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| France Declares Strasbourg Shooting to Be an Act of Terrorism | France Declares Strasbourg Shooting to Be an Act of Terrorism |
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| STRASBOURG, France — The shooting at a crowded street market in Strasbourg, France, was an act of terrorism, officials said Wednesday, as the police continued an intensive search for the gunman who killed at least two people and wounded 12 others. | STRASBOURG, France — The shooting at a crowded street market in Strasbourg, France, was an act of terrorism, officials said Wednesday, as the police continued an intensive search for the gunman who killed at least two people and wounded 12 others. |
| Rémy Heitz, the Paris prosecutor, who handles terrorism investigations nationwide, said at a news conference in Strasbourg on Wednesday that witnesses had heard the attacker yell “Allahu akbar,” or “God is great” in Arabic, and that the targets and the suspect’s profile justified the opening of a terrorism investigation. | Rémy Heitz, the Paris prosecutor, who handles terrorism investigations nationwide, said at a news conference in Strasbourg on Wednesday that witnesses had heard the attacker yell “Allahu akbar,” or “God is great” in Arabic, and that the targets and the suspect’s profile justified the opening of a terrorism investigation. |
| Officials said the man suspected of carrying out the shooting had a criminal record and had served time in prison. More than 700 members of the security forces are now searching for the suspect in Strasbourg, the French interior minister said. | Officials said the man suspected of carrying out the shooting had a criminal record and had served time in prison. More than 700 members of the security forces are now searching for the suspect in Strasbourg, the French interior minister said. |
| “He had been incarcerated multiple times and was known to the prison administration for his radicalization and his proselytizing attitude,” Mr. Heitz said of the suspect, identified only as Chérif C., 29, who was born in Strasbourg. He was released from prison in late 2015. | “He had been incarcerated multiple times and was known to the prison administration for his radicalization and his proselytizing attitude,” Mr. Heitz said of the suspect, identified only as Chérif C., 29, who was born in Strasbourg. He was released from prison in late 2015. |
| Chérif C. was one of about 20,000 people flagged for possible radicalization by the French security services, and was also flagged with what is known in France as a Fiche S, or an S File, Mr. Heitz said. Four people in the suspect’s entourage were taken into custody overnight, he added. | Chérif C. was one of about 20,000 people flagged for possible radicalization by the French security services, and was also flagged with what is known in France as a Fiche S, or an S File, Mr. Heitz said. Four people in the suspect’s entourage were taken into custody overnight, he added. |
| The attack Tuesday night hit one of France’s most popular Christmas markets, unleashing chaos among the thousands of people milling around the vendors’ stalls dotting Strasbourg’s historical neighborhood. | The attack Tuesday night hit one of France’s most popular Christmas markets, unleashing chaos among the thousands of people milling around the vendors’ stalls dotting Strasbourg’s historical neighborhood. |
| [Read more about the deadly attack on the Strasbourg Christmas market.] | [Read more about the deadly attack on the Strasbourg Christmas market.] |
| The authorities initially said that the gunman killed three people, but Mr. Heitz later revised that death toll, specifying that two people were killed and that one was currently brain dead. Six people were seriously wounded, he said. | The authorities initially said that the gunman killed three people, but Mr. Heitz later revised that death toll, specifying that two people were killed and that one was currently brain dead. Six people were seriously wounded, he said. |
| City officials said the two people who were killed were a French person and a Thai citizen. | City officials said the two people who were killed were a French person and a Thai citizen. |
| Among those injured was the daughter of a couple who own a cheese chop in the Rue des Orfèvres, a narrow street near the city’s cathedral, where the attacker opened fire. | Among those injured was the daughter of a couple who own a cheese chop in the Rue des Orfèvres, a narrow street near the city’s cathedral, where the attacker opened fire. |
| “Today our daughter Jeanne was the victim of a coward,” Christelle Lorho said in a message posted on Facebook. “We are lucky that she is still among us.” | “Today our daughter Jeanne was the victim of a coward,” Christelle Lorho said in a message posted on Facebook. “We are lucky that she is still among us.” |
| The shooting recalled other attacks in recent years by Islamist extremists in France, Belgium and other parts of Europe. Benjamin Griveaux, the French government spokesman, said after a cabinet meeting in Paris on Wednesday that President Emmanuel Macron had warned that “the terrorist threat is still at the heart of our nation’s life.” | The shooting recalled other attacks in recent years by Islamist extremists in France, Belgium and other parts of Europe. Benjamin Griveaux, the French government spokesman, said after a cabinet meeting in Paris on Wednesday that President Emmanuel Macron had warned that “the terrorist threat is still at the heart of our nation’s life.” |
| The Strasbourg market remained closed on Wednesday, leaving the city center mostly empty and cordoned off by security forces. Sports centers, cultural institutions and many shops in the area were also closed, and security checks were reinforced around the city center, with private security guards checking bags and police forces patrolling on every bridge. | The Strasbourg market remained closed on Wednesday, leaving the city center mostly empty and cordoned off by security forces. Sports centers, cultural institutions and many shops in the area were also closed, and security checks were reinforced around the city center, with private security guards checking bags and police forces patrolling on every bridge. |
| Some witnesses of the attack first wondered whether the panic on Tuesday night was related to the “Yellow Vest” protests that have turned violent in recent weeks. | Some witnesses of the attack first wondered whether the panic on Tuesday night was related to the “Yellow Vest” protests that have turned violent in recent weeks. |
| “It might be the biggest Christmas market in France — you’d never think of an attack when you hear the first gunshots,” said Marc Meyer, 32, who was standing by the market’s giant Christmas tree when he saw a panicked crowd rushing toward him around 8 p.m. “You think of a street show, you think of some agitation from the Yellow Vests, but you don’t think that an attack is happening.” | “It might be the biggest Christmas market in France — you’d never think of an attack when you hear the first gunshots,” said Marc Meyer, 32, who was standing by the market’s giant Christmas tree when he saw a panicked crowd rushing toward him around 8 p.m. “You think of a street show, you think of some agitation from the Yellow Vests, but you don’t think that an attack is happening.” |
| Jamel Beli, who was sitting on a nearby terrace when he heard the first gunshots, also thought the Yellow Vests were behind the agitation. “It was so, so crowded,” said Mr. Beli, 42. “It could very well have been carnage.” | Jamel Beli, who was sitting on a nearby terrace when he heard the first gunshots, also thought the Yellow Vests were behind the agitation. “It was so, so crowded,” said Mr. Beli, 42. “It could very well have been carnage.” |
| Mr. Heitz, the prosecutor, said that the gunman was first seen shortly before 8 p.m. on the Rue des Orfèvres, in the heart of the Christmas market. He then moved through several streets, attacking with a handgun and a knife as he went. | Mr. Heitz, the prosecutor, said that the gunman was first seen shortly before 8 p.m. on the Rue des Orfèvres, in the heart of the Christmas market. He then moved through several streets, attacking with a handgun and a knife as he went. |
| Four soldiers on patrol shot at him, wounding him in the arm, Mr. Heitz said, but the attacker was able to escape and took a taxi to another area of Strasbourg. The driver told the police that the gunman had described the attack to him and tried to justify it. After exiting the taxi, the attacker came across more police officers, who shot at him but lost track of him. | Four soldiers on patrol shot at him, wounding him in the arm, Mr. Heitz said, but the attacker was able to escape and took a taxi to another area of Strasbourg. The driver told the police that the gunman had described the attack to him and tried to justify it. After exiting the taxi, the attacker came across more police officers, who shot at him but lost track of him. |
| The taxi driver’s account helped the police to identify Chérif C. as the suspect, Mr. Heitz said. Tuesday morning, before the attack, the police had raided Chérif C.’s home in an unrelated murder investigation and found a defensive grenade, a rifle, ammunition and several knives. He was not at his home during the raid. | The taxi driver’s account helped the police to identify Chérif C. as the suspect, Mr. Heitz said. Tuesday morning, before the attack, the police had raided Chérif C.’s home in an unrelated murder investigation and found a defensive grenade, a rifle, ammunition and several knives. He was not at his home during the raid. |
| Laurent Nuñez, France’s junior interior minister, told France Inter radio that it was possible that the suspect had fled into Germany, which is just across the Rhine from Strasbourg, and that border checks had been strengthened immediately after the shooting. | Laurent Nuñez, France’s junior interior minister, told France Inter radio that it was possible that the suspect had fled into Germany, which is just across the Rhine from Strasbourg, and that border checks had been strengthened immediately after the shooting. |
| Mr. Nuñez said that Chérif C. had never been convicted of terrorism and did not appear to have tried to go to Syria. Still, Mr. Heitz, the prosecutor, said that the suspect had an extensive criminal record, with 27 convictions, mostly for robberies and assaults, in France, Germany and Switzerland. | Mr. Nuñez said that Chérif C. had never been convicted of terrorism and did not appear to have tried to go to Syria. Still, Mr. Heitz, the prosecutor, said that the suspect had an extensive criminal record, with 27 convictions, mostly for robberies and assaults, in France, Germany and Switzerland. |
| Being flagged with an S file — the “S” stands for La Sûreté de l’État, or security of the state — does not mean that the person has been convicted of an offense or is even suspected of one. Instead, it is a way for French security forces to keep track of a wide range of people who are thought to potentially pose a security threat, in some cases merely because they are acquainted with someone else under watch. | Being flagged with an S file — the “S” stands for La Sûreté de l’État, or security of the state — does not mean that the person has been convicted of an offense or is even suspected of one. Instead, it is a way for French security forces to keep track of a wide range of people who are thought to potentially pose a security threat, in some cases merely because they are acquainted with someone else under watch. |
| “The S File can target individuals who aren’t very dangerous, and it is used only to watch their movements and trips around the country,” Mr. Nuñez said. “It isn’t a criterion of dangerousness.” | “The S File can target individuals who aren’t very dangerous, and it is used only to watch their movements and trips around the country,” Mr. Nuñez said. “It isn’t a criterion of dangerousness.” |
| It was not the first time that Strasbourg faced instances of radicalization in its youth. | It was not the first time that Strasbourg faced instances of radicalization in its youth. |
| Delphine Rideau, the head of Maison des Adolescents, an organization in Strasbourg that helps local youth and that is involved in the prevention of radicalization, said that there had been several cases of radicalized individuals in Strasbourg, although not all were violent. | Delphine Rideau, the head of Maison des Adolescents, an organization in Strasbourg that helps local youth and that is involved in the prevention of radicalization, said that there had been several cases of radicalized individuals in Strasbourg, although not all were violent. |
| “We’ve seen petty criminals who became radicalized all of sudden, and others who were isolated, abandoned, and lost ground,” she said. | “We’ve seen petty criminals who became radicalized all of sudden, and others who were isolated, abandoned, and lost ground,” she said. |
| One of the gunmen in the Bataclan concert hall, one of the sites of the November 2015 attacks in and around Paris, was originally from the Strasbourg area, and French intelligence officers in 2016 detained seven men, five of them in Strasbourg, who were preparing to “go into action imminently.” | One of the gunmen in the Bataclan concert hall, one of the sites of the November 2015 attacks in and around Paris, was originally from the Strasbourg area, and French intelligence officers in 2016 detained seven men, five of them in Strasbourg, who were preparing to “go into action imminently.” |
| Robert Hermann, the president of the Strasbourg Eurométropole, a grouping of city councils in the region, said that the Christmas market was the city’s most secured event of the year, but that “zero risk” was impossible. The Bas-Rhin Department, which includes Strasbourg, has less than 2 percent of France’s total population but about 10 percent of people flagged with an S File, he said, adding that monitoring everyone all the time was impossible. | Robert Hermann, the president of the Strasbourg Eurométropole, a grouping of city councils in the region, said that the Christmas market was the city’s most secured event of the year, but that “zero risk” was impossible. The Bas-Rhin Department, which includes Strasbourg, has less than 2 percent of France’s total population but about 10 percent of people flagged with an S File, he said, adding that monitoring everyone all the time was impossible. |
| “Some are intellectuals who convert people, others are ideologists who will take action, other get radicalized in prison,” Mr. Hermann said. “The profile of the main suspect is even more complex.” | “Some are intellectuals who convert people, others are ideologists who will take action, other get radicalized in prison,” Mr. Hermann said. “The profile of the main suspect is even more complex.” |
| “The air is heavy, and people will be afraid as long as the attacker hasn’t been arrested,” he added. | “The air is heavy, and people will be afraid as long as the attacker hasn’t been arrested,” he added. |
| The Strasbourg Christmas market, which started in 1570, is one of France’s most popular winter events. The historic city center, where the market is held, is surrounded by a river and a canal, and is accessible only by bridges or a tramway. | The Strasbourg Christmas market, which started in 1570, is one of France’s most popular winter events. The historic city center, where the market is held, is surrounded by a river and a canal, and is accessible only by bridges or a tramway. |
| This year, the market opened on Nov. 23 and was expected to continue through Dec. 30. In the past few years, it has attracted more than 2.5 million visitors per year, and the authorities have tightened security, including by deploying undercover police officers. | |
| The Strasbourg mayor, Roland Ries, said at a news conference that he planned to reopen the market on Thursday if security conditions allowed it. One street reopened to the public Wednesday afternoon, and dozens of people laid flowers on the ground near where the shooting took place. | The Strasbourg mayor, Roland Ries, said at a news conference that he planned to reopen the market on Thursday if security conditions allowed it. One street reopened to the public Wednesday afternoon, and dozens of people laid flowers on the ground near where the shooting took place. |
| “Today we are mourning,” Mr. Ries said. “But I hope that, as soon as tomorrow, we can resume our normal lives.” | “Today we are mourning,” Mr. Ries said. “But I hope that, as soon as tomorrow, we can resume our normal lives.” |