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Britain at risk of 'full-blown' recession as no-deal Brexit looms - business live Britain at risk of 'full-blown' recession as no-deal Brexit looms - business live
(32 minutes later)
Robert Chote adds that a no-deal Brexit would drive up inflation, due to new tariffs and the plunging pound
But the OBR predicts that the Bank of England could choose to cut interest rates, tolerating higher prices in the shops, to prop up the economy and bring output back to its potential.
The economic shock of no-deal would push up government borrowing would rise by around £30bn a year, Chote add.
Income tax and national insurance would fall (because jobs would be lost)
Capital tax receipts fall sharply due to falling house prices and fewer transactions
Debt spending would fall, though, due to lower interest rates
This chart shows the details (anything above the x-axis is an extra cost, below the line are savings).
Chote adds that the OBR assumes that the UK’s current payments into the EU budget are simply “recycled into domestic spending, including the divorce bill”.
Onto Brexit!
Robert Chote says the OBR’s economics have crunched the fiscal impact of a no-deal Brexit, and concluded that it would push the UK economy into recession.
In a timely warning to Boris Johnson and Jeremy Hunt, he says:
The big picture is that heightened uncertainty and declining confidence deter investment, higher trade barriers with the EU weigh on domestic and foreign demand, while the pound and other asset prices fall sharply.
These factors combine to push the economy into recession.
These charts (based on the IMF’s latest work) show the scale of the damage:
The OBR has also looked at the risk that climate change poses to the UK’s finances.
OBR chief Robert Chote tells the press conference that the scale of the risks depends hugely on the extent to which global temperatures rise (fair enough!).
If the targets outlined in the Paris Agreement are met, then climate change could be less costly than other threats, Chote suggests.
However...
But if global mitigation fails, and temperature rises are more significant, the risks could be greater and harder to assess.
This would make mass international migration and induced period of conflict more likely.
OBR chief Robert Chote is now outlining a list of spending risks that could threaten the UK.
Medium term risks include: austerity fatigue, health spending and welfare reforms.
Long-term risks include social care costs, Britain’s ageing population, and the pensions ‘triple-lock’ (under which pensions rise by inflation, wage growth, or at least 2%).
On social care, Chote says it would be “nice” to present some new analysis, but as the government’s response to the Dilnot Review has been languishing in Whitehall for years, the OBR can’t crunch the numbers.
He also tacitly criticises the decision to remove free TV licences from over-75s, saying it is “unusual” to delegate decisions about welfare benefits to a broadcasting company [the BBC].
Our economics editor Larry Elliott has swiftly analysed the OBR’s Brexit forecasts, and reports:Our economics editor Larry Elliott has swiftly analysed the OBR’s Brexit forecasts, and reports:
A no-deal Brexit would plunge Britain into a recession that would shrink the economy by two per cent by the end of next year, according to the Government’s independent forecasting body.A no-deal Brexit would plunge Britain into a recession that would shrink the economy by two per cent by the end of next year, according to the Government’s independent forecasting body.
The Office for Budget Responsibility said increased uncertainty and falling confidence would deter investment and hit trade.The Office for Budget Responsibility said increased uncertainty and falling confidence would deter investment and hit trade.
In its latest Fiscal Risks Report the OBR said: “Together, these push the economy into recession, with asset prices and the pound falling sharply.“In its latest Fiscal Risks Report the OBR said: “Together, these push the economy into recession, with asset prices and the pound falling sharply.“
Real GDP falls by 2% by the end of 2020 and is 4% below our March forecast by that point.”Real GDP falls by 2% by the end of 2020 and is 4% below our March forecast by that point.”
Up until now the OBR has been assuming a smooth Brexit when coming up with its forecasts but it said the willingness of both Boris Johnson and Jeremy Hunt to contemplate a no deal departure meant it was stress testing alternative scenarios.Up until now the OBR has been assuming a smooth Brexit when coming up with its forecasts but it said the willingness of both Boris Johnson and Jeremy Hunt to contemplate a no deal departure meant it was stress testing alternative scenarios.
The OBR said leaving without a deal would add £30bn a year to borrowing from 2020-1 onwards and lift the net debt by 12% of GDP by 2023-4.The OBR said leaving without a deal would add £30bn a year to borrowing from 2020-1 onwards and lift the net debt by 12% of GDP by 2023-4.
“A more disruptive or disorderly scenario could hit the public finances much harder” the OBR said.“A more disruptive or disorderly scenario could hit the public finances much harder” the OBR said.
The OBR used the IMF model of the economy to make its forecasts.The OBR used the IMF model of the economy to make its forecasts.
OBR chief Robert Chote says that the UK economy may have shrunk in the last quarter, partly because of Brexit stockpiling earlier in 2019.OBR chief Robert Chote says that the UK economy may have shrunk in the last quarter, partly because of Brexit stockpiling earlier in 2019.
This dragged activity forwards into January-March, as firms tried to hoard raw materials, parts, and finished goods in case of disruption at the ports.This dragged activity forwards into January-March, as firms tried to hoard raw materials, parts, and finished goods in case of disruption at the ports.
The OBR’s fiscal risks report is out, and as predicted it warns that Britain would be dragged into recession after a no-deal Brexit.The OBR’s fiscal risks report is out, and as predicted it warns that Britain would be dragged into recession after a no-deal Brexit.
Worryingly, Britain’s fiscal watchdog says that weak business surveys from June suggest that Britain may already be entering a “full-blown recession”.Worryingly, Britain’s fiscal watchdog says that weak business surveys from June suggest that Britain may already be entering a “full-blown recession”.
It warns:It warns:
Surveys were particularly weak in June, suggesting that the pace of growth is likely to remain weak. This raises the risk that the economy may be entering a full-blown recession.Surveys were particularly weak in June, suggesting that the pace of growth is likely to remain weak. This raises the risk that the economy may be entering a full-blown recession.
The fiscal risks posed by recessions depend on their depth and persistence, the sectors most deeply affected, and the pace at which the economy subsequently recoversThe fiscal risks posed by recessions depend on their depth and persistence, the sectors most deeply affected, and the pace at which the economy subsequently recovers
If Britain leaves the EU without a deal, the OBR explains that UK tax revenues would shrink, pushing up government borrowing.If Britain leaves the EU without a deal, the OBR explains that UK tax revenues would shrink, pushing up government borrowing.
The OBR estimates that UK government borrowing would be around £30bn a year higher than planner in 2020-21, based on the International Monetary Fund’s analysis from April (explained at 8.23am).The OBR estimates that UK government borrowing would be around £30bn a year higher than planner in 2020-21, based on the International Monetary Fund’s analysis from April (explained at 8.23am).
However, the OBR also warns that the IMF’s forecasts are ‘more benign’ than other views, and ‘by no means a worst-case scenario’. That suggests that a no-deal Brexit could be even worse than thought....However, the OBR also warns that the IMF’s forecasts are ‘more benign’ than other views, and ‘by no means a worst-case scenario’. That suggests that a no-deal Brexit could be even worse than thought....
The report is online here.The report is online here.
More to follow....More to follow....
The Office for Budget Responsibility will release its Fiscal risks report 2019 in a few minutes, followed by a press conference which will be streamed here:The Office for Budget Responsibility will release its Fiscal risks report 2019 in a few minutes, followed by a press conference which will be streamed here:
Some relief for UK holidaymakers heading abroad this summer - the pound is rising this morning.Some relief for UK holidaymakers heading abroad this summer - the pound is rising this morning.
Sterling has gained a third of a cent to $1.2467 against the US dollar, having hit a 27-month low below $1.24 on Wednesday.Sterling has gained a third of a cent to $1.2467 against the US dollar, having hit a 27-month low below $1.24 on Wednesday.
It’s also slightly higher against the euro at €1.109, having hit a six-month low this week amid no-deal Brexit fears.It’s also slightly higher against the euro at €1.109, having hit a six-month low this week amid no-deal Brexit fears.
On Wednesday, investment bank Morgan Stanley warned that the pound could plunge towards parity with the dollar - for the first time since the 1980s.On Wednesday, investment bank Morgan Stanley warned that the pound could plunge towards parity with the dollar - for the first time since the 1980s.
“The pound has come under intense selling pressure since Prime Minister May withdrew from her party leadership position, leaving markets with increased concern that the UK may be heading towards a harder Brexit.“The pound has come under intense selling pressure since Prime Minister May withdrew from her party leadership position, leaving markets with increased concern that the UK may be heading towards a harder Brexit.
Should this scenario materialise, pound-dollar could fall into the $1.00-$1.10 range.”Should this scenario materialise, pound-dollar could fall into the $1.00-$1.10 range.”
Pound could fall to parity with dollar on hard Brexit concernsPound could fall to parity with dollar on hard Brexit concerns
Conservative MP Rishi Sunak, a Boris Johnson supporter, thinks we should be sceptical about the OBR’s Brexit warnings:Conservative MP Rishi Sunak, a Boris Johnson supporter, thinks we should be sceptical about the OBR’s Brexit warnings:
Rishi Sunak @skynews on possibility of OBR predicting recession says "I do think we need to look at some of these forecasts with a pinch of salt".Says jobs/investment are booming despite "doom and gloom" predictions during the referendumRishi Sunak @skynews on possibility of OBR predicting recession says "I do think we need to look at some of these forecasts with a pinch of salt".Says jobs/investment are booming despite "doom and gloom" predictions during the referendum
True, employment is at a record high - although recent gains have been driven by more people taking self-employed, part-time roles.True, employment is at a record high - although recent gains have been driven by more people taking self-employed, part-time roles.
Plus, business investment has actually been weak since the 2016 referendum, as this chart from the Bank of England shows.Plus, business investment has actually been weak since the 2016 referendum, as this chart from the Bank of England shows.
Here’s some reaction to the OBR’s no-deal Brexit warning (even though it’s not been published yet).Here’s some reaction to the OBR’s no-deal Brexit warning (even though it’s not been published yet).
Neil Foster of the GMB Union hopes it will concentrate minds in Westminster:Neil Foster of the GMB Union hopes it will concentrate minds in Westminster:
No MP with any insight into the dark misery a recession causes should allow no deal. It’s sudden unemployment, debt, house repossessions, mental & physical ill-health & risk of family breakdown. Back in 2016 people wanted things to get better not worse. MPs must rule out no deal. https://t.co/vYustCucEHNo MP with any insight into the dark misery a recession causes should allow no deal. It’s sudden unemployment, debt, house repossessions, mental & physical ill-health & risk of family breakdown. Back in 2016 people wanted things to get better not worse. MPs must rule out no deal. https://t.co/vYustCucEH
Asset manager Trevor Greetham points out that leaving with a deal is expected to also slow the UK economy (although not by as much as a no-deal shock).Asset manager Trevor Greetham points out that leaving with a deal is expected to also slow the UK economy (although not by as much as a no-deal shock).
Let’s not forget this 3% slump is the estimated additional damage of No Deal. In total the Treasury estimates an economic hit of 8% when compared to staying in the EU. Another lost decade. pic.twitter.com/1nTtWFGB5LLet’s not forget this 3% slump is the estimated additional damage of No Deal. In total the Treasury estimates an economic hit of 8% when compared to staying in the EU. Another lost decade. pic.twitter.com/1nTtWFGB5L
Today’s OBR fiscal risks report will also analyse possible risks to the public finances from climate change.Today’s OBR fiscal risks report will also analyse possible risks to the public finances from climate change.
This may tackle the “tragedy of the horizon” - basically, once climate change becomes a defining issue for financial stability, it may already be too late [Bank of England governor Mark Carney gave a good speech on this recently]This may tackle the “tragedy of the horizon” - basically, once climate change becomes a defining issue for financial stability, it may already be too late [Bank of England governor Mark Carney gave a good speech on this recently]
Foreign secretary Jeremy Hunt is discussing Brexit on Radio 4’s Today Programme now, and admitted that No-Dealt could be a ‘short-term’ economic shockForeign secretary Jeremy Hunt is discussing Brexit on Radio 4’s Today Programme now, and admitted that No-Dealt could be a ‘short-term’ economic shock
Q: Will a no-deal Brexit be disastrous?Q: Will a no-deal Brexit be disastrous?
Hunt argues that the 2016 referendum must be implemented, despite economic costs, saying:Hunt argues that the 2016 referendum must be implemented, despite economic costs, saying:
I don’t think anyone should minimise the fact there will be economic consequences to no deal. but we should also recognise that we are a democracy.I don’t think anyone should minimise the fact there will be economic consequences to no deal. but we should also recognise that we are a democracy.
We must do what we are committed to do in the referendum,We must do what we are committed to do in the referendum,
Q: Democracy doesn’t pay for new schools and hospitals, money does. The chancellor says there is a £90bn cost from a no-deal Brexit over five years. [Brexiter Conservative MP] Jacob Rees-Mogg says we’d be richer. Who’s right?Q: Democracy doesn’t pay for new schools and hospitals, money does. The chancellor says there is a £90bn cost from a no-deal Brexit over five years. [Brexiter Conservative MP] Jacob Rees-Mogg says we’d be richer. Who’s right?
Hunt argues that Britain could ride out the ‘shock’ of leaving the EU without a withdrawal agreement.Hunt argues that Britain could ride out the ‘shock’ of leaving the EU without a withdrawal agreement.
Even with the shock of a no-deal Brexit, over time we could make it work and we could flourish and prosper and we could indeed become richer as a country.Even with the shock of a no-deal Brexit, over time we could make it work and we could flourish and prosper and we could indeed become richer as a country.
[But] I wouldn’t minimise the fact there could be a short-term shock.[But] I wouldn’t minimise the fact there could be a short-term shock.
Hunt also warned “European friends” that they would be blamed if Britain couldn’t get an acceptable deal, and crashed out of the EU:Hunt also warned “European friends” that they would be blamed if Britain couldn’t get an acceptable deal, and crashed out of the EU:
We would have European neighbours that had deliberately chosen to make the UK poorer, and that would change and harden British attitudes to Europe for a generation.We would have European neighbours that had deliberately chosen to make the UK poorer, and that would change and harden British attitudes to Europe for a generation.
That’s not something that wiser heads in Europe actually want.That’s not something that wiser heads in Europe actually want.
The OBR’s no-deal Brexit analysis will be based on work released by the International Monetary Fund in April.The OBR’s no-deal Brexit analysis will be based on work released by the International Monetary Fund in April.
The IMF outlined a scenario under which there was no border disruption after a no-deal Brexit, but some new trade barriers were created by customs and regulatory border controls.The IMF outlined a scenario under which there was no border disruption after a no-deal Brexit, but some new trade barriers were created by customs and regulatory border controls.
Under this Scenario A, import costs rise (although the government sets tariffs at zero to limit the impact), immigration is restricted, and financial conditions tightened (making credit more expensive, say).Under this Scenario A, import costs rise (although the government sets tariffs at zero to limit the impact), immigration is restricted, and financial conditions tightened (making credit more expensive, say).
The IMF calculated that this means UK GDP would be around 3.5% smaller in 2021 than if the country left with a deal.The IMF calculated that this means UK GDP would be around 3.5% smaller in 2021 than if the country left with a deal.
The Fund also modelled a second scenario (B) in which there are “significant border disruptions that increase import costs for UK firms and households”. That creates a much deeper recession, as this charts hows:The Fund also modelled a second scenario (B) in which there are “significant border disruptions that increase import costs for UK firms and households”. That creates a much deeper recession, as this charts hows:
This chart also shows that even after leaving with a deal (the yellow line), the UK economy is smaller than if the EU referendum had never happened.This chart also shows that even after leaving with a deal (the yellow line), the UK economy is smaller than if the EU referendum had never happened.
Good morning, and welcome to our rolling coverage of the world economy, the financial crisis, the eurozone and business.Good morning, and welcome to our rolling coverage of the world economy, the financial crisis, the eurozone and business.
A new healthcheck on Britain’s economy is expected to warn today that a no-deal Brexit would plunge the country into recession.A new healthcheck on Britain’s economy is expected to warn today that a no-deal Brexit would plunge the country into recession.
The Office for Budget Responsibility (the fiscal watchdog) will outline how the UK economy would suffer if Britain fell out of the EU without a deal.The Office for Budget Responsibility (the fiscal watchdog) will outline how the UK economy would suffer if Britain fell out of the EU without a deal.
Under the OBR’s no-deal scenario, the UK economy would contract in 2020, and end up 3% smaller in five years time than if it left with a deal.Under the OBR’s no-deal scenario, the UK economy would contract in 2020, and end up 3% smaller in five years time than if it left with a deal.
The warning will come in the OBR’s new Fiscal Risks Report for 2019, released today. This is a serious, weighty report, looking at the strength and weaknesses of the UK public finances, and the threats which could undermine them in the future.The warning will come in the OBR’s new Fiscal Risks Report for 2019, released today. This is a serious, weighty report, looking at the strength and weaknesses of the UK public finances, and the threats which could undermine them in the future.
It will include a fiscal ‘stress test’, measuring if the UK is really prepared to handle a wide range of topics including: macroeconomic and financial sector risks, specific revenue and spending risks, and balance sheet risks.It will include a fiscal ‘stress test’, measuring if the UK is really prepared to handle a wide range of topics including: macroeconomic and financial sector risks, specific revenue and spending risks, and balance sheet risks.
The report is due at 9.30am, but The Times has already had a sniff of it. It reports:The report is due at 9.30am, but The Times has already had a sniff of it. It reports:
Britain will slip into recession next year and the economy will be 3 per cent smaller if there is a no-deal Brexit, the UK’s official economic forecaster is expected to say today.Britain will slip into recession next year and the economy will be 3 per cent smaller if there is a no-deal Brexit, the UK’s official economic forecaster is expected to say today.
The Office for Budget Responsibility is due to give its first assessment of the economic impact of a no-deal Brexit, including how it may affect household incomes, wages, employment and house prices.The Office for Budget Responsibility is due to give its first assessment of the economic impact of a no-deal Brexit, including how it may affect household incomes, wages, employment and house prices.
The five-year forecast predicts that the economy will contract in 2020 as the UK officially enters into a recession, The Times understands. The economy is forecast to recover the following year, but GDP is still likely to be at least 3 per cent lower under a no-deal than if the UK leaves the EU with a deal.The five-year forecast predicts that the economy will contract in 2020 as the UK officially enters into a recession, The Times understands. The economy is forecast to recover the following year, but GDP is still likely to be at least 3 per cent lower under a no-deal than if the UK leaves the EU with a deal.
THE TIMES: Young drivers face night ban #tomorrowspaperstoday pic.twitter.com/C1f3ox6QbBTHE TIMES: Young drivers face night ban #tomorrowspaperstoday pic.twitter.com/C1f3ox6QbB
The warning is well timed, with the two contenders to replace Theresa May both insisting that they would take the UK out without a deal if they become prime minister.The warning is well timed, with the two contenders to replace Theresa May both insisting that they would take the UK out without a deal if they become prime minister.
Boris Johnson even waved an Isle of Man kipper at Tory members last night, in an odd attack on the burden which the European Union places on producers [But....the Isle of Man isn’t in the EU, but is following its food rules so it can trade, just like the UK would have to....]Boris Johnson even waved an Isle of Man kipper at Tory members last night, in an odd attack on the burden which the European Union places on producers [But....the Isle of Man isn’t in the EU, but is following its food rules so it can trade, just like the UK would have to....]
Boris Johnson referencing kipper trade from the Isle of Man.Worth noting the Isle of Man isn’t part of the EU or the UK, but remains part of the customs territory of the Union. pic.twitter.com/GI7hOCW8iuBoris Johnson referencing kipper trade from the Isle of Man.Worth noting the Isle of Man isn’t part of the EU or the UK, but remains part of the customs territory of the Union. pic.twitter.com/GI7hOCW8iu
With the pound already wallowing at a 27-month low this week, Brexit concerns are mounting.With the pound already wallowing at a 27-month low this week, Brexit concerns are mounting.
We’ll have full coverage of the OBR’s report from 9.30am.We’ll have full coverage of the OBR’s report from 9.30am.
Also coming up todayAlso coming up today
UK consumers have kept the economy motoring along since the Brexit vote. New retail sales figures will show whether people are cutting back, or still spending thanks to rising wages.UK consumers have kept the economy motoring along since the Brexit vote. New retail sales figures will show whether people are cutting back, or still spending thanks to rising wages.
Economists predict a small drop in spending compared to May. A larger decline might intensify concerns about a recession.Economists predict a small drop in spending compared to May. A larger decline might intensify concerns about a recession.
The agendaThe agenda
9.30am BST: OBR publishes UK Fiscal Risks Report 20199.30am BST: OBR publishes UK Fiscal Risks Report 2019
9.30am BST: UK retail sales for June (expected to drop by 0.3%, including fuel).9.30am BST: UK retail sales for June (expected to drop by 0.3%, including fuel).
1.30pm BST: US weekly jobless figures1.30pm BST: US weekly jobless figures