'Pakistan to expel Indian high commissioner over Kashmir changes' diff viewer (2/3)

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Pakistan to expel Indian ambassador over Kashmir changes	Pakistan to expel Indian ambassador over Kashmir changes
2019-08-08 09:15:00 UTC	2019-08-08 09:46:58 UTC (32 minutes later)
Pakistan will expel the Indian ambassador and suspend trade after suggesting its rival could carry out ethnic cleansing in Kashmir, where tensions remain high following Delhi’s decision to revoke the state’s special status and divide it in two.	Pakistan will expel the Indian ambassador and suspend trade after suggesting its rival could carry out ethnic cleansing in Kashmir, where tensions remain high following Delhi’s decision to revoke the state’s special status and divide it in two.
Amid an unprecedented communications blackout in Kashmir, the Indian government announced on Monday that it would dramatically change its relationship with the state, revoking the special status that the territory was granted in exchange for joining the Indian union after independence in 1947. It also said it would divide the state in two.	Amid an unprecedented communications blackout in Kashmir, the Indian government announced on Monday that it would dramatically change its relationship with the state, revoking the special status that the territory was granted in exchange for joining the Indian union after independence in 1947. It also said it would divide the state in two.
The move has sparked fierce rhetoric from Pakistan, which also claims Kashmir and has fought two wars with India over the territory, with the country’s army chief vowing to “go to any extent” to stand by Kashmiris.	The move has sparked fierce rhetoric from Pakistan, which also claims Kashmir and has fought two wars with India over the territory, with the country’s army chief vowing to “go to any extent” to stand by Kashmiris.
Kashmir leaders placed under arrest amid security crackdown	Kashmir leaders placed under arrest amid security crackdown
In a statement on Wednesday, Pakistan said it would cut bilateral trade and raise the issue with the UN. Analysts point out trade between the two countries is relatively small and that it is unlikely the UN will take any action.	In a statement on Wednesday, Pakistan said it would cut bilateral trade and raise the issue with the UN. Analysts point out trade between the two countries is relatively small and that it is unlikely the UN will take any action.
“The diplomatic statements on their own mean really nothing,” said Raja Mohan, the director of the Institute of South Asian Studies at the National University of Singapore. “It’s really what happens on the ground that will be far more consequential.	“The diplomatic statements on their own mean really nothing,” said Raja Mohan, the director of the Institute of South Asian Studies at the National University of Singapore. “It’s really what happens on the ground that will be far more consequential.
The region in the foothills of the Himalayas has been under dispute since India and Pakistan came into being in 1947.	The region in the foothills of the Himalayas has been under dispute since India and Pakistan came into being in 1947.
Both claim it in full, but each controls a section of the territory, separated by one of the world's most heavily militarised borders: the ~~'line~~ of ~~control'~~ based on a ceasefire border established after a 1947-48 war. China controls another part in the east.	Both claim it in full, but each controls a section of the territory, separated by one of the world's most heavily militarised borders: the ‘line of control’ based on a ceasefire border established after a 1947-48 war. China controls another part in the east.
India and Pakistan have gone to war three times over Kashmir, most recently in 1999. Artillery, mortar and small arms fire are still frequently exchanged.	India and Pakistan have gone to war three times over Kashmir, most recently in 1999. Artillery, mortar and small arms fire are still frequently exchanged.
After the partition of colonial India 71 ~~years~~ ~~ago,~~ small, semi-autonomous ~~'princely~~ ~~states'~~ across the subcontinent were being folded into India or Pakistan. The ruler of Kashmir dithered over which to ~~join,~~ until tribal fighters entered from Pakistan intent on taking the region for Islamabad.	After the partition of colonial India in 1947, small, semi-autonomous ‘princely states’ across the subcontinent were being folded into India or Pakistan. The ruler of Kashmir dithered over which to join until tribal fighters entered from Pakistan intent on taking the region for Islamabad.
Kashmir asked Delhi for assistance, signing a treaty of accession in exchange for the intervention of Indian troops, who fought the Pakistanis to the modern-day line of control.	Kashmir asked Delhi for assistance, signing a treaty of accession in exchange for the intervention of Indian troops, who fought the Pakistanis to the modern-day line of control.
In 1948, the UN security council called for a referendum in Kashmir to determine which country the region would ~~join,~~ or whether it would become an independent state. The referendum has never been held.	In 1948, the UN security council called for a referendum in Kashmir to determine which country the region would join or whether it would become an independent state. The referendum has never been held.
In its 1950 constitution, India granted Kashmir a large measure of independence. But since then it has eroded some of that autonomy and repeatedly intervened to rig ~~elections,~~ and dismiss and jail democratically elected leaders.	In its 1950 constitution, India granted Kashmir a large measure of independence. But since then it has eroded some of that autonomy and repeatedly intervened to rig elections and dismiss and jail democratically elected leaders.
Kashmir’s special status, given in exchange for joining the Indian ~~Union,~~ has been in place since May ~~14,~~ 1954. Under ~~Article~~ 370, the state was given a separate constitution, a flag, and autonomy over all matters except for foreign affairs and defence.	Kashmir’s special status, given in exchange for joining the Indian union, has been in place since 14 May 1954. Under article 370, the state was given a separate constitution, a flag, and autonomy over all matters except for foreign affairs and defence.
An additional provision, ~~Article~~ 35a, prevented people from outside the state buying land in the territory. Many Kashmiris believed this was crucial to protecting the demography of the Muslim-majority ~~state,~~ and its way of life.	An additional provision, article 35a, prevented people from outside the state buying land in the territory. Many Kashmiris believed this was crucial to protecting the demography of the Muslim-majority state and its way of life.
The ruling Bharatiya Janata ~~Party~~ repeatedly promised to scrap such rules, a long-term demand of its ~~Hindu-nationalist~~ support base. But analysts warned doing so would almost certainly ignite unrest.	The ruling Bharatiya Janata party repeatedly promised to scrap such rules, a long-term demand of its Hindu nationalist support base. But analysts warned doing so would almost certainly ignite unrest.
On Monday 5 August 2019, the government issued a presidential order to abolish ~~Kashmir's~~ special status. The government argued that the provision was only intended to be temporary and that scrapping it would boost investment in Kashmir. Critics, however, said the move would escalate tensions with Pakistan - which quickly called India’s actions illegal - and fuel resentment in Kashmir, where there is an insurgency against Indian rule.	On Monday 5 August 2019, the government issued a presidential order to abolish Kashmir’s special status. The government argued that the provision was only intended to be temporary and that scrapping it would boost investment in Kashmir. Critics, however, said the move would escalate tensions with Pakistan – which quickly called India’s actions illegal – and fuel resentment in Kashmir, where there is an insurgency against Indian rule.
There has been an armed insurgency against Indian rule over its section of Kashmir for the past three decades. Indian soldiers and Pakistan-backed ~~guerillas~~ fought a war ~~replete~~ with accusations of torture, forced disappearances and extra-judicial killing.	There has been an armed insurgency against Indian rule over its section of Kashmir for the past three decades. Indian soldiers and Pakistan-backed guerrillas fought a war rife with accusations of torture, forced disappearances and extra-judicial killing.
Until 2004, the militancy was made up largely of Pakistani and Afghan fighters. Since then, especially after protests were quashed with extreme force in 2016, locals have made up a growing share of the anti-India fighters.	Until 2004, the militancy was made up largely of Pakistani and Afghan fighters. Since then, especially after protests were quashed with extreme force in 2016, locals have made up a growing share of the anti-India fighters.
For Indians, control of Kashmir – part of the country’s only Muslim-majority state – has been proof of its commitment to religious pluralism. For Pakistan, a state founded as a homeland for south Asian Muslims, it is the last occupied home of its co-religionists. Michael Safi and Rebecca Ratcliffe	For Indians, control of Kashmir – part of the country’s only Muslim-majority state – has been proof of its commitment to religious pluralism. For Pakistan, a state founded as a homeland for south Asian Muslims, it is the last occupied home of its co-religionists. Michael Safi and Rebecca Ratcliffe
“It will begin to matter if there is violence in Kashmir and Delhi sees some of it as coming from Pakistan and then you’re back in the Pulwama sort of situation [where dozens of Indian paramilitaries were killed in a suicide car bombing]. Does India respond? If India responds, will there be escalation?”	“It will begin to matter if there is violence in Kashmir and Delhi sees some of it as coming from Pakistan and then you’re back in the Pulwama sort of situation [where dozens of Indian paramilitaries were killed in a suicide car bombing]. Does India respond? If India responds, will there be escalation?”
Indian-administered Kashmir remains gripped by an unprecedented communications blackout that has cut off phone lines, internet and mobile coverage. Cable TV, initially suspended, is now running again but not showing any news programmes. The only source of news is satellite TV, which fewer people have access to.	Indian-administered Kashmir remains gripped by an unprecedented communications blackout that has cut off phone lines, internet and mobile coverage. Cable TV, initially suspended, is now running again but not showing any news programmes. The only source of news is satellite TV, which fewer people have access to.
A protester is reported to have died after being chased by police, and more than 100 people were arrested during a curfew in Srinagar, according to Agence France-Presse.	A protester is reported to have died after being chased by police, and more than 100 people were arrested during a curfew in Srinagar, according to Agence France-Presse.
People arriving at Delhi’s airport from Kashmir on Wednesday morning described a state of lockdown that has left those with medical emergencies unable to call for ambulances, families unable to contact one another and the streets lined with heavy security.	People arriving at Delhi’s airport from Kashmir on Wednesday morning described a state of lockdown that has left those with medical emergencies unable to call for ambulances, families unable to contact one another and the streets lined with heavy security.
The region in the foothills of the Himalayas has been under dispute since 1947, when Pakistan was created in the partition of India.	The region in the foothills of the Himalayas has been under dispute since 1947, when Pakistan was created in the partition of India.
Both claim it in full, but each controls a section of the territory, separated by one of the world's most heavily militarised borders: the 'line of control' based on a ceasefire border established after a 1947-48 war. China controls another part in the east.	Both claim it in full, but each controls a section of the territory, separated by one of the world's most heavily militarised borders: the 'line of control' based on a ceasefire border established after a 1947-48 war. China controls another part in the east.
India and Pakistan have gone to war three times over Kashmir, most recently in 1999. Artillery, mortar and small arms fire are still frequently exchanged.	India and Pakistan have gone to war three times over Kashmir, most recently in 1999. Artillery, mortar and small arms fire are still frequently exchanged.
After the partition of colonial India 71 years ago, small, semi-autonomous 'princely states' across the subcontinent were being folded into India or Pakistan. The ruler of Kashmir dithered over which to join, until tribal fighters entered from Pakistan intent on taking the region for Islamabad.	After the partition of colonial India 71 years ago, small, semi-autonomous 'princely states' across the subcontinent were being folded into India or Pakistan. The ruler of Kashmir dithered over which to join, until tribal fighters entered from Pakistan intent on taking the region for Islamabad.
Kashmir asked Delhi for assistance, signing a treaty of accession in exchange for the intervention of Indian troops, who fought the Pakistanis to the modern-day line of control.	Kashmir asked Delhi for assistance, signing a treaty of accession in exchange for the intervention of Indian troops, who fought the Pakistanis to the modern-day line of control.
In 1948, the UN security council called for a referendum in Kashmir to determine which country the region would join, or whether it would become an independent state. The referendum has never been held.	In 1948, the UN security council called for a referendum in Kashmir to determine which country the region would join, or whether it would become an independent state. The referendum has never been held.
In its 1950 constitution, India granted Kashmir a large measure of independence. But since then it has eroded some of that autonomy and repeatedly intervened to rig elections, and dismiss and jail democratically elected leaders.	In its 1950 constitution, India granted Kashmir a large measure of independence. But since then it has eroded some of that autonomy and repeatedly intervened to rig elections, and dismiss and jail democratically elected leaders.
There has been an armed insurgency against Indian rule over its section of Kashmir for the past three decades. Indian soldiers and Pakistan-backed guerillas fought a war replete with accusations of torture, forced disappearances and extra-judicial killing.	There has been an armed insurgency against Indian rule over its section of Kashmir for the past three decades. Indian soldiers and Pakistan-backed guerillas fought a war replete with accusations of torture, forced disappearances and extra-judicial killing.
Until 2004, the militancy was made up largely of Pakistani and Afghan fighters. Since then, especially after protests were quashed with extreme force in 2016, locals have made up a growing share of the anti-India fighters.	Until 2004, the militancy was made up largely of Pakistani and Afghan fighters. Since then, especially after protests were quashed with extreme force in 2016, locals have made up a growing share of the anti-India fighters.
For Indians, control of Kashmir – part of the country’s only Muslim-majority state – has been proof of its commitment to religious pluralism. For Pakistan, a state founded as a homeland for south Asian Muslims, it is the last occupied home of its co-religionists. Michael Safi	For Indians, control of Kashmir – part of the country’s only Muslim-majority state – has been proof of its commitment to religious pluralism. For Pakistan, a state founded as a homeland for south Asian Muslims, it is the last occupied home of its co-religionists. Michael Safi
“Every inch and corner is covered,” said Soayib Qureshi, a Delhi-based lawyer. “You cannot even go out of your house.”	“Every inch and corner is covered,” said Soayib Qureshi, a Delhi-based lawyer. “You cannot even go out of your house.”
In his neighbourhood, in downtown Srinagar, Kashmir’s biggest city, small protests – of 40-50 people – were taking place at night, when the curfew was relaxed after 10pm. He believed he heard teargas canisters being used elsewhere on Monday and Tuesday, but said the suspension of all communication meant people had little idea what was happening.	In his neighbourhood, in downtown Srinagar, Kashmir’s biggest city, small protests – of 40-50 people – were taking place at night, when the curfew was relaxed after 10pm. He believed he heard teargas canisters being used elsewhere on Monday and Tuesday, but said the suspension of all communication meant people had little idea what was happening.
The announcement, he added, was a shock to everyone: “It’s a surgical strike.”	The announcement, he added, was a shock to everyone: “It’s a surgical strike.”
At night some movement is allowed, though there are checkpoints everywhere.	At night some movement is allowed, though there are checkpoints everywhere.