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Cheryl James died from 'self-inflicted shot', Deepcut inquest rules Cheryl James died from 'self-inflicted shot', Deepcut inquest rules
(about 1 hour later)
Pte Cheryl James died as a result of an intentional “self-inflicted shot” while on guard duty at Deepcut barracks, a coroner has ruled. Two decades after the death of teenage army recruit Cheryl James at Deepcut barracks, a coroner has ruled that she inflicted the fatal shot in an “intended and deliberate act” and that the 18-year-old meant to die.
The young female recruit, 18, died from a gunshot wound to the head at the Surrey base in November 1995 – one of four recruits who died there over seven years.
Delivering his conclusion after a three-month inquest into her death, the coroner, Brian Barker QC, said: “The conclusion is self-infliction.” He added: “This was an intentional discharge by Ms James.”
In his ruling Barker said there was no evidence that James was unlawfully killed. He did, however, find that the army base in Surrey had failed in its duty of care to its young recruits.
James, from Llangollen, north Wales, was found with a single bullet wound to the head while on lone armed guard duty at the barracks in Surrey on 27 November 1995.
Related: Deepcut inquest: armed and alone in an 'out of control' barracks
A second inquest into her death, which was launched after the high court quashed the first, concluded at Woking coroner’s court on Friday, after hearing evidence that life at the barracks was highly sexualised, often alcohol-fuelled and “toxic”.
But Barker said on Friday: “When I ask myself if there is sufficient evidence with which I can properly reach a conclusion of unlawful killing, the only answer I have is no.”
James’s parents fought a two-decade battle for a full and open hearing into her death. Their daughter was one of four young army recruits to die from gunshot wounds while on guard duty at the Surrey barracks amid claims of bullying and abuse between 1995 and 2002.
The original inquest, which lasted just one hour and was held three weeks after her death, recorded an open verdict. Her parents, Des and Doreen James, have maintained there was never a thorough inquiry.
After years of campaigning, supported by the human rights organisation Liberty, James’s family succeeded at the high court in having the original verdict dismissed and a fresh inquest ordered. The second inquest lasted three months and heard from 109 witnesses.
Related: Cheryl James: teacher recalled 'mixed-up kid' with 'deep-seated problems'Related: Cheryl James: teacher recalled 'mixed-up kid' with 'deep-seated problems'
During the hearing, evidence was presented of the culture at Deepcut being “heavily sexualised”, with recruits “out of control”, and of senior ranks bullying and sexually harassing teenage female recruits. James, from Llangollen in north Wales, was found dead with a single bullet wound to the head while on lone guard duty at the Surrey barracks at 8.30am on 27 November 1995.
There were questions raised about the provision at the barracks of adequate care to its many recruits and concerns voiced that James’s lone guard duty on the night of her death contravened army policy. In a 98-page narrative verdict, coroner Brian Barker QC, ruled that James had taken her own life. Delivering his conclusion after a three-month inquest into her death he said: “The conclusion is self-infliction.” He added: “This was an intentional discharge by Ms James.”
A previous inquiry into the four deaths, the Blake review in 2006, concluded it was most likely James had shot herself. Alison Foster QC, representing the family and Liberty, has argued third-party involvement could not be ruled out. The Royal Logistics Corp trainee, who was awaiting posting, was one of four young army recruits to die from gunshot wounds at Deepcut between 1995 and 2002 amid allegations of abuse and bullying.
Speaking at the conclusion of the inquest, Barker said Surrey police had apologised and recognised that they should have taken primacy of the initial investigation in 1995. He went on to detail a number of failings at Deepcut before delivering a final verdict. Barker told her parents Des and Doreen James: “We have explored as best we can what can be unearthed at this late stage within the legal constraints I am bound by. Clear answers as to why are just not there to be seen.”
“It seems to me that lone armed guard duty is a potentially dangerous activity,” he said. A policy was in place that meant women should not be left alone on guard duty, but Barker said “there was at Deepcut a wholesale lack of awareness of that provision”. Her parents had travelled a “long and harrowing road” in their 20-year battle for a full and open inquiry into her death, he said.
He added that it was “at least arguable” that the potential risk to women on lone guard duty “should have been identified and steps taken to reduce that risk before Ms James’s death”. Their legacy, he said, was that their fight had been the “spur” for the army to drive through reforms in the light of the “many failings and blindness that came together at Deepcut 20 years ago”.
He said Deepcut barracks had failed in its duty of care to its young recruits, explaining that there were far too few officers to train and look after the young recruits, who were left bored and indisciplined. Her father said the family was “deeply saddened” by the conclusions of the Deepcut inquest and that they do “not believe the evidence led to this verdict”.
“The ratio of staff to squaddies was inadequate,” he said. “While some intermittent training was provided, there were too few permanent staff to deliver it and put into place a structured regime to occupy and meet a duty of care to those young men and women.” Deepcut was a “toxic and horrible place for a young woman and we have no doubt this would have had a terrible impact on those that were required to live in it”, he said.
The inquest “suffered terribly from being 20 years too late” and there were “serious and inexplicable omissions”. From the start Surrey police and the MoD had embarked a “reputation management and damage limitation” exercise he said.
Recording a verdict of suicide, Barker said the barracks had created a “dangerous situation and provided the opportunity for her to take her life. That is lone armed-guard duty.”
He added: “Ms James should not have been on armed guard duty alone. Moreover, the failure sits within the wider context of the army at the time neither recognising, nor taking any steps to reduce, the potential risk of trainees using their service weapons against themselves.”
Related: Deepcut: 20-year journey to seek truth behind Cheryl James deathRelated: Deepcut: 20-year journey to seek truth behind Cheryl James death
The coroner found that there was evidence of inappropriate sexual relationships between commanding officers or instructors and trainees. The army has accepted during the inquest that some instructors “saw young females as a sexual challenge”. Barker said there was no evidence that James had been unlawfully killed.
Barker said: “The evidence of this inquest supports the presence of consensual but improper relations between instructors and trainees.” He said more serious allegations of abuse were “outside this inquest’s scope”, but “the general culture of Deepcut in 1995 was far below the standard expected”. There was no evidence James had been sexually abused, the “target for outright bullying” or that she had anything other than “consensual” sexual relationships while at Deepcut, said Barker.
Bored and without adequate supervision or training from their officers, the young recruits at the barracks turned to sex and drinking to occupy their time, he said. In a further apparent breach of army rules, Barker said non-commissioned officers (NCOs) meted out guard duty to trainees as punishment. One senior NCO had described Deepcut as the worst two and a half years of his time in the army, telling the inquest he felt little care was given to recruits. One “egregious” allegation by one individual that she had been ordered by a senior officer to have sex with another private shortly before her death, was “wholly without foundation”, he said. Even to her closest friends, she did not present at the time to be in crisis, Barker added.
Diane Gray, the mother of Pte Geoff Gray, said she would apply for the verdict on her own son’s death to be overturned. Gray was 17 when he was found dead from two gunshot wounds at the base in September 2001. Ptes Sean Benton and James Collinson also died at Deepcut between 1995 and 2002. The inquest at Woking, which heard from 109 witnesses, was held after the high court quashed an open verdict recorded at her first inquest, which lasted one hour and was held three weeks after her death, for reasons of “insufficiency of inquiry”.
It came after a long campaign by her family, supported by the human rights organisation Liberty, for a full, thorough and transparent inquiry into the death of the “bubbly” recruit, who celebrated her 18th birthday less than a month before her death.
An assumption of suicide meant vital forensic and ballistics tests were not conducted and crucial items such as the bullet fragments and her clothing were not retained. It was “highly regrettable” that a more thorough police investigation had not been carried out at the time, the coroner said.
Surrey police previously apologised for not taking primacy of the case, instead handing it over to the military’s special investigation branch. But, Barker said: “Missing parts of the jigsaw are just that – missing.”
The army, too, had acknowledged failings at Deepcut, he said. There was a “wholesale lack of awareness” at the Surrey barracks that it was against army regulations at the time for females to be on lone guard duty, Barker said. “It seems to me that lone armed guard duty is a potentially dangerous activity,” he said. But it was a “regular occurrence” at Deepcut at the time.
He added that the “potential risk of a weapon provided to trainees on lone guard duty being used to harm that trainee either by their actions or the actions of others should have been recognised before Miss James’s death”.
Even after the death of Sean Benton, who five months earlier had died from gun shot wound while on guard duty at Deepcut, the army still had not considered the risk of trainees on armed guard from self-harm or the risk of arming the young and immature.
Deepcut barracks had also failed in its duty of care to its young recruits, he said, and the “haphazard provision of welfare support was insufficient”. There were 400 trainees, 100 of them women in James’s B Squadron, and the ratio of supervising officers to trainees of 1:80 or even as high as 1:200 at times.
James was trying to choose between two boyfriends shortly before her death, one Sapper Simeon “Jim” Carr-Minns, 19, and the other Private Paul Wilkinson, 17. She had been labelled a “slag” by one fellow recruit, but did not seem overly upset over it.
The inquest heard Wilkinson had visited her at the gate she was guarding immediately prior her death when he gave her an ultimatum to choose between them.
The coroner said there was no evidence either of her boyfriends had caused or contributed to James’s death.
“Sexual relationships between trainees at Deepcut were commonplace and there was a sexualised atmosphere at Deepcut,” said Barker. But there was no basis in the evidence for any suggestion that the Army or Deepcut regime in any way sexualised her [James] ”. She had “sexual confidence” and was not naïve, he said.
Sexual fraternisation between superior officers did take place, despite regulations, which was “unacceptable” and an “abuse of power”, said the coroner.
Young people drinking alcohol was “not a phenomenon peculiar to the army” but there was evidence of “alcohol-induced poor behaviour” at Deepcut, with “block parties” in empty accommodation blocks a feature of trainee life. Drinking had “formed a significant part” of James’s weekend events before her death, though no alcohol was found in her body after death.
The coroner stressed the inquest was not and could not be a public inquiry into the regime at Deepcut in the 1990s, which was “far below the expected standard” and had only examined events relevant to her death.
Diane Gray, the mother of Pte Geoff Gray, said she would apply for the verdict on her son’s death to be overturned. Gray was 17 when he was found dead from two gunshot wounds at the base in September 2001. Ptes Benton and James Collinson also died at Deepcut between 1995 and 2002.
Related: Deepcut inquest: armed and alone in an 'out of control' barracks
Speaking outside the coroner’s court, Gray said: “This case opens the doors for the other families to find out what happened to their children by having a new inquest. In the next few weeks, we will be putting our application forward to the attorney general to ask him to overturn our original verdict and look into new evidence and hopefully give us a new inquest.”Speaking outside the coroner’s court, Gray said: “This case opens the doors for the other families to find out what happened to their children by having a new inquest. In the next few weeks, we will be putting our application forward to the attorney general to ask him to overturn our original verdict and look into new evidence and hopefully give us a new inquest.”
She said the inquest into James had been an “awful” experience, and she felt “so sorry” for the soldier’s parents. “We shouldn’t have had to go through this,” she said. “We should have known this from the very beginning, what happened to the children. We shouldn’t have to find out through ways like this.She said the inquest into James had been an “awful” experience, and she felt “so sorry” for the soldier’s parents. “We shouldn’t have had to go through this,” she said. “We should have known this from the very beginning, what happened to the children. We shouldn’t have to find out through ways like this.
“All we asked for was the truth of what happened in the very beginning and that’s what we should have been told from the police, not to find out things like this when you get to court.”“All we asked for was the truth of what happened in the very beginning and that’s what we should have been told from the police, not to find out things like this when you get to court.”
The army repeated its apology to James’s family and said it wanted to be a “beacon” for equality. Brig John Donnelly, head of personal services, said after the verdict: “We are truly sorry for the low levels of supervision that we provided for the trainees at Deepcut in 1995, and for the policies that were applied to using trainees for guard duties, and that we took too long to recognise and rectify the situation.”
He paid tribute to the dignity of her family and friends and the “courage, fortitude and generosity” of her father. The army had made “profound changes” since 1995 and would study the coroner’s conclusions “carefully”.
Surrey police force said it accepted “mistakes were made” in the original investigation into James’s death. But it insisted her death had now been the subject of a thorough investigation.
As DS Adam Hibbert delivered the prepared statement on the steps outside Woking coroner’s court he was met with a shout of “liar”.
Hibbert said: “Surrey police has long accepted that mistakes were made in this investigation. The force should have maintained primacy for it, and has previously apologised to the family for those errors. Today we would like to reiterate those apologies.
“The evidence has now been thoroughly examined throughout the new inquest today, and our thoughts are with Ms James’ family and her friends. We hope they can take time to reflect upon the coroner’s verdict.
“We are also acutely aware that today’s findings will be relevant to the families of the other three young soldiers who died in Deepcut barracks between 1995 and 2002. I would like to take this opportunity reassure them that we will fully support any need for disclosure for any future potential coronial processes.”