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| Mortgage bail-out rallies markets | Mortgage bail-out rallies markets |
| (30 minutes later) | |
| Shares in Europe and Asia have rallied after the US government said that it was taking over troubled mortgage giants Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. | Shares in Europe and Asia have rallied after the US government said that it was taking over troubled mortgage giants Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. |
| Investors hoped the largest bail-out in US history would prop up the country's housing market and ultimately help to end the credit crunch, analysts said. | Investors hoped the largest bail-out in US history would prop up the country's housing market and ultimately help to end the credit crunch, analysts said. |
| London's FTSE 100 index and key markets in Japan and Hong Kong rose about 3.5%. | London's FTSE 100 index and key markets in Japan and Hong Kong rose about 3.5%. |
| US president George Bush said the two mortgage lenders had posed "an unacceptable risk" to the economy. | US president George Bush said the two mortgage lenders had posed "an unacceptable risk" to the economy. |
| Solvency bid | |
| In a dramatic move, US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson announced the rescue plan on Sunday, before markets opened. | In a dramatic move, US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson announced the rescue plan on Sunday, before markets opened. |
| FREDDIE MAC & FANNIE MAE The two firms: Buy mortgages from approved lenders and then sell them on to investors - rather than lending directly to borrowersGuarantee or own about half of the $12 trillion US mortgage marketAre relied on by almost all US mortgage lendersAre looked to for funds to meet consumer demand for mortgagesLink mortgage lenders with investors - keeping the supply of money widely available and at a lower costHave no direct UK equivalent Q&A: Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae | |
| Between them Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae finance or guarantee nearly half of the outstanding mortgages in the US, and have lost billions of dollars during the US housing crash. | Between them Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae finance or guarantee nearly half of the outstanding mortgages in the US, and have lost billions of dollars during the US housing crash. |
| Much of their bond debt was ultimately held by Asian banks, who had recently begun withdrawing their investment. | Much of their bond debt was ultimately held by Asian banks, who had recently begun withdrawing their investment. |
| The most recent figures show that about 9% of US homeowners were behind on their payments or faced repossession. | The most recent figures show that about 9% of US homeowners were behind on their payments or faced repossession. |
| The rescue could cost the Federal government $200bn (£100bn) as it invests fresh capital into the stricken mortgage giants to keep them solvent. | The rescue could cost the Federal government $200bn (£100bn) as it invests fresh capital into the stricken mortgage giants to keep them solvent. |
| The news is a positive surprise for the markets Graham NealeKillick & Co Q&A: Freddie Mac and Fannie MaeThe importance of Freddie and Fannie | |
| But a collapse of the two lenders would have frozen US mortgage lending for years, and would likely have lead to even steeper declines in house prices. | But a collapse of the two lenders would have frozen US mortgage lending for years, and would likely have lead to even steeper declines in house prices. |
| According to one widely-reported index, US house prices are falling at an annual rate of more than 15% in major metropolitan areas, putting many people in negative equity. | According to one widely-reported index, US house prices are falling at an annual rate of more than 15% in major metropolitan areas, putting many people in negative equity. |
| Shares rally | Shares rally |
| The rescue plan reassured investors worldwide who feared that a collapse of the government-sponsored enterprises could have a ripple effect on financial markets, with further losses by major banks leading to yet further cutbacks in credit and lending. | The rescue plan reassured investors worldwide who feared that a collapse of the government-sponsored enterprises could have a ripple effect on financial markets, with further losses by major banks leading to yet further cutbacks in credit and lending. |
| FROM THE TODAY PROGRAMME More from Today programme | FROM THE TODAY PROGRAMME More from Today programme |
| In early trading London's FTSE 100 index was 3.5% ahead. | In early trading London's FTSE 100 index was 3.5% ahead. |
| UK banking stocks were buoyed by the news from the US, some adding as much as 15%. House builders also gained on hopes that the move could signal a turnaround in the sector. | UK banking stocks were buoyed by the news from the US, some adding as much as 15%. House builders also gained on hopes that the move could signal a turnaround in the sector. |
| Japan's Nikkei index closed up 3.4%, while the Hang Seng index had added 3.9% by mid-afternoon trading. | Japan's Nikkei index closed up 3.4%, while the Hang Seng index had added 3.9% by mid-afternoon trading. |
| Key indexes in Singapore, Australia and Taiwan were also higher. | Key indexes in Singapore, Australia and Taiwan were also higher. |
| Observers expect other world markets will also react well to the weekend developments. | Observers expect other world markets will also react well to the weekend developments. |
| In London, the FTSE 100 lost 7% last week - its worst showing in more than six years. On Wall Street, the Dow Jones index shed 4% across the previous five sessions. | In London, the FTSE 100 lost 7% last week - its worst showing in more than six years. On Wall Street, the Dow Jones index shed 4% across the previous five sessions. |
| "The markets are certainly going to rally today because investors are going to say 'Maybe we can see light at the end of the tunnel in terms of the credit crunch'", said Graham Neale of private stockbrokers Killick & Co. | "The markets are certainly going to rally today because investors are going to say 'Maybe we can see light at the end of the tunnel in terms of the credit crunch'", said Graham Neale of private stockbrokers Killick & Co. |
| US treasury statement on the future of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae | |
| "There have been calls on the US administration for some time to act more decisively but it has been playing it quite poker-faced so the news is a positive surprise for the markets. | "There have been calls on the US administration for some time to act more decisively but it has been playing it quite poker-faced so the news is a positive surprise for the markets. |
| "Whether it will actually prove to be the end of the credit crunch is difficult to say." | "Whether it will actually prove to be the end of the credit crunch is difficult to say." |
| Bankruptcy fears | Bankruptcy fears |
| The effective government takeover will lead to major changes in how the two mortgage giants are run. | The effective government takeover will lead to major changes in how the two mortgage giants are run. |
| As part of the changes, the management of the two companies will be replaced while the firms will be given access to extra funding to support their business going forward. | As part of the changes, the management of the two companies will be replaced while the firms will be given access to extra funding to support their business going forward. |
| HAVE YOUR SAYI have lost both faith and trust in banks Keith Ridgers, Cobham Send us your comments | HAVE YOUR SAYI have lost both faith and trust in banks Keith Ridgers, Cobham Send us your comments |
| Mr Paulson said the government was intervening in the wider interests of the financial system and of taxpayers since the financial position of the two firms was fast deteriorating. | Mr Paulson said the government was intervening in the wider interests of the financial system and of taxpayers since the financial position of the two firms was fast deteriorating. |
| The move is intended to keep the two companies afloat, amid fears that either could go bankrupt as borrowers default on their home loans. | The move is intended to keep the two companies afloat, amid fears that either could go bankrupt as borrowers default on their home loans. |
| Together, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae own or guarantee about $5.3 trillion (£3 trillion) of mortgages. | Together, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae own or guarantee about $5.3 trillion (£3 trillion) of mortgages. |
| But they have made a combined loss of about $14bn in the past year and officials were worried that they would no longer be able to continue functioning if such losses continued. | But they have made a combined loss of about $14bn in the past year and officials were worried that they would no longer be able to continue functioning if such losses continued. |
| Banks around the world are highly exposed to the two companies and therefore, given the febrile state of markets across the world, it had become dangerous for doubts to persist about whether they were viable and would be able to keep up the payments on their massive liabilities, says the BBC's business editor Robert Peston. | Banks around the world are highly exposed to the two companies and therefore, given the febrile state of markets across the world, it had become dangerous for doubts to persist about whether they were viable and would be able to keep up the payments on their massive liabilities, says the BBC's business editor Robert Peston. |
| A rescue plan passed by Congress in July gave the US government the authority to offer unlimited liquidity to the two companies, and to buy their shares, in order to keep them afloat. | A rescue plan passed by Congress in July gave the US government the authority to offer unlimited liquidity to the two companies, and to buy their shares, in order to keep them afloat. |