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Brexit, the fallout and the UK's future: what we know so far Brexit, the fallout and the UK's future: what we know so far
(35 minutes later)
Britain has voted to leave the European UnionBritain has voted to leave the European Union
Brexit campaigners pulled off a shock win in the UK’s referendum, despite polls suggesting a move towards remain in the final few days. Leave won with 51.9%, to remain’s 48.1%.Brexit campaigners pulled off a shock win in the UK’s referendum, despite polls suggesting a move towards remain in the final few days. Leave won with 51.9%, to remain’s 48.1%.
Confirmed turnout was 72.2% of an electorate of 46,500,001.Confirmed turnout was 72.2% of an electorate of 46,500,001.
On the night of the count, things appeared to turn against the remain camp when Newcastle only narrowly backed their campaign, when they had expected a comfortable winthere. London, Bristol, Leeds and Manchester were among the cities to back remain, and two-thirds of voters in Scotland also voted in. On the night of the count, things appeared to turn against the remain camp when Newcastle only narrowly backed their campaign, when they had expected a comfortable win there. London, Bristol, Leeds and Manchester were among the cities to back remain, and two-thirds of voters in Scotland also voted in.
Related: Tears and cheers: Brexit reactions around the UKRelated: Tears and cheers: Brexit reactions around the UK
But across England and Wales, leave voters dominated, with Birmingham, which remain had expected to win, and the majority of smaller towns particularly in the north and on the east coast, voting for Brexit.But across England and Wales, leave voters dominated, with Birmingham, which remain had expected to win, and the majority of smaller towns particularly in the north and on the east coast, voting for Brexit.
David Cameron has resigned as prime ministerDavid Cameron has resigned as prime minister
The prime minister, swept back into Downing Street on a surprise majority just over a year ago, ended his six years in office, saying the country needed “fresh leadership” after it voted for an exit from the European Union he had strongly opposed.The prime minister, swept back into Downing Street on a surprise majority just over a year ago, ended his six years in office, saying the country needed “fresh leadership” after it voted for an exit from the European Union he had strongly opposed.
I was absolutely clear about my belief that Britain is stronger, safer and better off inside the EU. I made clear the referendum was about this, and this alone, not the future of any single politician, including myself.I was absolutely clear about my belief that Britain is stronger, safer and better off inside the EU. I made clear the referendum was about this, and this alone, not the future of any single politician, including myself.
Tory MPs will select a two-person shortlist, which will then be presented to the party’s members to vote on the final outcome. Cameron said he hoped a new prime minister would be in place by the party’s conference in October. In the meantime, he would remain in office to “steady the ship”.Tory MPs will select a two-person shortlist, which will then be presented to the party’s members to vote on the final outcome. Cameron said he hoped a new prime minister would be in place by the party’s conference in October. In the meantime, he would remain in office to “steady the ship”.
Cameron said the next prime minister should be the one to trigger article 50, a clause in the Lisbon treaty, which would begin a two-year process for exit from the European Union.Cameron said the next prime minister should be the one to trigger article 50, a clause in the Lisbon treaty, which would begin a two-year process for exit from the European Union.
Sterling tumbled as the markets reacted and UK credit rating is at riskSterling tumbled as the markets reacted and UK credit rating is at risk
The FTSE 100 was down 4%, with the pound hitting a 31-year low at lunchtime on Friday. Standard & Poor’s also confirmed it was reviewing the UK’s top-tier AAA credit rating, warning that it could easily cut the rating by at least one notch, due to the economic problems Brexit would cause.The FTSE 100 was down 4%, with the pound hitting a 31-year low at lunchtime on Friday. Standard & Poor’s also confirmed it was reviewing the UK’s top-tier AAA credit rating, warning that it could easily cut the rating by at least one notch, due to the economic problems Brexit would cause.
A vote to leave would, in our view, deter investment in the economy, decrease official demand for sterling reserves, and put the UK’s financial services sector at a competitive disadvantage compared with other global financial centres.A vote to leave would, in our view, deter investment in the economy, decrease official demand for sterling reserves, and put the UK’s financial services sector at a competitive disadvantage compared with other global financial centres.
Mark Carney, governor of the Bank of England, has said £250bn of additional funds has been made available through its normal market operations to stabilise markets, as needed.Mark Carney, governor of the Bank of England, has said £250bn of additional funds has been made available through its normal market operations to stabilise markets, as needed.
Christine Lagarde, managing director of the IMF, also backed the decision by the central banks of Britain and the eurozone to promise massive liquidity injections.Christine Lagarde, managing director of the IMF, also backed the decision by the central banks of Britain and the eurozone to promise massive liquidity injections.
Boris Johnson says Brexit will not be triggered straight awayBoris Johnson says Brexit will not be triggered straight away
Boris Johnson said Britain should not immediately trigger article 50 to start exit negotiations, saying there was “no need for haste” and “nothing will change in the short term” in his first press conference after the vote.Boris Johnson said Britain should not immediately trigger article 50 to start exit negotiations, saying there was “no need for haste” and “nothing will change in the short term” in his first press conference after the vote.
And to those who may be anxious both at home and abroad, this does not mean that the United Kingdom will be in anyway less united, it does not mean it will be any less European.And to those who may be anxious both at home and abroad, this does not mean that the United Kingdom will be in anyway less united, it does not mean it will be any less European.
Related: Brexit vote sparks scramble for European passportsRelated: Brexit vote sparks scramble for European passports
The former mayor of London, a leading Brexit campaigner, had police protection as he left his home in Islington, where a large crowd shouted “scum” at him and banged on the windows of his car.The former mayor of London, a leading Brexit campaigner, had police protection as he left his home in Islington, where a large crowd shouted “scum” at him and banged on the windows of his car.
EU leaders call for a speedy negotiation to end UK membershipEU leaders call for a speedy negotiation to end UK membership
EU leaders have reiterated there will be “no negotiation” over the UK’s membership of the bloc and the UK should act “as soon as possible, however painful that process may be”.EU leaders have reiterated there will be “no negotiation” over the UK’s membership of the bloc and the UK should act “as soon as possible, however painful that process may be”.
The presidents of the European council, commission and parliament – Donald Tusk, Jean-Claude Juncker and Martin Schulz respectively – and Mark Rutte, the prime minister of the Netherlands which holds the EU’s rotating presidency, said any delay to Britain’s exit would “unnecessarily prolong uncertainty”. They added:The presidents of the European council, commission and parliament – Donald Tusk, Jean-Claude Juncker and Martin Schulz respectively – and Mark Rutte, the prime minister of the Netherlands which holds the EU’s rotating presidency, said any delay to Britain’s exit would “unnecessarily prolong uncertainty”. They added:
This is an unprecedented situation, but we are united in our response.This is an unprecedented situation, but we are united in our response.
The special settlement negotiated by David Cameron earlier this year was now void, they said.The special settlement negotiated by David Cameron earlier this year was now void, they said.
The German chancellor, Angela Merkel, expressed “great regret” at Britain’s decision as did the French president, François Hollande. He said the vote would put Europe to the test. “To move forward, Europe cannot act as before,” he saidThe German chancellor, Angela Merkel, expressed “great regret” at Britain’s decision as did the French president, François Hollande. He said the vote would put Europe to the test. “To move forward, Europe cannot act as before,” he said
The Belgian prime minister, Charles Michel, called for a special “conclave” of EU leaders as early as next month.The Belgian prime minister, Charles Michel, called for a special “conclave” of EU leaders as early as next month.
Sturgeon says Scotland should prepare for second independence referendumSturgeon says Scotland should prepare for second independence referendum
Nicola Sturgeon said she believed a second referendum on Scottish independence was “highly likely” because of the overwhelming majority of Scots who voted to remain in the EU.Nicola Sturgeon said she believed a second referendum on Scottish independence was “highly likely” because of the overwhelming majority of Scots who voted to remain in the EU.
It is a significant material change in circumstances. It’s a statement of the obvious that the option of a second independence referendum must be on the table and it is on the table.It is a significant material change in circumstances. It’s a statement of the obvious that the option of a second independence referendum must be on the table and it is on the table.
She added that it was “democratically unacceptable” that Scotland would be taken out of the EU against its will after Scotland voted to remain in the European Union by 62% to 38%.She added that it was “democratically unacceptable” that Scotland would be taken out of the EU against its will after Scotland voted to remain in the European Union by 62% to 38%.
Labour MPs called for vote of no confidence in Jeremy CorbynLabour MPs called for vote of no confidence in Jeremy Corbyn
Two senior Labour politicians, Margaret Hodge and Ann Coffey, submitted a motion of no confidence intheir leader, to be voted on during a meeting of MPs next week.Two senior Labour politicians, Margaret Hodge and Ann Coffey, submitted a motion of no confidence intheir leader, to be voted on during a meeting of MPs next week.
MPs across the party said they were ready to back the move that would first trigger a show of hands at a PLP meeting next Monday, or a week later, then a secret ballot.MPs across the party said they were ready to back the move that would first trigger a show of hands at a PLP meeting next Monday, or a week later, then a secret ballot.
Angela Smith, the MP for Penistone and Stocksbridge, broke ranks to tell Sky News that Corbyn had shown “insufficient leadership” and should stand down.Angela Smith, the MP for Penistone and Stocksbridge, broke ranks to tell Sky News that Corbyn had shown “insufficient leadership” and should stand down.