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| DNA technique 'fit for purpose' | DNA technique 'fit for purpose' |
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| A controversial method for obtaining DNA profiles is "fit for purpose" in the criminal justice system, an independent review has concluded. | A controversial method for obtaining DNA profiles is "fit for purpose" in the criminal justice system, an independent review has concluded. |
| The government-commissioned study said low copy number DNA analysis, which forms a profile from just a few human cells, was "scientifically robust". | |
| But study leader Professor Brian Caddy made recommendations for improved sample collection and interpretation. | But study leader Professor Brian Caddy made recommendations for improved sample collection and interpretation. |
| The review followed increasing doubts over the reliability of the technique. | The review followed increasing doubts over the reliability of the technique. |
| Professor Caddy's study concluded it was fundamentally sound but not being used as effectively as possible. | Professor Caddy's study concluded it was fundamentally sound but not being used as effectively as possible. |
| Omagh trial | Omagh trial |
| Low copy number (LCN) DNA testing was briefly suspended last year after the judge in the Omagh bombing trial questioned its scientific credibility. | Low copy number (LCN) DNA testing was briefly suspended last year after the judge in the Omagh bombing trial questioned its scientific credibility. |
| Mr Justice Weir expressed doubts about the technique after it wrongly linked a sample taken from a car bomb in Northern Ireland to a 14-year-old boy in Nottingham. | Mr Justice Weir expressed doubts about the technique after it wrongly linked a sample taken from a car bomb in Northern Ireland to a 14-year-old boy in Nottingham. |
| The technique... is scientifically robust and appropriate for use in police investigations Professor Caddy The Police Service of Northern Ireland suspended its use after the acquittal of Omagh bomb suspect Sean Hoey. | The technique... is scientifically robust and appropriate for use in police investigations Professor Caddy The Police Service of Northern Ireland suspended its use after the acquittal of Omagh bomb suspect Sean Hoey. |
| Police in England and Wales also suspended the technique, but it was reinstated as admissible evidence after a review of relevant cases by the Crown Prosecution Service found no problems. | Police in England and Wales also suspended the technique, but it was reinstated as admissible evidence after a review of relevant cases by the Crown Prosecution Service found no problems. |
| But fears remained that dozens of high-profile convictions secured with the help of the technique, including for murder, rape and terrorist offences, could be unsafe. | But fears remained that dozens of high-profile convictions secured with the help of the technique, including for murder, rape and terrorist offences, could be unsafe. |
| Professor Caddy was commissioned by the government's Independent Forensic Science Regulator to head a review. | Professor Caddy was commissioned by the government's Independent Forensic Science Regulator to head a review. |
| National standard | National standard |
| The review made 21 recommendations for improved low template testing. | The review made 21 recommendations for improved low template testing. |
| These include establishing a national training standard for police forensic teams and scenes of crime officers on collecting samples, and ensuring there is no contamination. | These include establishing a national training standard for police forensic teams and scenes of crime officers on collecting samples, and ensuring there is no contamination. |
| Because of the minute quantities of material involved, the potential for contamination by outside sources is much greater in low template testing. | Because of the minute quantities of material involved, the potential for contamination by outside sources is much greater in low template testing. |
| The review called for a national standard for "DNA clean" crime scene recovery kits, and for a consensus between the three forensic science firms who operate the technique on how to interpret results. | The review called for a national standard for "DNA clean" crime scene recovery kits, and for a consensus between the three forensic science firms who operate the technique on how to interpret results. |
| LOW COPY NUMBER DNA TESTING LCN DNA evidence has been used by the Forensic Science Service since 1999It enables DNA profiles from minute amounts - often invisible to the naked eyeThe tiny particles used vastly increase the potential for contamination | LOW COPY NUMBER DNA TESTING LCN DNA evidence has been used by the Forensic Science Service since 1999It enables DNA profiles from minute amounts - often invisible to the naked eyeThe tiny particles used vastly increase the potential for contamination |
| It recommended an advisory panel guide the courts on how to interpret low template DNA evidence and said any profile obtained using those techniques should be presented to a jury in a criminal trial with caveats. | It recommended an advisory panel guide the courts on how to interpret low template DNA evidence and said any profile obtained using those techniques should be presented to a jury in a criminal trial with caveats. |
| Professor Caddy said: "I am satisfied low template DNA is fit for purpose within the criminal justice system. | Professor Caddy said: "I am satisfied low template DNA is fit for purpose within the criminal justice system. |
| "I found that the technique, as developed by all the forensic suppliers, is scientifically robust and appropriate for use in police investigations." | "I found that the technique, as developed by all the forensic suppliers, is scientifically robust and appropriate for use in police investigations." |
| Failure rates | Failure rates |
| He added: "The drive is towards the setting of standards of recovering DNA from crime scenes, and having set those standards, making sure they are properly implemented." | He added: "The drive is towards the setting of standards of recovering DNA from crime scenes, and having set those standards, making sure they are properly implemented." |
| Andrew Rennison, the Forensic Science Regulator, said: "I'm satisfied the science is safe and fit for purpose, but there is work to be done around collection and interpretation." | Andrew Rennison, the Forensic Science Regulator, said: "I'm satisfied the science is safe and fit for purpose, but there is work to be done around collection and interpretation." |
| He is in discussion with the Crown Prosecution Service, National Policing Improvement Agency and Home Office, and will make his own recommendations to ministers soon. | He is in discussion with the Crown Prosecution Service, National Policing Improvement Agency and Home Office, and will make his own recommendations to ministers soon. |
| Home Office Minister Meg Hillier said: "I am very pleased that they conclude that the science behind the technique is robust." | Home Office Minister Meg Hillier said: "I am very pleased that they conclude that the science behind the technique is robust." |
| The study noted failure rates for low template DNA analysis are high - one police force estimated success rate in achieving a full profile at about 6%. | The study noted failure rates for low template DNA analysis are high - one police force estimated success rate in achieving a full profile at about 6%. |
| LCN DNA evidence has been used in high-profile cases around the world, including the Peter Falconio murder trial in Australia, that of serial rapist Antoni Imiela in the UK, and the search for Madeleine McCann. | LCN DNA evidence has been used in high-profile cases around the world, including the Peter Falconio murder trial in Australia, that of serial rapist Antoni Imiela in the UK, and the search for Madeleine McCann. |