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EU migrants 'settling across UK' EU migrants 'settling across UK'
(20 minutes later)
Eastern European nationals have spread more widely around the UK than has happened during previous migration waves, research suggests. Eastern European nationals have spread more widely throughout the UK than has happened during previous waves of migration, research suggests.
The Institute for Public Policy Research examined their impact on the UK after EU expansion in 2004 and 2007.The Institute for Public Policy Research examined their impact on the UK after EU expansion in 2004 and 2007.
It said that even areas that have not traditionally attracted migrants, such as Scotland and the South West, had noticed a "significant" influx. It said even areas that had not traditionally attracted migrants, such as Scotland and south-west England, had noticed a "significant" influx.
This showed that migrants were willing to move in search of work, it added. This showed migrants were willing to move in search of work, it added.
The research looked at migrants who came from the eight countries that joined the European Union in May 2004 - Poland, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The research looked at migrants who came from eight countries that joined the European Union in May 2004 - Poland, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia.
It also included migrants from Romania and Bulgaria who joined in 2007. It also included migrants from Romania and Bulgaria, which joined the EU in 2007.
The IPPR research, released to the BBC, estimated that about one million migrant workers had come to the UK from 2004 accession countries, but that around half of this group have already left the UK. The IPPR research, released to the BBC, estimated that about one million migrant workers had come to the UK from 2004 accession countries, but that around half of this group had already left the UK.
The IPPR said that post-enlargement migration was "very different" from previous migration to Britain. The IPPR also said that post-enlargement migration was "very different" from previous migration to Britain.
"In contrast to previous migrants, it is financially and logistically possible for migrants from the new EU member states to come to the UK on a temporary or seasonal basis, and to regularly visit home while living in Britain." Poland was one of eight countries to join the EU in 2004 "In contrast to previous migrants, it is financially and logistically possible for migrants from the new EU member states to come to the UK on a temporary or seasonal basis, and to regularly visit home while living in Britain," it said.Poland was one of eight countries to join the EU in 2004
The IPPR looked at the Labour Force Survey, national insurance number applications, the Workers Registration Scheme (applicants are required to register on the scheme as soon as they start working in the UK), the International Passenger Survey and a survey of Poles who had returned to Poland after working in the UK, as well as applying its own projections. The IPPR looked at the Labour Force Survey, national insurance number applications, the Workers Registration Scheme - applicants are required to register on the scheme as soon as they start working in the UK - and the International Passenger Survey.
While the highest number of national insurance applications by migrants were in London and the South East since 2004, "all regions have received significant numbers of post-enlargement migrants," the IPPR said. It also surveyed Poles who had returned to Poland after working in the UK, as well as applying its own projections.
Poles 'everywhere' While the highest number of national insurance applications by migrants since 2004 was in London and south-east England, all regions had received significant numbers of post-enlargement migrants, the IPPR said. Poles 'everywhere'
"In 2007 Polish [national insurance number] recipients were registered in every local authority in Britain.""In 2007 Polish [national insurance number] recipients were registered in every local authority in Britain."
In Highlands, Perth and Kinross, Edinburgh and Glasgow between 5,000 and 20,000 workers had registered in each area since 2004 - although not every worker has to register, so it is not an accurate figure of current worker numbers. In the Highlands, Perth and Kinross, Edinburgh and Glasgow between 5,000 and 20,000 workers had registered in each area since 2004 - although not every worker has to register, so it is not an accurate figure of current worker numbers.
The IPPR estimated there were between 10 and 29 Eastern European workers per 1,000 local residents in those Scottish areas.The IPPR estimated there were between 10 and 29 Eastern European workers per 1,000 local residents in those Scottish areas.
Parts of Norfolk and Lincolnshire have attracted many migrant workers, with Boston having an estimated 90 workers per 1,000 local population, according to IPPR estimates, second only to the City of London at 307 EU workers per 1,000.Parts of Norfolk and Lincolnshire have attracted many migrant workers, with Boston having an estimated 90 workers per 1,000 local population, according to IPPR estimates, second only to the City of London at 307 EU workers per 1,000.
But when it came to reasons for coming or going, the report said "the vast majority of Polish migrants come to the UK for economic reasons, but leave because they miss home or want to be with their friends and family in Poland." But when it came to reasons for coming or going, the report said "the vast majority of Polish migrants come to the UK for economic reasons, but leave because they miss home or want to be with their friends and family in Poland".
Other findings included:
  • Three-quarters of all nationals from the 10 countries resident in the UK in 2007 were aged 16-39 years old
  • At 84%, the employment rate among post-enlargement migrants is among the highest of all immigrant groups, and is nine percentage points higher than the UK-born average
  • Very few post-enlargement migrants claim state benefits (only 2.4% of those registering for National Insurance numbers between May 2004 and December 2007 claimed benefits)
  • East European migrants work on average four hours longer per week than UK-born workers (46 hours compared with 42 hours)
 Other findings included:
  • Three-quarters of all nationals from the 10 countries resident in the UK in 2007 were aged 16 to 39
  • At 84%, the employment rate among post-enlargement migrants is among the highest of all immigrant groups, and is nine percentage points higher than the UK-born average
  • Very few post-enlargement migrants claim state benefits (only 2.4% of those registering for National Insurance numbers between May 2004 and December 2007 claimed benefits)
  • East European migrants work on average four hours longer per week than UK-born workers (46 hours compared with 42 hours)
In graphics: IPPR report Accession has also had an impact at the pub - before 2004, Polish beers were not widely available in the UK. Today some 44 million pints of Lech and Tyskie, Poland's two leading brands, are sold annually in the UK.In graphics: IPPR report Accession has also had an impact at the pub - before 2004, Polish beers were not widely available in the UK. Today some 44 million pints of Lech and Tyskie, Poland's two leading brands, are sold annually in the UK.
According to the research, there were 665,000 nationals from all 10 countries living in the UK in the last quarter of 2007.According to the research, there were 665,000 nationals from all 10 countries living in the UK in the last quarter of 2007.
This was an increase of 548,000 since the first quarter of 2004, just prior to the first eight countries joining the EU.This was an increase of 548,000 since the first quarter of 2004, just prior to the first eight countries joining the EU.
The government had underestimated the number of migrants post-expansion, saying that between 5,000 and 13,000 would arrive after 2004.The government had underestimated the number of migrants post-expansion, saying that between 5,000 and 13,000 would arrive after 2004.
By 2006, Home Office minister Tony McNulty admitted that the government was "in the dark" over arrivals - in fact 293,000 immigrants had applied for work permits in the first 18 months.By 2006, Home Office minister Tony McNulty admitted that the government was "in the dark" over arrivals - in fact 293,000 immigrants had applied for work permits in the first 18 months.