railways and the docks but inevitably they intertwined with the city and residential housing. |
"Around the docks and the railways it was densely built and occupied by large numbers of workers. | "Around the docks and the railways it was densely built and occupied by large numbers of workers. |
"It was inevitable that places adjacent would be damaged and destroyed." | "It was inevitable that places adjacent would be damaged and destroyed." |
BBC Radio Humberside will broadcast Yearning Hearts, a drama about Hull's first Zeppelin raid, from 10:00 BST on 6 June. | BBC Radio Humberside will broadcast Yearning Hearts, a drama about Hull's first Zeppelin raid, from 10:00 BST on 6 June. |