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| COP21 climate change summit reaches deal in Paris | COP21 climate change summit reaches deal in Paris |
| (about 1 hour later) | |
| A deal to attempt to limit the rise in global temperatures to less than 2C has been agreed at the climate change summit in Paris after two weeks of intense negotiations. | |
| The pact is the first to commit all countries to cut carbon emissions. | The pact is the first to commit all countries to cut carbon emissions. |
| The agreement is partly legally binding and partly voluntary. | The agreement is partly legally binding and partly voluntary. |
| Earlier, key blocs, including the G77 group of developing countries, and nations such as China and India said they supported the proposals. | Earlier, key blocs, including the G77 group of developing countries, and nations such as China and India said they supported the proposals. |
| President of the UN climate conference of parties (COP) and French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said: "I now invite the COP to adopt the decision entitled Paris Agreement outlined in the document. | President of the UN climate conference of parties (COP) and French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said: "I now invite the COP to adopt the decision entitled Paris Agreement outlined in the document. |
| "Looking out to the room I see that the reaction is positive, I see no objections. The Paris agreement is adopted." | "Looking out to the room I see that the reaction is positive, I see no objections. The Paris agreement is adopted." |
| COP21: In summary | COP21: In summary |
| As he struck the gavel to signal the adoption of the deal, delegates rose to their feet cheering and applauding. | As he struck the gavel to signal the adoption of the deal, delegates rose to their feet cheering and applauding. |
| US President Barack Obama has hailed the agreement as an "ambitious" and "historic", but also warned against complacency. | |
| "Together, we've shown what's possible when the world stands as one," he said. | |
| And although admitting that the deal was not "perfect", he said it was "the best chance to save the one planet we have". | |
| Nearly 200 countries took part in the negotiations to strike the first climate deal to commit all countries to cut emissions, which would come into being in 2020. | |
| The chairman of the group representing some of the world's poorest countries called the deal historic, adding: "We are living in unprecedented times, which call for unprecedented measures. | The chairman of the group representing some of the world's poorest countries called the deal historic, adding: "We are living in unprecedented times, which call for unprecedented measures. |
| "It is the best outcome we could have hoped for, not just for the Least Developed Countries, but for all citizens of the world." | "It is the best outcome we could have hoped for, not just for the Least Developed Countries, but for all citizens of the world." |
| Key points | Key points |
| The measures in the agreement included: | The measures in the agreement included: |
| • To peak greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible and achieve a balance between sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century | • To peak greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible and achieve a balance between sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century |
| • To keep global temperature increase "well below" 2C (3.6F) and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5C | • To keep global temperature increase "well below" 2C (3.6F) and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5C |
| • To review progress every five years | • To review progress every five years |
| • $100 billion a year in climate finance for developing countries by 2020, with a commitment to further finance in the future. | • $100 billion a year in climate finance for developing countries by 2020, with a commitment to further finance in the future. |
| Analysis: The BBC's Matt McGrath in Paris | Analysis: The BBC's Matt McGrath in Paris |
| The speeches and the cliches at the adoption of the Paris Agreement flowed like good champagne - success after all has many fathers! The main emotion is relief. The influence of the COP president, Laurent Fabius, cannot be overstated. His long diplomatic career gave him a credibility seldom matched in this arena. He used his power well. | The speeches and the cliches at the adoption of the Paris Agreement flowed like good champagne - success after all has many fathers! The main emotion is relief. The influence of the COP president, Laurent Fabius, cannot be overstated. His long diplomatic career gave him a credibility seldom matched in this arena. He used his power well. |
| The deal that has been agreed, under Mr Fabius, is without parallel in terms of climate change or of the environment. It sets out a clear long term temperature limit for the planet and a clear way of getting there. There is money for poor countries to adapt, there is a strong review mechanism to increase ambition over time. This is key if the deal is to achieve the aim of keeping warming well below 2C. | The deal that has been agreed, under Mr Fabius, is without parallel in terms of climate change or of the environment. It sets out a clear long term temperature limit for the planet and a clear way of getting there. There is money for poor countries to adapt, there is a strong review mechanism to increase ambition over time. This is key if the deal is to achieve the aim of keeping warming well below 2C. |
| More than anything though the deal signifies a new way for the world to achieve progress - without it costing the Earth. A long term perspective on the way we do sustainability is at the heart of this deal. If it delivers that, it truly will be world changing. | More than anything though the deal signifies a new way for the world to achieve progress - without it costing the Earth. A long term perspective on the way we do sustainability is at the heart of this deal. If it delivers that, it truly will be world changing. |
| Read more from Matt McGrath | Read more from Matt McGrath |
| Ahead of the deal being struck, delegates were in a buoyant mood as they gathered in the hall waiting for the plenary session to resume. | Ahead of the deal being struck, delegates were in a buoyant mood as they gathered in the hall waiting for the plenary session to resume. |
| Mr Fabius was applauded as he entered the hall ahead of the announcement. | Mr Fabius was applauded as he entered the hall ahead of the announcement. |
| Earlier, French President Francois Hollande called the proposals unprecedented, while UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called on negotiators to "finish the job". | Earlier, French President Francois Hollande called the proposals unprecedented, while UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called on negotiators to "finish the job". |
| However, the celebratory mood has not been shared among all observers. | However, the celebratory mood has not been shared among all observers. |
| 'Almost nothing binding' | 'Almost nothing binding' |
| Nick Dearden, director of campaign group Global Justice Now, said: "It's outrageous that the deal that's on the table is being spun as a success when it undermines the rights of the world's most vulnerable communities and has almost nothing binding to ensure a safe and liveable climate for future generations." | Nick Dearden, director of campaign group Global Justice Now, said: "It's outrageous that the deal that's on the table is being spun as a success when it undermines the rights of the world's most vulnerable communities and has almost nothing binding to ensure a safe and liveable climate for future generations." |
| Some aspects of the agreement will be legally binding, such as submitting an emissions reduction target and the regular review of that goal. | Some aspects of the agreement will be legally binding, such as submitting an emissions reduction target and the regular review of that goal. |
| However, the targets set by nations will not be binding under the deal struck in Paris. | However, the targets set by nations will not be binding under the deal struck in Paris. |
| Observers say the attempt to impose emissions targets on countries was one of the main reasons why the Copenhagen talks in 2009 failed. | Observers say the attempt to impose emissions targets on countries was one of the main reasons why the Copenhagen talks in 2009 failed. |
| At the time, nations including China, India and South Africa were unwilling to sign up to a condition that they felt could hamper economic growth and development. | At the time, nations including China, India and South Africa were unwilling to sign up to a condition that they felt could hamper economic growth and development. |
| The latest negotiations managed to avoid such an impasse by developing a system of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). | The latest negotiations managed to avoid such an impasse by developing a system of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). |
| In these, which form the basis of the Paris agreement goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2C (3.6F) above pre-industrial levels, nations outline their plans on cutting their post-2020 emissions. | In these, which form the basis of the Paris agreement goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2C (3.6F) above pre-industrial levels, nations outline their plans on cutting their post-2020 emissions. |
| An assessment published during the two-week talks suggested that the emission reductions currently outlined in the INDCs submitted by countries would only limit global temperature rise by 2.7C. | An assessment published during the two-week talks suggested that the emission reductions currently outlined in the INDCs submitted by countries would only limit global temperature rise by 2.7C. |
| Nick Mabey, chief executive of climate diplomacy organisation E3G, said the agreement was an ambitious one that would require serious political commitment to deliver. | Nick Mabey, chief executive of climate diplomacy organisation E3G, said the agreement was an ambitious one that would require serious political commitment to deliver. |
| "Paris means governments will go further and faster to tackle climate change than ever before," he said. | "Paris means governments will go further and faster to tackle climate change than ever before," he said. |
| "The transition to a low carbon economy is now unstoppable, ensuring the end of the fossil fuel age." | "The transition to a low carbon economy is now unstoppable, ensuring the end of the fossil fuel age." |
| UN climate conference 30 Nov - 11 Dec 2015 | UN climate conference 30 Nov - 11 Dec 2015 |
| COP 21 - the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties - will see more than 190 nations gather in Paris to discuss a possible new global agreement on climate change, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the threat of dangerous warming due to human activities. | COP 21 - the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties - will see more than 190 nations gather in Paris to discuss a possible new global agreement on climate change, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the threat of dangerous warming due to human activities. |
| Explained: What is climate change? | Explained: What is climate change? |
| In video: Why does the Paris conference matter? | In video: Why does the Paris conference matter? |
| Analysis: Latest from BBC environment correspondent Matt McGrath | Analysis: Latest from BBC environment correspondent Matt McGrath |
| In graphics: Climate change in six charts | In graphics: Climate change in six charts |
| More: BBC News special report (or follow the COP21 tag in the BBC News app) | More: BBC News special report (or follow the COP21 tag in the BBC News app) |