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Italy referendum: PM Matteo Renzi resigns after clear referendum defeat Italy referendum: PM Matteo Renzi resigns after clear referendum defeat
(about 3 hours later)
Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi has resigned after suffering a heavy defeat in a referendum over his plan to reform the constitution.Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi has resigned after suffering a heavy defeat in a referendum over his plan to reform the constitution.
In a late-night news conference, he said he took responsibility for the outcome, and said the No camp must now make clear proposals.In a late-night news conference, he said he took responsibility for the outcome, and said the No camp must now make clear proposals.
With most ballots counted, the No vote leads with 60% against 40% for Yes.With most ballots counted, the No vote leads with 60% against 40% for Yes.
The turnout was nearly 70%, in a vote that was seen as a chance to register discontent with the prime minister.The turnout was nearly 70%, in a vote that was seen as a chance to register discontent with the prime minister.
"Good luck to us all," Mr Renzi told reporters. He said he would tell a Cabinet meeting on Monday afternoon that he was resigning, and then tender his resignation to the Italian president after two-and-a-half years in office. "Good luck to us all," Mr Renzi told reporters. He said he would tell a Cabinet meeting on Monday afternoon that he was resigning, then tender his resignation to the Italian president.
Mr Renzi said the reforms he proposed would have cut Italy's bureaucracy and made the country more competitive. Sleepless nights in Brussels - BBC Europe editor Katya Adler in Rome
But the referendum was widely seen as a chance to register discontent with the prime minister.
Sleepless nights and uneasy prospects - BBC Europe editor Katya Adler in Rome
EU leaders won't have slept much on Sunday night. Angst about Italy makes an uncomfortable bedfellow and there's plenty for them to worry about. Particularly in Brussels. Prime Minister Renzi was the only premier left in Europe with a vision for the EU's future. Angela Merkel is too busy crisis-managing while much of France is in thrall to Front National eurosceptics.EU leaders won't have slept much on Sunday night. Angst about Italy makes an uncomfortable bedfellow and there's plenty for them to worry about. Particularly in Brussels. Prime Minister Renzi was the only premier left in Europe with a vision for the EU's future. Angela Merkel is too busy crisis-managing while much of France is in thrall to Front National eurosceptics.
But Matteo Renzi is no more. The self-styled reformer with his promise to stabilise politics and kick-start the Italian economy has managed quite the reverse.But Matteo Renzi is no more. The self-styled reformer with his promise to stabilise politics and kick-start the Italian economy has managed quite the reverse.
Italy wakes up on Monday to the threat of a banking crisis, political turmoil, and a group of anti-establishment populists banging on the doors of government. Eurozone beware and EU be warned. Italy is the euro currency's third largest economy and it's in for a bumpy ride. And there are more unpredictable votes to come in 2017: in France, Germany the Netherlands and perhaps here in Italy too.Italy wakes up on Monday to the threat of a banking crisis, political turmoil, and a group of anti-establishment populists banging on the doors of government. Eurozone beware and EU be warned. Italy is the euro currency's third largest economy and it's in for a bumpy ride. And there are more unpredictable votes to come in 2017: in France, Germany the Netherlands and perhaps here in Italy too.
The No vote was supported by populist parties, and the referendum was regarded as a barometer of anti-establishment sentiment in Europe. Why did he lose?
The populist Five Star Movement says it is getting ready to govern Italy now that Mr Renzi is resigning. "Starting tomorrow we'll be at work on a Five Star government," one of its leaders, Luigi Di Maio, said. Matteo Renzi's staked his political future on his attempt to change Italy's cumbersome political system. He wanted to strengthen central government and weaken the Senate, the upper house of parliament.
The movement, led by comedian Beppe Grillo, spearheaded the winning No campaign. His opponents - including some within his own party - had argued that the reforms would give the prime minister too much power. The electorate agreed.
Opposition leader Matteo Salvini, of the anti-immigrant Northern League, called the referendum a "victory of the people against the strong powers of three-quarters of the world". But the referendum was more than a vote on constitutional reform, it was widely regarded as a chance to reject establishment politics.
There has been an immediate reaction from right-wing leaders in Europe. It was a resounding victory for the No camp, a medley of populist parties headed by the Five Star Movement, which capitalised on Mr Renzi's declining popularity, years of economic stagnation, and the problems caused by tens of thousands of migrants arriving in Italy from Africa.
The leader of Front National in France, Marine Le Pen, tweeted her congratulations to the Northern League. Has this strengthened anti-establishment parties?
The No vote's victory was even bigger than the last opinion poll in November had predicted.
The Five Star Movement says it is getting ready to govern Italy now that Mr Renzi is resigning. Its leader Beppe Grillo called for an election to be called "within a week".
"Starting tomorrow we'll be at work on a Five Star government," said Luigi Di Maio, a rising star in the party.
Another opposition leader Matteo Salvini, of the anti-immigrant Northern League, called the referendum a "victory of the people against the strong powers of three-quarters of the world".
What will happen next?
Mr Renzi will hand in his resignation to President Sergio Mattarella later on Monday, following a final meeting with his cabinet.
The president may ask him to stay on at least until parliament has passed a budget bill due later this month.
In spite of the pressure from the opposition, early elections are thought to be unlikely.
Instead, the president may appoint a caretaker administration led by Mr Renzi's Democratic Party, which would carry on until an election due in the spring of 2018.
Finance Minister Pier Carlo Padoan is the favourite to succeed Mr Renzi as prime minister.
How will this go down elsewhere in Europe?
So far, there has been little reaction from mainstream politicians.
The Governor of the Bank of France, Francois Villeroy, who is also policymaker for the European Central Bank, put a brave face on it.
"The referendum in Italy yesterday may be deemed as another source of uncertainty," he said. "However, it cannot be compared to the British referendum: Italian people have been called to the polls to vote on an internal constitutional matter, and not on Italy's long-standing EU membership."
But the leader of far-right Front National in France, Marine Le Pen, tweeted her congratulations to the Northern League.
"The Italians have disavowed the EU and Renzi. We must listen to this thirst for freedom of nations," she said."The Italians have disavowed the EU and Renzi. We must listen to this thirst for freedom of nations," she said.
The euro fell against the dollar immediately after the exit polls came out. What will it do to the economy?
Markets seemed to have taken Mr Renzi's departure in their stride. Stocks and the euro fell in early trading in Asia but there were no signs of panic, as the possibility of his resignation had already been factored in.
But the referendum result could have longer-term implications.
There have been growing concerns over financial stability in the eurozone's third largest economy.There have been growing concerns over financial stability in the eurozone's third largest economy.
What a No vote means Italy's economy is 12% smaller than when the financial crisis began in 2008.
The No campaign in Italy has been spearheaded by the anti-establishment Five Star Movement, led by Beppe Grillo. The banks remain weak and the country's debt-to-GDP ratio, at 133%, is second only to Greece's.
It wants a referendum on whether Italy should keep the euro. With Mr Renzi gone, and populist parties on the rise, the question is whether Italy can keep a lid on the problems.
Populist parties, including the Five Star Movement and the anti-immigrant Northern League.
The referendum comes in the wake of the Brexit vote in the UK in June, and coincides with the rise of the anti-immigrant Front National in France and populist parties elsewhere. It also comes less than a month after the election of Donald Trump in the United States.
Some 50 million Italians have the right to vote in the referendum - many voters are fed up with years of economic stagnation.