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Brexit: What is an economic forecast? | Brexit: What is an economic forecast? |
(about 3 hours later) | |
The government has published its official economic analysis of the impact of its Brexit deal. | |
It suggests the government's version of Brexit could leave the size of the UK economy up to 3.9% smaller after 15 years, compared with staying in the EU. | |
But a no-deal Brexit could deliver a 9.3% hit - according to the forecast. | |
Separately, the Bank of England is due to publish its Brexit assessment at 1630 GMT. | |
But what exactly do economists mean by "forecasts" and how accurate are they? | But what exactly do economists mean by "forecasts" and how accurate are they? |
What is a forecast? | What is a forecast? |
A forecast is not a guess. It is a calculation made by economists of the most likely thing that will happen in the future, given all the facts available. | A forecast is not a guess. It is a calculation made by economists of the most likely thing that will happen in the future, given all the facts available. |
Historical experience, existing conditions, intended policy - the government approach to Brexit for example - and a variety of possible future events are fed into a computer model which then produces a range of different outcomes. | Historical experience, existing conditions, intended policy - the government approach to Brexit for example - and a variety of possible future events are fed into a computer model which then produces a range of different outcomes. |
The central forecast is the one that comes in the middle of the most extreme outcomes. | The central forecast is the one that comes in the middle of the most extreme outcomes. |
Can they be wrong? | Can they be wrong? |
In one respect a forecast is a bit like rolling two dice. The most common number you are likely to throw is a seven - that would be the central forecast. | In one respect a forecast is a bit like rolling two dice. The most common number you are likely to throw is a seven - that would be the central forecast. |
Now, you could get two or you could get 12. That doesn't mean that the forecast of seven was wrong, it was just that a more unlikely outcome happened. | Now, you could get two or you could get 12. That doesn't mean that the forecast of seven was wrong, it was just that a more unlikely outcome happened. |
Forecasts contain what is called a "distribution" - that is an upper and lower figure to show a range of possibilities. | Forecasts contain what is called a "distribution" - that is an upper and lower figure to show a range of possibilities. |
So, it's random, like dice-throwing? | So, it's random, like dice-throwing? |
No, a forecast is more than a roll of the dice, which is random. It's a calculation based on experience, facts, judgement and statistics. | No, a forecast is more than a roll of the dice, which is random. It's a calculation based on experience, facts, judgement and statistics. |
On trade, for example, there are plenty of statistics which show the economic effects of more open trade between countries or more barriers to trade. | On trade, for example, there are plenty of statistics which show the economic effects of more open trade between countries or more barriers to trade. |
A forecast is an attempt to use past events to predict the future (not always with complete precision) and is seen as useful in showing a direction of travel - better for the economy or worse - given what we know historically. | A forecast is an attempt to use past events to predict the future (not always with complete precision) and is seen as useful in showing a direction of travel - better for the economy or worse - given what we know historically. |
Read more from Reality Check | Read more from Reality Check |
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