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| Japan’s Hayabusa2 Spacecraft Lands on Ryugu Asteroid | Japan’s Hayabusa2 Spacecraft Lands on Ryugu Asteroid |
| (about 1 hour later) | |
| Tonight, a Japanese spacecraft completed a touchdown on the surface of an asteroid, where it fired a bullet at the rock’s surface rock. A successful mission could help advance understanding of how our planet formed in the early solar system. | Tonight, a Japanese spacecraft completed a touchdown on the surface of an asteroid, where it fired a bullet at the rock’s surface rock. A successful mission could help advance understanding of how our planet formed in the early solar system. |
| Since last year, Hayabusa2, the Japanese probe, has been studying the asteroid called Ryugu. It surveyed the object’s surface, and in the following months landed multiple robotic probes on its rocky terrain. All that work was done to support the aim of Thursday’s operation (Friday in Japan) where it attempted to collect samples from Ryugu’s surface and later bring them home to Earth. Other attempts could be made in the near future. | Since last year, Hayabusa2, the Japanese probe, has been studying the asteroid called Ryugu. It surveyed the object’s surface, and in the following months landed multiple robotic probes on its rocky terrain. All that work was done to support the aim of Thursday’s operation (Friday in Japan) where it attempted to collect samples from Ryugu’s surface and later bring them home to Earth. Other attempts could be made in the near future. |
| [Sign up to get reminders for space and astronomy events on your calendar.] | [Sign up to get reminders for space and astronomy events on your calendar.] |
| Hayabusa2 tried to collect material from the rugged surface of the asteroid with a device called a sampler horn. | Hayabusa2 tried to collect material from the rugged surface of the asteroid with a device called a sampler horn. |
| To make small enough fragments, the spacecraft would have fired a projectile made of the metal tantalum — basically a bullet — at the asteroid’s surface. Earlier this month, the mission’s managers reported their simulation of this procedure on Earth to demonstrate that it would be able to succeed. | To make small enough fragments, the spacecraft would have fired a projectile made of the metal tantalum — basically a bullet — at the asteroid’s surface. Earlier this month, the mission’s managers reported their simulation of this procedure on Earth to demonstrate that it would be able to succeed. |
| The landing and attempted collection didn’t take long — about one second, according to the Planetary Society. Hayabusa2 then rose from the surface and began it return to a safe distance near Ryugu. | The landing and attempted collection didn’t take long — about one second, according to the Planetary Society. Hayabusa2 then rose from the surface and began it return to a safe distance near Ryugu. |
| The spacecraft is carrying multiple projectiles so it can make more than one attempt at a touchdown. In March or April, Hayabusa2 is also expected to send an explosive package called a Small Carry-on Impactor to Ryugu’s surface to make an artificial crater. Hayabusa2 might collect another sample of the material exposed in the crater. | |
| Asteroids are bits and pieces leftover from the disc of gas and dust that formed around the young sun and never quite coalesced into a planet. They contain some almost pristine compounds that help tell what the early solar system was like 4.5 billion years ago. | Asteroids are bits and pieces leftover from the disc of gas and dust that formed around the young sun and never quite coalesced into a planet. They contain some almost pristine compounds that help tell what the early solar system was like 4.5 billion years ago. |
| Ryugu, as dark as coal, is a C-type, or carbonaceous, asteroid, meaning it is full of carbon molecules known as organics including possibly amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Such molecules are not always associated with biology and can form from chemical reactions in deep space, but asteroids could have seeded Earth with the organic matter that led to life. | Ryugu, as dark as coal, is a C-type, or carbonaceous, asteroid, meaning it is full of carbon molecules known as organics including possibly amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Such molecules are not always associated with biology and can form from chemical reactions in deep space, but asteroids could have seeded Earth with the organic matter that led to life. |
| About three-quarters of asteroids in the solar system fall into the C-type. | About three-quarters of asteroids in the solar system fall into the C-type. |
| This space rock was discovered in 1999 and not given a name until 2015. Ryugu is named after Ryugu-jo, or dragon’s palace — a magical undersea palace in a Japanese folk tale. | This space rock was discovered in 1999 and not given a name until 2015. Ryugu is named after Ryugu-jo, or dragon’s palace — a magical undersea palace in a Japanese folk tale. |
| Yes. The Osiris-Rex spacecraft is currently surveying another carbon-rich asteroid known as Bennu, and it too will collect samples and return them to Earth. Bennu is even smaller than Ryugu, about 500 yards wide. Osiris-rex will not return with its samples until 2023. | Yes. The Osiris-Rex spacecraft is currently surveying another carbon-rich asteroid known as Bennu, and it too will collect samples and return them to Earth. Bennu is even smaller than Ryugu, about 500 yards wide. Osiris-rex will not return with its samples until 2023. |
| NASA and Japanese scientists plan to exchange samples of the two asteroids to compare the similarities and differences. | NASA and Japanese scientists plan to exchange samples of the two asteroids to compare the similarities and differences. |
| As the 2 in Hayabusa2 indicates, this is the second time that JAXA, the Japanese space agency, has sent a spacecraft to an asteroid. | As the 2 in Hayabusa2 indicates, this is the second time that JAXA, the Japanese space agency, has sent a spacecraft to an asteroid. |
| Hayabusa2 is an improved version of Hayabusa, which visited a stony asteroid, Itokawa, in 2005. Despite several technical problems at Itokawa, Hayabusa returned a capsule to Earth in 2010 containing 1,500 particles from the asteroid. | Hayabusa2 is an improved version of Hayabusa, which visited a stony asteroid, Itokawa, in 2005. Despite several technical problems at Itokawa, Hayabusa returned a capsule to Earth in 2010 containing 1,500 particles from the asteroid. |