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| Version 3 | Version 4 |
|---|---|
| Google AI wins second Go game against top player | Google AI wins second Go game against top player |
| (about 5 hours later) | |
| Google's AlphaGo artificial intelligence program has defeated a top Go player for a second time. | Google's AlphaGo artificial intelligence program has defeated a top Go player for a second time. |
| The five-game contest is being seen as a major test of what scientists and engineers have achieved in the sphere of AI. | The five-game contest is being seen as a major test of what scientists and engineers have achieved in the sphere of AI. |
| After the match, Lee Se-dol said: "Yesterday I was surprised but today it's more than that, I am quite speechless. | After the match, Lee Se-dol said: "Yesterday I was surprised but today it's more than that, I am quite speechless. |
| "Today I feel like AlphaGo played a nearly perfect game," he said. | "Today I feel like AlphaGo played a nearly perfect game," he said. |
| "If you look at how the game was played I admit it was a clear loss on my part." | "If you look at how the game was played I admit it was a clear loss on my part." |
| Lee Se-dol is considered a champion Go player, having won numerous tournaments over a long, successful career. | |
| In October 2015, AlphaGo beat the European Go champion, an achievement that was not expected for years. | In October 2015, AlphaGo beat the European Go champion, an achievement that was not expected for years. |
| A computer beat the world's chess champion in 1997, but Go is recognised as a more complex board game. | A computer beat the world's chess champion in 1997, but Go is recognised as a more complex board game. |
| On Thursday, the Korea Times reported that locals had started calling AlphaGo "AI sabum" - or "master AI". | On Thursday, the Korea Times reported that locals had started calling AlphaGo "AI sabum" - or "master AI". |
| Three games remain, but Google only has to win once more to named the victor. | Three games remain, but Google only has to win once more to named the victor. |
| "Playing against a machine is very different from an actual human opponent," world champion Lee Se-dol told the BBC ahead of the first match. | "Playing against a machine is very different from an actual human opponent," world champion Lee Se-dol told the BBC ahead of the first match. |
| "Normally, you can sense your opponent's breathing, their energy. And lots of times you make decisions which are dependent on the physical reactions of the person you're playing against. | "Normally, you can sense your opponent's breathing, their energy. And lots of times you make decisions which are dependent on the physical reactions of the person you're playing against. |
| "With a machine, you can't do that." | "With a machine, you can't do that." |
| What is Go? | What is Go? |
| Go is thought to date back to ancient China, several thousand years ago. | Go is thought to date back to ancient China, several thousand years ago. |
| Using black-and-white stones on a grid, players gain the upper hand by surrounding their opponents pieces with their own. | Using black-and-white stones on a grid, players gain the upper hand by surrounding their opponents pieces with their own. |
| The rules are simpler than those of chess, but a player typically has a choice of 200 moves compared with about 20 in chess. | The rules are simpler than those of chess, but a player typically has a choice of 200 moves compared with about 20 in chess. |
| There are more possible positions in Go than atoms in the universe, according to DeepMind's team. | There are more possible positions in Go than atoms in the universe, according to DeepMind's team. |
| It can be very difficult to determine who is winning, and many of the top human players rely on instinct. | It can be very difficult to determine who is winning, and many of the top human players rely on instinct. |
| Learning from mistakes | Learning from mistakes |
| Google's AlphaGo was developed by British computer company DeepMind which was bought by Google in 2014. | Google's AlphaGo was developed by British computer company DeepMind which was bought by Google in 2014. |
| The computer program first studied common patterns that are repeated in past games, Demis Hassabis, DeepMind chief executive explained to the BBC. | The computer program first studied common patterns that are repeated in past games, Demis Hassabis, DeepMind chief executive explained to the BBC. |
| "After it's learned that, it's got to reasonable standards by looking at professional games. It then played itself, different versions of itself millions and millions of times and each time get incrementally slightly better - it learns from its mistakes" | "After it's learned that, it's got to reasonable standards by looking at professional games. It then played itself, different versions of itself millions and millions of times and each time get incrementally slightly better - it learns from its mistakes" |
| Learning and improving from its own matchplay experience means the super computer is now even stronger than when it beat the European champion late last year. | Learning and improving from its own matchplay experience means the super computer is now even stronger than when it beat the European champion late last year. |
| Man v machine - milestones in AI | Man v machine - milestones in AI |
| The evolution of AI: Read more on BBC iWonder | The evolution of AI: Read more on BBC iWonder |