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| Pilot errors led to Shoreham air crash, says AAIB | Pilot errors led to Shoreham air crash, says AAIB |
| (35 minutes later) | |
| Pilot errors and ineffective measures to protect the public led to the deaths of 11 men when a vintage jet crashed on to a dual carriageway during the Shoreham air show, investigators say. | Pilot errors and ineffective measures to protect the public led to the deaths of 11 men when a vintage jet crashed on to a dual carriageway during the Shoreham air show, investigators say. |
| The Hawker Hunter jet crashed on the A27, destroying vehicles and bursting into flames on 22 August 2015. | The Hawker Hunter jet crashed on the A27, destroying vehicles and bursting into flames on 22 August 2015. |
| A further 13 people, including the pilot Andy Hill, were injured. | A further 13 people, including the pilot Andy Hill, were injured. |
| In its final report on the disaster, the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) listed a series of failings. | In its final report on the disaster, the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) listed a series of failings. |
| Mr Hill, 52, from Hertfordshire, has been the subject of a manslaughter investigation by Sussex Police and interviewed under caution. | |
| 'A fireball headed towards us at 400mph' | 'A fireball headed towards us at 400mph' |
| Silence marks air disaster one year on | Silence marks air disaster one year on |
| Live updates: Shoreham air disaster report | Live updates: Shoreham air disaster report |
| On publication of the report into the disaster, AAIB principal inspector Julian Firth said: "The aircraft crashed because at the top of its aerobatic manoeuvre it was too low to complete it." | On publication of the report into the disaster, AAIB principal inspector Julian Firth said: "The aircraft crashed because at the top of its aerobatic manoeuvre it was too low to complete it." |
| The parents of victim Matthew Grimstone, 23, said: "Apart from anything that the pilot may have got wrong it is very evident the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and the Shoreham Air Show organisers have got much to answer for. | |
| "Rules laid down by the CAA were quite clearly inadequate and those that were there were, in some cases, not fully adhered to by the air show organisers." | |
| 'Escape manoeuvre' | 'Escape manoeuvre' |
| The report said the pilot carried out the manoeuvre at less than maximum thrust. | The report said the pilot carried out the manoeuvre at less than maximum thrust. |
| It would have been possible to abort it safely at the apex of the loop but Mr Hill had not been trained in the escape manoeuvre which might have got him out of trouble. | It would have been possible to abort it safely at the apex of the loop but Mr Hill had not been trained in the escape manoeuvre which might have got him out of trouble. |
| The AAIB also found the severity of the outcome of the crash was due to "an absence of provisions to mitigate the effects of an aircraft crashing in an area outside the control of the organisers of the flying display". | The AAIB also found the severity of the outcome of the crash was due to "an absence of provisions to mitigate the effects of an aircraft crashing in an area outside the control of the organisers of the flying display". |
| The report said the risk assessment "was not suitable and sufficient to manage the risks to the public", and the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) did not require to see or approve risk assessments before issuing a permission to hold a flying display. | The report said the risk assessment "was not suitable and sufficient to manage the risks to the public", and the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) did not require to see or approve risk assessments before issuing a permission to hold a flying display. |
| The report makes a series of safety recommendations including that airshow organisers must conduct suitable and sufficient risk assessments, and pilots must tell organisers what manoeuvres they will carry out and where. | The report makes a series of safety recommendations including that airshow organisers must conduct suitable and sufficient risk assessments, and pilots must tell organisers what manoeuvres they will carry out and where. |
| The AAIB also recommends that pilots should be trained in escape manoeuvres, and that displaying aircraft are separated from the public by a sufficient distance to minimise risk of injury to the public. | The AAIB also recommends that pilots should be trained in escape manoeuvres, and that displaying aircraft are separated from the public by a sufficient distance to minimise risk of injury to the public. |
| Analysis: Richard Westcott, BBC transport correspondent | |
| Investigators interviewed the Shoreham pilot several times but critically, he can't remember anything about the accident. | |
| They say his flight helmet had dents in so it's possible he hit his head. | |
| What that means is that, although they know the aircraft was flying too low and too slow, and that the engine wasn't at full power when it should have been, they can only speculate as to why. | |
| One possible explanation they've looked at is whether the pilot got confused with another jet aircraft, called a Jet Provost, which he normally flies. | |
| The height and speed he started the Shoreham manoeuvre would be right for the Jet Provost, because it is smaller and lighter than the Hunter. | |
| Aviation specialists have suggested that he may have got the planes muddled up. But it's unlikely that we will ever know for sure. | |
| Both the AAIB and CAA have already published a series of interim reports looking at the findings from the crash scene and implications for air displays around the UK | Both the AAIB and CAA have already published a series of interim reports looking at the findings from the crash scene and implications for air displays around the UK |
| An AAIB report in September 2015 found the jet showed "no abnormal indications" during its flight. | An AAIB report in September 2015 found the jet showed "no abnormal indications" during its flight. |
| But a further report in December said the aircraft had expired ejector seat parts and an out-of-date technical manual. | But a further report in December said the aircraft had expired ejector seat parts and an out-of-date technical manual. |
| In March last year, the AAIB said organisers of the Shoreham air show were unaware of the pilot's display plans. | In March last year, the AAIB said organisers of the Shoreham air show were unaware of the pilot's display plans. |
| Safety measures at all UK civil air shows were enhanced following the disaster and the CAA said it had reviewed every aspect of air display safety. | Safety measures at all UK civil air shows were enhanced following the disaster and the CAA said it had reviewed every aspect of air display safety. |
| The AAIB made 21 safety recommendations which were all accepted by CAA this year. | The AAIB made 21 safety recommendations which were all accepted by CAA this year. |
| The victims | The victims |
| Who were the Shoreham air crash victims? | Who were the Shoreham air crash victims? |