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| Only 'mild' memory effects found from rugby concussion | Only 'mild' memory effects found from rugby concussion |
| (about 1 hour later) | |
| A study on the long-term effects of concussions in former Scotland rugby players has found they displayed "only some mild memory effects". | A study on the long-term effects of concussions in former Scotland rugby players has found they displayed "only some mild memory effects". |
| Fifty-two ex-internationals with an average of 14 concussions each were examined by the University of Glasgow. | Fifty-two ex-internationals with an average of 14 concussions each were examined by the University of Glasgow. |
| Multiple sports concussions have been linked to the neurodegenerative disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy. | Multiple sports concussions have been linked to the neurodegenerative disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy. |
| It has been found in the brain tissue of deceased former NFL athletes, boxers and rugby players. | It has been found in the brain tissue of deceased former NFL athletes, boxers and rugby players. |
| The former players were examined alongside 29 control subjects. | The former players were examined alongside 29 control subjects. |
| "Overall there is not a suggestion of widespread decline in daily function in ex-rugby internationalists who had a high number of repeat concussions," said Tom McMillan, Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology. | "Overall there is not a suggestion of widespread decline in daily function in ex-rugby internationalists who had a high number of repeat concussions," said Tom McMillan, Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology. |
| "Although some differences in memory were found, these were mild overall and their cause uncertain. | "Although some differences in memory were found, these were mild overall and their cause uncertain. |
| "Despite a high number of repeat concussions in the retired rugby players, effects on mental health, social or work function were not evident some 20 years after they had stopped playing." | "Despite a high number of repeat concussions in the retired rugby players, effects on mental health, social or work function were not evident some 20 years after they had stopped playing." |
| 'Multiple concussive injuries' | 'Multiple concussive injuries' |
| Annual injury audits of England's Premiership have shown an increase in reported concussion in each of the past five years, although rugby's governing bodies say improved awareness and recognition have boosted those figures. | |
| Meanwhile this week, prop Nathan White of Connacht and Saracens lock Alistair Hargreaves both announced their retirements having sustained multiple concussion injuries. | |
| Scotland's most-capped international, Chris Paterson, was among those who participated in the study, due to be published on Friday in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. | Scotland's most-capped international, Chris Paterson, was among those who participated in the study, due to be published on Friday in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. |
| It found that "despite multiple concussive injuries in the retired rugby players, there were not significant effects on daily life overall". | It found that "despite multiple concussive injuries in the retired rugby players, there were not significant effects on daily life overall". |
| The former internationals performed less well on a test of verbal learning, and a separate test of fine co-ordination of the dominant hand, but the study says these effects were "mild". | The former internationals performed less well on a test of verbal learning, and a separate test of fine co-ordination of the dominant hand, but the study says these effects were "mild". |
| The research also found that there were no "significant associations" between the number of concussions and the participants' performances on cognitive tests. | The research also found that there were no "significant associations" between the number of concussions and the participants' performances on cognitive tests. |