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Putin offers Turkey's Erdogan closer ties Putin mends broken relations with Turkey's Erdogan
(about 4 hours later)
Russia is ready to restore economic co-operation and other ties with Turkey, President Vladimir Putin has told his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan in St Petersburg. The leaders of Russia and Turkey have patched up a damaging quarrel, pledging to restore close economic relations.
It is Mr Erdogan's first foreign visit since an attempted coup last month. Russian President Vladimir Putin said Russian trade sanctions on Turkey would be phased out "step by step".
Mr Erdogan thanked Mr Putin, saying "your call straight after the coup attempt was very welcome". "The priority is to get back to the pre-crisis level of co-operation," he told Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in St Petersburg.
Russian-Turkish relations soured last November when Turkey shot down a Russian bomber on the Syrian border. Their relations soured last November when Turkey shot down a Russian bomber on the Syrian border.
The visit comes as Turkey's ties with the West have cooled over criticism of Mr Erdogan's purge of alleged coup-plotters. It is Mr Erdogan's first foreign visit since an attempted coup last month. He has since launched a far-reaching purge of the armed forces and other state institutions.
Before leaving Turkey, Mr Erdogan referred to President Putin as his "friend" and said he wanted to open a new page in relations with Russia. Speaking in St Petersburg Mr Erdogan thanked Mr Putin, saying a call from the Russian leader after the coup "meant a lot psychologically".
Erdogan unnerves West with Putin visit He said "the Moscow-Ankara friendship axis will be restored".
"This visit strikes me as a new milestone in our bilateral relations, starting again from a clean slate," Mr Erdogan told Russia's Tass news agency.
Mr Putin said their talks would cover "the whole range of our relations... including restoring economic ties, combating terrorism".
After Turkey shot down the Su-24 jet Russia imposed trade sanctions and suspended Russian package tours to Turkey.After Turkey shot down the Su-24 jet Russia imposed trade sanctions and suspended Russian package tours to Turkey.
Now Russia has decided to resume those package tours - an important source of income for Turkish resorts.
On the Syria conflict Mr Putin acknowledged big differences with Mr Erdogan, but said "we will look for solutions".
Erdogan unnerves West with Putin visit
What could each side gain from the visit?What could each side gain from the visit?
The war of words over the downed Russian jet delivered a big blow to trade. Turkey's exports to Russia in the first half of this year fell to $737m (£567m) - a 60.5% slump compared to the same period last year, Turkey's Daily Sabah reported.The war of words over the downed Russian jet delivered a big blow to trade. Turkey's exports to Russia in the first half of this year fell to $737m (£567m) - a 60.5% slump compared to the same period last year, Turkey's Daily Sabah reported.
The dispute put two major joint energy projects on hold - the TurkStream gas pipeline across the Black Sea and the Akkuyu nuclear plant being built by Russia's Rosatom in Turkey.The dispute put two major joint energy projects on hold - the TurkStream gas pipeline across the Black Sea and the Akkuyu nuclear plant being built by Russia's Rosatom in Turkey.
Russia halts Turkey gas project talksRussia halts Turkey gas project talks
In St Petersburg both leaders pledged to restart those projects. Akkuyu will benefit from being designated a "strategic investment", Mr Erdogan said.
Before the dispute, Russia was a major export market for Turkish fruit and vegetables - so now Turkey is anxious to get the Russian import ban lifted.Before the dispute, Russia was a major export market for Turkish fruit and vegetables - so now Turkey is anxious to get the Russian import ban lifted.
There have been increasing signs that ties are improving. Late last month Russia resumed scheduled passenger flights to Turkey and said it was moving to resume charter flights. For years Turkey has been a magnet for Russian tourists, and its resorts suffered heavily from the trade embargo.
What led to the thaw?What led to the thaw?
In June, the Kremlin said Mr Erdogan had apologised for the downing of the jet and had sent a message expressing "sympathy and deep condolences" to the family of the dead pilot.In June, the Kremlin said Mr Erdogan had apologised for the downing of the jet and had sent a message expressing "sympathy and deep condolences" to the family of the dead pilot.
Then, after the 15 July coup attempt in Turkey, Mr Putin expressed support for Mr Erdogan. He did not criticise Mr Erdogan's crackdown on political opponents and purge of alleged "plotters" in state institutions.Then, after the 15 July coup attempt in Turkey, Mr Putin expressed support for Mr Erdogan. He did not criticise Mr Erdogan's crackdown on political opponents and purge of alleged "plotters" in state institutions.
The BBC's Sarah Rainsford says Russia is keen to capitalise on Turkey's cooling relations with the West following the failed coup.The BBC's Sarah Rainsford says Russia is keen to capitalise on Turkey's cooling relations with the West following the failed coup.
Turkey's ties with its Nato allies - especially the US - have been strained by disagreements over the Syrian civil war. Turkey's priority is to weaken the Kurdish separatist forces, while the US is focusing on destroying so-called Islamic State (IS). Mr Erdogan was angered by criticism from the EU and the US of the mass detentions of suspected plotters.
Mr Erdogan was angered by criticism from the EU and the US of the mass detentions of suspected plotters. He demanded that the US extradite Fethullah Gulen, the US-based Muslim cleric whom he accuses of organising the coup. But the US says Turkey must provide solid evidence before such a move can be considered. He demanded that the US extradite Fethullah Gulen, the US-based Muslim cleric whom he accuses of organising the coup. But the US says Turkey must provide solid evidence before such a move can be considered.
Turkey's Justice Minister, Bekir Bozdag, says more than 26,000 people have been detained. What tensions remain?
Why are there still Russia-Turkey tensions?
They back opposing sides in Syria. Turkey is furious at the scale of Russian air support for Syrian government forces, as Mr Erdogan reviles Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.They back opposing sides in Syria. Turkey is furious at the scale of Russian air support for Syrian government forces, as Mr Erdogan reviles Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
Russia has accused Turkey of backing Islamist anti-Assad groups, including some accused of "terrorism" in Russia.Russia has accused Turkey of backing Islamist anti-Assad groups, including some accused of "terrorism" in Russia.
Turkey is at war with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the PKK's Syrian allies. Mr Erdogan has accused Russia of arming the PKK.Turkey is at war with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the PKK's Syrian allies. Mr Erdogan has accused Russia of arming the PKK.
For centuries Russia and Turkey have been rivals for influence in the Caucasus and Black Sea region.For centuries Russia and Turkey have been rivals for influence in the Caucasus and Black Sea region.
Turkey was also angered by Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, accusing Moscow of violating the rights of Crimean Tatars. The Muslim Tatars have long had close ties to Turkey.Turkey was also angered by Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, accusing Moscow of violating the rights of Crimean Tatars. The Muslim Tatars have long had close ties to Turkey.