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An axe hangs over the liberal order. Can Merkel convince Trump to put it down? An axe hangs over the liberal order. Can Merkel convince Trump to put it down?
(about 4 hours later)
“Does Europe have a phone number?”, Henry Kissinger famously asked. In a bout of unexpected humour, Catherine Ashton, until 2014 the EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs, replied: “Yes, of course. It is mine. When you call it, a computer answers: For Germany, press one; for Britain, press two, for France, press three.” “Does Europe have a phone number?”, Henry Kissinger famously asked. In a bout of unexpected humour, Catherine Ashton, until 2014 the EU’s high representative for foreign affairs, replied: “Yes, of course. It is mine. When you call it, a computer answers: for Germany, press one; for Britain, press two, for France, press three.”
Donald Trump must have figured out the centrality of Germany on his own, which is why he invited chancellor Angela Merkel to the White House this week. If you want to talk to Europe, she is the go-to leader. Who else? Britain is on the way out, never mind the “special relationship.” France, once the Continent’s no. 1, has suffered a precipitous decline during the reign of François Hollande, and it might take years to restore its old grandeur. Italy is a study in ungovernability, with 60 administrations since World War II. Donald Trump must have figured out the centrality of Germany on his own, which is why he invited Angela Merkel to the White House this week. If you want to talk to Europe, she is the go-to leader. Who else? Britain is on the way out, never mind the “special relationship”. France, once the continent’s No 1, has suffered a precipitous decline during the reign of François Hollande, and it might take years to restore its old grandeur. Italy is a study in ungovernability, with 60 administrations since the second world war.
So Angela Merkel is Europe’s empress by default. She is the last woman standing. To boot, she brings impressive assets to the White House. Unlike her neighbours, Germany, has remained fairly immune to populist demagoguery. The economy, the world’s fourth-largest, is booming. By weight and strategic position, Germany looms over the rest. That is why the chancellor is among the first batch of foreign leaders to get a one-on-one in the Oval Office. So Merkel is Europe’s emperor by default. She is the last woman standing. To boot, she brings impressive assets to the White House. Unlike its neighbours, Germany has remained fairly immune to populist demagoguery. The economy, the world’s fourth-largest, is booming. By weight and strategic position, Germany looms over the rest. That is why the chancellor is among the first batch of foreign leaders to get a one-on-one in the Oval Office.
So in the run-up to her visit, Mr Trump’s minions fanned out to put the right spin on the visit. The message to the media was: we like and we respect her. So in the run-up to her visit, Trump’s minions fanned out to put the right spin on the visit. The message to the media was: we like and we respect her.
Nonetheless, this trip is no love fest. The New York Times got it right: “The great disrupter confronts the last defender of the liberal world order.” In the run-up, Mr Trump had called Nato “obsolete.”, The EU “is gonna be hard to keep together.” Trump’s economic advisor Peter Navarro has been going after the Germans for aping the Chinese in depressing the euro so as to rack up ever larger trade surpluses. Nonetheless, this trip is no love fest. The New York Times got it right: “The great disrupter confronts the last defender of the liberal world order.” In the run-up, Trump had called Nato “obsolete”, and said the EU “is gonna be hard to keep together”. Trump’s economic adviser Peter Navarro has been going after the Germans for aping China in depressing the euro so as to rack up ever larger trade surpluses.
Meanwhile, the administration has been changing its tune. Mr Trump himself has found kind words for the EU; he was “totally in favour of it.” His vice president has celebrated America’s “unwavering commitment” to the Alliance., while defence chief Jim Mattis praised “our enduring bond.” Meanwhile, the administration has been changing its tune. Trump himself has found kind words for the EU; he was “totally in favour of it”. His vice-president, Mike Pence, has celebrated America’s “unwavering commitment” to the alliance, while defence chief James Mattis praised “our enduring bond”.
So, German angst has been receding, especially since Donald Trump no longer cheers Vladimir Putin as his “newest best friend,” vowing instead to increase the U.S. defence budget by $ 54bn. The stars are aligning, and the chancellor’s visit is coinciding with a moment of serendipity. So German angst has been receding, especially since Trump no longer cheers Vladimir Putin as his “newest best friend”, vowing instead to increase the US defence budget by $54bn. The stars are aligning, and the chancellor’s visit is coinciding with a moment of serendipity.
Sure, Mr Trump had been threatening the Europeans with “pay up, or we ship out.” Yet as his approach to Russia is hardening, the Germans have, on their own accord, moved toward rearmament. After two decades of relentless downsizing, Berlin decided last year – before Trump’s electoral triumph – to increase defence spending by a whopping 8 per cent. This mirror Russia’s annual spending boosts. Sure, Trump had been threatening the Europeans with “pay up, or we ship out”. Yet as his approach to Russia is hardening, the Germans have, of their own accord, moved toward rearmament. After two decades of relentless downsizing, Berlin decided last year – before Trump’s electoral triumph – to increase defence spending by a whopping 8%. This mirror Russia’s annual spending boosts.
Of course, the Germans have a long way to go, having cut their forces by two-thirds since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Their fabled panzers are down to 250 from 3000. Yet the basic point still holds. The US and Germany are now on the same page about Europe needing to spend more on defense, courtesy of Vladimir Putin, who has been pressing hard on Nato’s eastern borders after grabbing the Crimea and launching a surrogate war in south-eastern Ukraine. Of course, the Germans have a long way to go, having cut their forces by two-thirds since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Their fabled panzers are down to 250 from 3,000. Yet the basic point still holds: the US and Germany are now on the same page about Europe needing to spend more on defense, courtesy of Putin, who has been pressing hard on Nato’s eastern borders after grabbing Crimea and launching a surrogate war in south-eastern Ukraine.
It’s the parlous security situation that has pushed Mrs Merkel and Mr Trump together. The president has grasped that Natoisn’t so “obsolete” after all, serving, as America’s first line of defence – as it has done for 70 years. And the Germans, nervously eying the Russian wolf at Nato’s eastern door, have decided that it is in their own interest to “pay up.” It’s the parlous security situation that has pushed Merkel and Trump together. The president has grasped that Nato isn’t so “obsolete” after all, serving, as America’s first line of defence – as it has done for 70 years. And the Germans, nervously eying the Russian wolf at Nato’s eastern door, have decided that it is in their own interest to “pay up”.
At this juncture, though, serendipity begins to wane. Mrs Merkel went to Washington to remind The Donald ever so softly, as is her style, of some enduring economic verities. For Mr Trump has not laid aside the axe he has raised against the liberal trading order the United States had built and nurtured since the 1940s. At this juncture, though, serendipity begins to wane. Merkel went to Washington to remind Trump ever so softly, as is her style, of some enduring economic verities. For Trump has not laid aside the axe he has raised against the liberal trading order the US had built and nurtured since the 1940s.
In their one-on-one talks, the chancellor surely told the president that the Atlantic trade and investment relationship is the world’s largest. That hundreds of thousands of well-paid American jobs are rooted in the export sector. That automotive manufacturing relies on foreign parts to the tune of 50%. That German BMWs, Mercedes and Volkswagens sold in the US are actually Made in USA. That protectionism will make both sides poorer. In their one-on-one talks, the chancellor surely told the president that the Atlantic trade and investment relationship is the world’s largest. That hundreds of thousands of well-paid American jobs are rooted in the export sector. That automotive manufacturing relies on foreign parts to the tune of 50%. That German BMWs, Mercedes and Volkswagens sold in the US are actually Made in the USA. That protectionism will make both sides poorer.
It stands to reason that Merkel will have driven home the insights of Economics 101 before she returns. As to the grander scheme of things, we might conclude that Mr Trump will not want to face Russia and China on his own – without Europe and its trustiest anchor, Angela Merkel. Who else is there, given Brexit and France’s economic miseries, not to speak of Marine Le Pen who will stay in the game even if she fails to conquer the Elysée, the presidential palace. It stands to reason that Merkel will have driven home the insights of economics 101 before she returns. As to the grander scheme of things, we might conclude that Trump will not want to face Russia and China on his own without Europe and its trustiest anchor. Who else is there, given Brexit and France’s economic miseries, not to speak of Marine Le Pen, who will stay in the game even if she fails to conquer the Elysée, France’s presidential palace?
Cold-eyed realpolitik bids Mr Trump to ditch the axe he is holding over the liberal order. He should take in what his German guest has told him. But wisdom in the White House lasts only until the president’s next tweets. Cold-eyed realpolitik bids Trump to ditch the axe he is holding over the liberal order. He should take in what his German guest has told him. But wisdom in the White House lasts only until the president’s next tweets.
Josef Joffe is the Editor of Die Zeit in Hamburg and Fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford where he teaches international politics.Josef Joffe is the Editor of Die Zeit in Hamburg and Fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford where he teaches international politics.