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US scientists may have uncovered a reason why heart attacks and strokes occur most often in the early hours.US scientists may have uncovered a reason why heart attacks and strokes occur most often in the early hours.
The Emory University team say daily rhythms in the activity of cells that line blood vessels may be key. The Emory University team say daily rhythms in the activity of cells found in blood vessels may be key.
They found the activity of these cells was at its lowest ebb in the early hours of the morning.They found the activity of these cells was at its lowest ebb in the early hours of the morning.
The study, presented to an American Heart Association conference, suggests this might make blood vessels less able to relax, raising the risk of problems.The study, presented to an American Heart Association conference, suggests this might make blood vessels less able to relax, raising the risk of problems.
We all have circadian rhythms, an internal body clock, and that this causes alterations in the biochemistry of our body Ellen MasonBritish Heart FoundationWe all have circadian rhythms, an internal body clock, and that this causes alterations in the biochemistry of our body Ellen MasonBritish Heart Foundation
Cells called endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow are thought to play an important role in maintaining the lining of the blood vessels. Some scientists believe cells dubbed endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow play an important role in maintaining the lining of the blood vessels.
These cells are essentially stem cells that help replace the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels at the site of an injury, and build new vessels at sites deprived of adequate blood supply. They believe these cells are essentially stem cells that help replace the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels at the site of an injury, and build new vessels at sites deprived of adequate blood supply.
However, the role of the cells is hotly disputed in scientific circles - it may be that instead of having a direct role in keeping the blood vessels healthy, they work to aid other nearby cells to perform the function.
The Emory team looked to see whether cell activity, and the properties of the blood vessels changed at different times of the day.The Emory team looked to see whether cell activity, and the properties of the blood vessels changed at different times of the day.
They tested 12 healthy middle aged volunteers every four hours throughout a 24-hour period.They tested 12 healthy middle aged volunteers every four hours throughout a 24-hour period.
Midnight peakMidnight peak
Both the ability of the blood vessels to relax and EPCs' ability to grow peaked at midnight, while cell numbers peaked at 2000. After that all three measures began to fall away.Both the ability of the blood vessels to relax and EPCs' ability to grow peaked at midnight, while cell numbers peaked at 2000. After that all three measures began to fall away.
Lead researcher Dr Ibhar Al Mheid said: "The lining of our vessels appears to function better at night.Lead researcher Dr Ibhar Al Mheid said: "The lining of our vessels appears to function better at night.
"Endothelial function is particularly depressed in the early morning hours.""Endothelial function is particularly depressed in the early morning hours."
Dr Al Mheid said the results suggested that control was linked to daily, or circadian, rhythms in the brain.Dr Al Mheid said the results suggested that control was linked to daily, or circadian, rhythms in the brain.
Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: "It has been known for a long time that the number of people having heart attacks seems to peak in the mornings, and researchers continue to try to better understand the mechanisms in the body that could cause this to occur.Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: "It has been known for a long time that the number of people having heart attacks seems to peak in the mornings, and researchers continue to try to better understand the mechanisms in the body that could cause this to occur.
"What is known is that we all have circadian rhythms, an internal body clock, and that this causes alterations in the biochemistry of our body."What is known is that we all have circadian rhythms, an internal body clock, and that this causes alterations in the biochemistry of our body.
"As this study is small, it is important that continuing research looks into how the lining of blood vessels may be affected as we come into the day from the night.""As this study is small, it is important that continuing research looks into how the lining of blood vessels may be affected as we come into the day from the night."