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| Version 2 | Version 3 |
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| Venezuela devalues currency and raises minimum wage by 3,000% | Venezuela devalues currency and raises minimum wage by 3,000% |
| (5 months later) | |
| Venezuela moved to shore up its crumbling economy on Monday, devaluing its currency and preparing to raise the minimum wage by more than 3,000% in what the country’s president, Nicolás Maduro, declared a visionary bid to tame rampant hyperinflation. | Venezuela moved to shore up its crumbling economy on Monday, devaluing its currency and preparing to raise the minimum wage by more than 3,000% in what the country’s president, Nicolás Maduro, declared a visionary bid to tame rampant hyperinflation. |
| More than 500,000 Venezuelans have fled overseas this year amid chronic shortages of food and medicine, soaring crime and warnings from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that inflation could hit 1m% this year. | More than 500,000 Venezuelans have fled overseas this year amid chronic shortages of food and medicine, soaring crime and warnings from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that inflation could hit 1m% this year. |
| But on Friday Maduro unveiled a dramatic raft of measures designed to end a depression he blames on an “economic war” being waged by imperialist foes of the Bolivarian revolution he inherited after Hugo Chávez’s 2013 death. | But on Friday Maduro unveiled a dramatic raft of measures designed to end a depression he blames on an “economic war” being waged by imperialist foes of the Bolivarian revolution he inherited after Hugo Chávez’s 2013 death. |
| “I want the country to recover and I have the formula. Trust me,” Maduro said in a televised address from the presidential palace, adding, ominously, that “no experts were involved” in the elaboration of that plan. | “I want the country to recover and I have the formula. Trust me,” Maduro said in a televised address from the presidential palace, adding, ominously, that “no experts were involved” in the elaboration of that plan. |
| Maduro began to implement his blueprint – known as the “programme for recovery, growth and economic prosperity” – on Monday, claiming it would represent an inflection point for his once wealthy nation. | Maduro began to implement his blueprint – known as the “programme for recovery, growth and economic prosperity” – on Monday, claiming it would represent an inflection point for his once wealthy nation. |
| “We are going to begin a process of recovery in the coming days, weeks and months,” Venezuela’s 55-year-old leader vowed on Sunday in a live Facebook broadcast. “It is a revolutionary formula … unique in the world!” | “We are going to begin a process of recovery in the coming days, weeks and months,” Venezuela’s 55-year-old leader vowed on Sunday in a live Facebook broadcast. “It is a revolutionary formula … unique in the world!” |
| The recovery package includes measures such as raising taxes, increasing petrol prices for some drivers, and introducing a rebranded currency – the sovereign bolívar – which will have five fewer zeros than its inflation-stricken predecessor, the bolívar. | The recovery package includes measures such as raising taxes, increasing petrol prices for some drivers, and introducing a rebranded currency – the sovereign bolívar – which will have five fewer zeros than its inflation-stricken predecessor, the bolívar. |
| “Venezuela is going to experience an economic miracle,” Maduro boasted. | “Venezuela is going to experience an economic miracle,” Maduro boasted. |
| Economists and opposition figures, who are calling a nationwide strike for Tuesday in protest, are sceptical the plan will fix an economy so broken that a Venezuelan version of Who Wants to be a Millionaire had to be scrapped because the prize had become so worthless. | Economists and opposition figures, who are calling a nationwide strike for Tuesday in protest, are sceptical the plan will fix an economy so broken that a Venezuelan version of Who Wants to be a Millionaire had to be scrapped because the prize had become so worthless. |
| A recent survey found that about 90% of Venezuelans now live in poverty while more than 60% admitted to waking up hungry because they lacked the means to buy food. | A recent survey found that about 90% of Venezuelans now live in poverty while more than 60% admitted to waking up hungry because they lacked the means to buy food. |
| Henrique Capriles, a prominent opposition leader, denounced Maduro’s move as a Venezuelan “Black Friday” that would go down as one of the darkest days for the country’s already reeling economy. | Henrique Capriles, a prominent opposition leader, denounced Maduro’s move as a Venezuelan “Black Friday” that would go down as one of the darkest days for the country’s already reeling economy. |
| “The government has decided to thrust us into one final disaster,” Capriles wrote in an online essay in which he accused Maduro of plunging the oil-rich nation into “the greatest tragedy in its history”. | “The government has decided to thrust us into one final disaster,” Capriles wrote in an online essay in which he accused Maduro of plunging the oil-rich nation into “the greatest tragedy in its history”. |
| Another opposition leader, Andrés Velásquez, said: “The measures announced on Friday are not any economic recovery plan for the country. On the contrary, they represent more hunger, more ruin, more poverty, more suffering, more pain, more inflation, more deterioration of the economy.” | Another opposition leader, Andrés Velásquez, said: “The measures announced on Friday are not any economic recovery plan for the country. On the contrary, they represent more hunger, more ruin, more poverty, more suffering, more pain, more inflation, more deterioration of the economy.” |
| Henkel García, director of the Caracas-based consultancy Econometrica, told Bloomberg Maduro’s plan was “a head-scratcher”. “This series of measures is a mix of incoherent and contradictory ideas … It is a worrying contraption that generates a lot of uncertainty about how it will be executed,” he said. | Henkel García, director of the Caracas-based consultancy Econometrica, told Bloomberg Maduro’s plan was “a head-scratcher”. “This series of measures is a mix of incoherent and contradictory ideas … It is a worrying contraption that generates a lot of uncertainty about how it will be executed,” he said. |
| During Sunday’s Facebook broadcast, Maduro claimed he was ushering in a period of “definite and necessary economic change”. He alleged the recent botched attempt to assassinate him with explosive-laden drones was intended to thwart this bright new economic dawn. “I’m alive … and I am ready to give my whole life for the recovery and economic prosperity and growth of this country,” he said. | During Sunday’s Facebook broadcast, Maduro claimed he was ushering in a period of “definite and necessary economic change”. He alleged the recent botched attempt to assassinate him with explosive-laden drones was intended to thwart this bright new economic dawn. “I’m alive … and I am ready to give my whole life for the recovery and economic prosperity and growth of this country,” he said. |
| “Everything will work out. I have such great faith. I love Venezuela profoundly and I know when you turn love into politics miracles can happen.” | “Everything will work out. I have such great faith. I love Venezuela profoundly and I know when you turn love into politics miracles can happen.” |
| The estimated 2.3m Venezuelan citizens who have abandoned their country since 2015 – mostly for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru - have no such optimism. | The estimated 2.3m Venezuelan citizens who have abandoned their country since 2015 – mostly for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru - have no such optimism. |
| “The situation is critical and it will get worse,” predicted Marisela Guédez, a 38-year-old civil servant who fled through Colombia into the Ecuadorian border town of Tulcán last week, having sold her hair for 100,000 pesos (about £26) in order to pay for the journey. | “The situation is critical and it will get worse,” predicted Marisela Guédez, a 38-year-old civil servant who fled through Colombia into the Ecuadorian border town of Tulcán last week, having sold her hair for 100,000 pesos (about £26) in order to pay for the journey. |
| “I never, ever thought about leaving Venezuela – not once,” added the homeless mother-of-five, who had left her children behind in Caracas. “Venezuela was such a rich country.” | “I never, ever thought about leaving Venezuela – not once,” added the homeless mother-of-five, who had left her children behind in Caracas. “Venezuela was such a rich country.” |
| Reinaldo Rivera, a 33-year-old from Maracaibo who had moved to the same border town, said skipping the country with his wife and 18-month-old son had been the only way of keeping them all alive. | Reinaldo Rivera, a 33-year-old from Maracaibo who had moved to the same border town, said skipping the country with his wife and 18-month-old son had been the only way of keeping them all alive. |
| “In Venezuela you work for a month and it only allows you to eat for two days,” he said. “It was almost a question of life or death ... I said: ‘Either we get out of Venezuela or we die of hunger.’” | “In Venezuela you work for a month and it only allows you to eat for two days,” he said. “It was almost a question of life or death ... I said: ‘Either we get out of Venezuela or we die of hunger.’” |
| On a recent afternoon Maria Consuelo Garcia López, a Dominican nun who helps run a soup-kitchen for economic exiles near Ecuador’s border with Colombia, served lunch to hundreds of famished and penniless Venezuelans who had taken the same decision. | On a recent afternoon Maria Consuelo Garcia López, a Dominican nun who helps run a soup-kitchen for economic exiles near Ecuador’s border with Colombia, served lunch to hundreds of famished and penniless Venezuelans who had taken the same decision. |
| “How could we just cross our arms and do nothing?” she said. “These people arrive with nothing but their suffering.” | “How could we just cross our arms and do nothing?” she said. “These people arrive with nothing but their suffering.” |
| Oliver Stuenkel, an international relations specialist from Brazil’s Fundação Getulio Vargas, predicted the exodus was likely to accelerate further a result of this week’s economic changes. “Maduro’s economic reforms - particularly the dramatic increase of the minimum wage - are likely to have a terrible effect on employment, increasing the number of those leaving Venezuela,” he tweeted. | Oliver Stuenkel, an international relations specialist from Brazil’s Fundação Getulio Vargas, predicted the exodus was likely to accelerate further a result of this week’s economic changes. “Maduro’s economic reforms - particularly the dramatic increase of the minimum wage - are likely to have a terrible effect on employment, increasing the number of those leaving Venezuela,” he tweeted. |
| Those migrants are likely to face growing obstacles. In recent months Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru have all made life more difficult for Venezuelans wishing to enter their territory. | Those migrants are likely to face growing obstacles. In recent months Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru have all made life more difficult for Venezuelans wishing to enter their territory. |
| On Monday the northern Brazilian state of Roraima called on the country’s supreme court to halt the entry of Venezuelan immigrants following anti-immigrant riots on the weekend that saw about 1,200 Venezuelans forced back over the border. | On Monday the northern Brazilian state of Roraima called on the country’s supreme court to halt the entry of Venezuelan immigrants following anti-immigrant riots on the weekend that saw about 1,200 Venezuelans forced back over the border. |
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