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| Version 0 | Version 1 |
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| How has Brexit vote affected UK economy? July verdict | How has Brexit vote affected UK economy? July verdict |
| (6 months later) | |
| Each month we look at key indicators to see what effect the Brexit process has on growth, prosperity and trade in the UK | |
| Angela Monaghan | |
| Mon 24 Jul 2017 06.01 BST | |
| Last modified on Mon 15 Jan 2018 12.12 GMT | |
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| Pound edges up against the dollar on rate hike speculation | Pound edges up against the dollar on rate hike speculation |
| The pound slumped to three-decade lows against the US dollar after the Brexit vote over worries about the UK economy’s long-term prospects outside the EU. Over the past month, sterling has edged up slightly against the US currency. This is partly because some investors have brought forward expectations of when the Bank of England will raise interest rates from an all-time low of 0.25%, but it is also because the dollar has weakened against a range of currencies. Compared with the night of the referendum in June last year, the pound is still down about 13% against the dollar and around 14% down against the euro. | The pound slumped to three-decade lows against the US dollar after the Brexit vote over worries about the UK economy’s long-term prospects outside the EU. Over the past month, sterling has edged up slightly against the US currency. This is partly because some investors have brought forward expectations of when the Bank of England will raise interest rates from an all-time low of 0.25%, but it is also because the dollar has weakened against a range of currencies. Compared with the night of the referendum in June last year, the pound is still down about 13% against the dollar and around 14% down against the euro. |
| Stock markets keep climbing | Stock markets keep climbing |
| The FTSE 100 index of shares in big companies plunged the day after the referendum but quickly recovered and ended 2016 at a record high. That rise was driven in part by the pound’s weakness which helps the many companies in the index that report in dollars and those blue chip companies with a large proportion of foreign earnings. While the FTSE 100 has not surpassed the record high achieved in early June, the index is up over the last month and is now around 18% above its level on the night of the Brexit vote. The FTSE 250 index of midcaps is up about 14% from its level on 23 June 2016. | The FTSE 100 index of shares in big companies plunged the day after the referendum but quickly recovered and ended 2016 at a record high. That rise was driven in part by the pound’s weakness which helps the many companies in the index that report in dollars and those blue chip companies with a large proportion of foreign earnings. While the FTSE 100 has not surpassed the record high achieved in early June, the index is up over the last month and is now around 18% above its level on the night of the Brexit vote. The FTSE 250 index of midcaps is up about 14% from its level on 23 June 2016. |
| Lower than forecast | Lower than forecast |
| Inflation falls for the first time in nine months | Inflation falls for the first time in nine months |
| Inflation has risen rapidly since the EU referendum as the sharp drop in the value of the pound pushes up the cost of goods imported from abroad. Last month, however, inflation fell unexpectedly and for the first time in nine months to 2.6%, down from a four-year high of 2.9% in May. The fall was mainly driven by lower fuel prices, reflecting weaker oil prices and providing some respite for cash-strapped consumers. But household budgets are still under pressure from falling real pay, as inflation outpaces wage growth of 1.8%. | Inflation has risen rapidly since the EU referendum as the sharp drop in the value of the pound pushes up the cost of goods imported from abroad. Last month, however, inflation fell unexpectedly and for the first time in nine months to 2.6%, down from a four-year high of 2.9% in May. The fall was mainly driven by lower fuel prices, reflecting weaker oil prices and providing some respite for cash-strapped consumers. But household budgets are still under pressure from falling real pay, as inflation outpaces wage growth of 1.8%. |
| Worse than forecast | Worse than forecast |
| UK’s trade performance worsens | UK’s trade performance worsens |
| Policymakers are hoping that stronger exports and business investment will help to offset a downturn in consumer spending. The latest official trade figures showed that exports did rise in May, by 2.5%, but imports rose by an even bigger 4.8%. That meant the deficit in trade in goods with the rest of the world widened more than expected, to £11.86bn in May from £10.6bn in April. When services such as banking and legal work were included, the deficit widened by £1bn to £3.1bn, reflecting an increase in imports. | Policymakers are hoping that stronger exports and business investment will help to offset a downturn in consumer spending. The latest official trade figures showed that exports did rise in May, by 2.5%, but imports rose by an even bigger 4.8%. That meant the deficit in trade in goods with the rest of the world widened more than expected, to £11.86bn in May from £10.6bn in April. When services such as banking and legal work were included, the deficit widened by £1bn to £3.1bn, reflecting an increase in imports. |
| Worse than forecast | Worse than forecast |
| Growth in business activity slows across key sectors | Growth in business activity slows across key sectors |
| UK firms had a tougher time in June than was expected, with business activity growing at its weakest pace for four months. Growth slowed in all three key areas of manufacturing, construction and services according to the Markit/CIPS purchasing managers’ indices (PMIs). Growth in services, Britain’s biggest sector, was particularly weak, as consumer-facing businesses including hotels and restaurants were hit by the squeeze on household incomes. The PMIs are tracked for early clues on official GDP figures, and the authors of the reports said that despite weakness in June, the second quarter overall was on track to beat 0.2% growth in the first quarter. | UK firms had a tougher time in June than was expected, with business activity growing at its weakest pace for four months. Growth slowed in all three key areas of manufacturing, construction and services according to the Markit/CIPS purchasing managers’ indices (PMIs). Growth in services, Britain’s biggest sector, was particularly weak, as consumer-facing businesses including hotels and restaurants were hit by the squeeze on household incomes. The PMIs are tracked for early clues on official GDP figures, and the authors of the reports said that despite weakness in June, the second quarter overall was on track to beat 0.2% growth in the first quarter. |
| Public finances are in worse shape | Public finances are in worse shape |
| A slowing economy, rising inflation and a decline in corporation tax receipts meant the UK borrowed more than expected in June, with the country’s budget deficit rising to £6.9bn – almost 50% higher than in the same month last year. Higher inflation, which followed sterling’s slump after the Brexit vote, pushed up the cost of financing the portion of government debt linked to rising prices. Lower GDP growth in the first quarter put pressure on tax receipts while a bigger than expected contribution to the EU budget added to the £2bn of extra borrowing. After the first three months of the financial year, borrowing was up almost 9% compared with the first quarter of last year. | A slowing economy, rising inflation and a decline in corporation tax receipts meant the UK borrowed more than expected in June, with the country’s budget deficit rising to £6.9bn – almost 50% higher than in the same month last year. Higher inflation, which followed sterling’s slump after the Brexit vote, pushed up the cost of financing the portion of government debt linked to rising prices. Lower GDP growth in the first quarter put pressure on tax receipts while a bigger than expected contribution to the EU budget added to the £2bn of extra borrowing. After the first three months of the financial year, borrowing was up almost 9% compared with the first quarter of last year. |
| Unemployment better than forecast, wages as expected | Unemployment better than forecast, wages as expected |
| Real pay falls despite surprise drop in jobless rate | Real pay falls despite surprise drop in jobless rate |
| Household budgets have come under pressure from a fall in real pay, as prices rise faster than wages. That trend continued, according to the latest data, which showed average earnings including bonuses (shown above) rose 1.8% in the three months to May, year on year. That was in line with expectations, but a slowdown compared with 2.1% growth in the three months to April. Adjusting for inflation, pay fell by 0.7% over the period, the biggest drop since the summer of 2014. Real pay fell despite a surprise drop in the unemployment rate from 4.6% to 4.5%, which was the lowest since 1975. | Household budgets have come under pressure from a fall in real pay, as prices rise faster than wages. That trend continued, according to the latest data, which showed average earnings including bonuses (shown above) rose 1.8% in the three months to May, year on year. That was in line with expectations, but a slowdown compared with 2.1% growth in the three months to April. Adjusting for inflation, pay fell by 0.7% over the period, the biggest drop since the summer of 2014. Real pay fell despite a surprise drop in the unemployment rate from 4.6% to 4.5%, which was the lowest since 1975. |
| Better than forecast | Better than forecast |
| Retail sales bounce back in the warm weather | Retail sales bounce back in the warm weather |
| Retail sales rebounded in June as the warm weather encouraged consumers to splash out on summer clothing. Sales volumes rose by 0.6% over the month, beating the 0.4% increase forecast by economists. The rise followed a sharp 1.1% drop in May. A better-than-expected June pushed up retail sales by 1.5% in the second quarter overall, following a 1.4% first-quarter fall. | Retail sales rebounded in June as the warm weather encouraged consumers to splash out on summer clothing. Sales volumes rose by 0.6% over the month, beating the 0.4% increase forecast by economists. The rise followed a sharp 1.1% drop in May. A better-than-expected June pushed up retail sales by 1.5% in the second quarter overall, following a 1.4% first-quarter fall. |
| Worse than expected | Worse than expected |
| House price growth slows | House price growth slows |
| The latest monthly snapshot of the housing market from the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (Rics) showed house prices rose at the slowest rate in 11 months in June. A net balance of 7% of surveyors saw prices rise rather than fall in June, down from 17% in May. It was the weakest since July 2016, a month after the Brexit vote, as political uncertainty weighed on the property market. The picture differed regionally, with London being the weakest market, followed by the south-east. | The latest monthly snapshot of the housing market from the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (Rics) showed house prices rose at the slowest rate in 11 months in June. A net balance of 7% of surveyors saw prices rise rather than fall in June, down from 17% in May. It was the weakest since July 2016, a month after the Brexit vote, as political uncertainty weighed on the property market. The picture differed regionally, with London being the weakest market, followed by the south-east. |
| And another thing ... productivity has fallen | And another thing ... productivity has fallen |
| UK productivity has dropped back to where it was at the end of 2007 just before the economy was plunged into recession. Official figures from the ONS showed output per worker fell 0.5% in the first three months of 2017, damaging living standards and ending a run of positive quarterly growth in 2016 which had pulled productivity just above the 2007 peak. The ONS said that had productivity in the UK returned to its pre-recession trend, it would be 20% higher than its current level, meaning Britain would be one-fifth better off. | UK productivity has dropped back to where it was at the end of 2007 just before the economy was plunged into recession. Official figures from the ONS showed output per worker fell 0.5% in the first three months of 2017, damaging living standards and ending a run of positive quarterly growth in 2016 which had pulled productivity just above the 2007 peak. The ONS said that had productivity in the UK returned to its pre-recession trend, it would be 20% higher than its current level, meaning Britain would be one-fifth better off. |
| About the forecasts | About the forecasts |
| The dashboard analyses how key parts of the economy have performed since April, during the run-up to the referendum, and compares key monthly economic indicators with how they were expected to come in, based on the consensus forecasts in polling of economists by news service Reuters. | The dashboard analyses how key parts of the economy have performed since April, during the run-up to the referendum, and compares key monthly economic indicators with how they were expected to come in, based on the consensus forecasts in polling of economists by news service Reuters. |
| Economics | |
| Brexit data snapshot | |
| Brexit | |
| European Union | |
| Europe | |
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