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| Syria war: Alarm after 33 Turkish soldiers killed in attack in Idlib | |
| (about 2 hours later) | |
| At least 33 Turkish soldiers have died in a Syrian government attack in opposition-held north-western Syria, in a major escalation of the conflict. | At least 33 Turkish soldiers have died in a Syrian government attack in opposition-held north-western Syria, in a major escalation of the conflict. |
| Turkey, which backs the opposition, says it hit 200 government targets in response, "neutralising" 309 soldiers. | Turkey, which backs the opposition, says it hit 200 government targets in response, "neutralising" 309 soldiers. |
| Russia, Syria's key military ally, says Turkish troops were attacked in Idlib province by Syrian forces while operating alongside jihadist fighters. | Russia, Syria's key military ally, says Turkish troops were attacked in Idlib province by Syrian forces while operating alongside jihadist fighters. |
| The EU has warned the crisis could descend into a serious conflict. | |
| "There is a risk of sliding into a major open international military confrontation," EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell tweeted. "It is also causing unbearable humanitarian suffering and putting civilians in danger." | |
| The Turkish and Russian presidents spoke by phone on Friday. Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Vladimir Putin both expressed concern and agreed on the need for "additional measures" to normalise the situation, with the possibility of a summit in the near future, the Kremlin says. | |
| Russian and Turkish officials are due to meet at the Turkish foreign ministry in Ankara on Friday. | |
| Russia denies its own forces were involved in the fighting in the Balyun area. | |
| Government forces, supported by Russia, have been trying to retake Idlib from jihadist groups and Turkish-backed rebel factions based there. The air strike came after the opposition retook the key town of Saraqeb, north-east of Balyun. Idlib is the last Syrian province to remain in opposition hands. | |
| Reports suggest Turkey, a key member of the Nato alliance, may be relaxing its border controls to allow Syrian refugees to seek refuge in the EU. | Reports suggest Turkey, a key member of the Nato alliance, may be relaxing its border controls to allow Syrian refugees to seek refuge in the EU. |
| The European Commission said it expected Turkey to uphold its commitments to control the flow of migrants to the EU. | |
| What do we know about the attack? | What do we know about the attack? |
| "Thirty-three of our soldiers were martyred as a result of the air strike... by the forces of the [Bashar al-] Assad regime," said Rahmi Dogan, the governor of Turkey's neighbouring Hatay province. | |
| After President Erdogan held an urgent top-level security meeting in Ankara, Turkish forces began conducting ground and air strikes. | |
| Defence Minister Hulusi Akar said that in addition to the casualties inflicted, five Syrian government helicopters, 23 tanks, 23 howitzers, and two air defence systems had been destroyed. | Defence Minister Hulusi Akar said that in addition to the casualties inflicted, five Syrian government helicopters, 23 tanks, 23 howitzers, and two air defence systems had been destroyed. |
| According to the Russian defence ministry, the Turkish soldiers had been killed in a "bombardment" while operating alongside "terrorists" in the Balyun area where, it said, fighters from the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham alliance (formerly the Nusra Front) were attacking Syrian government forces. | According to the Russian defence ministry, the Turkish soldiers had been killed in a "bombardment" while operating alongside "terrorists" in the Balyun area where, it said, fighters from the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham alliance (formerly the Nusra Front) were attacking Syrian government forces. |
| Russia said it was in constant contact with Turkey to ensure Turkish troops were not targeted in Idlib and had not been informed that Turkish forces were active at Balyun. | Russia said it was in constant contact with Turkey to ensure Turkish troops were not targeted in Idlib and had not been informed that Turkish forces were active at Balyun. |
| But Mr Akar insisted the Russians had been informed about the locations of Turkish troops and said no armed groups had been present near the soldiers who were attacked. He also said ambulances had been hit in the attack. | But Mr Akar insisted the Russians had been informed about the locations of Turkish troops and said no armed groups had been present near the soldiers who were attacked. He also said ambulances had been hit in the attack. |
| Two Russian warships equipped with cruise missiles have passed through Istanbul's Bosphorus Strait on their way to the Syrian coast. | |
| President Erdogan wants Syrian government forces to pull back from positions where Turkey has set up military observation posts and earlier threatened to attack them if they did not halt their advance. | President Erdogan wants Syrian government forces to pull back from positions where Turkey has set up military observation posts and earlier threatened to attack them if they did not halt their advance. |
| But Syria's government and Russia have rejected his demand to pull back to ceasefire lines agreed in 2018. Russia has also accused Turkey of violating the 2018 ceasefire by backing rebels with artillery fire. | But Syria's government and Russia have rejected his demand to pull back to ceasefire lines agreed in 2018. Russia has also accused Turkey of violating the 2018 ceasefire by backing rebels with artillery fire. |
| In reaction to the crisis: | In reaction to the crisis: |
| Will Ankara or Damascus back down? | Will Ankara or Damascus back down? |
| The scene is set for a full-scale confrontation between Turkey and Syria. | The scene is set for a full-scale confrontation between Turkey and Syria. |
| This leaves all sorts of questions. | This leaves all sorts of questions. |
| Will Ankara or Damascus back down? Can Moscow - hardly a neutral party - in some way encourage de-escalation? | Will Ankara or Damascus back down? Can Moscow - hardly a neutral party - in some way encourage de-escalation? |
| And is there any way to persuade the Syrian regime to halt its wider offensive in Idlib? | And is there any way to persuade the Syrian regime to halt its wider offensive in Idlib? |
| This appears doubtful since President Assad seems intent on taking back control of the area, and the Russians have already been backing him to this end. | This appears doubtful since President Assad seems intent on taking back control of the area, and the Russians have already been backing him to this end. |
| Read Jonathan's analysis in full | Read Jonathan's analysis in full |
| Is the EU facing a new migrant crisis? | Is the EU facing a new migrant crisis? |
| At least 948,000 people have been displaced in north-west Syria since a government offensive began on 1 December, the UN says. | At least 948,000 people have been displaced in north-west Syria since a government offensive began on 1 December, the UN says. |
| At least 465 civilians, including 145 children, have been killed during that period, the vast majority of them victims of attacks by the Syrian government and its allies, according to the UN. Children are also dying from the cold. | At least 465 civilians, including 145 children, have been killed during that period, the vast majority of them victims of attacks by the Syrian government and its allies, according to the UN. Children are also dying from the cold. |
| Turkey has already taken in some 3.7 million refugees and Turkey's exasperation may lead it to send a new wave of refugees towards Europe. | Turkey has already taken in some 3.7 million refugees and Turkey's exasperation may lead it to send a new wave of refugees towards Europe. |
| Unnamed Turkish sources told international news agencies on Friday that the country was indeed lifting border controls to allow refugees to try to travel to the EU. | Unnamed Turkish sources told international news agencies on Friday that the country was indeed lifting border controls to allow refugees to try to travel to the EU. |
| "We will no longer keep the doors closed for refugees who want to go to Europe," one source told AFP. | "We will no longer keep the doors closed for refugees who want to go to Europe," one source told AFP. |
| Several hundred people are reported to have gathered on the Turkish border at Dikili in the hope of crossing illegally to Greece. | Several hundred people are reported to have gathered on the Turkish border at Dikili in the hope of crossing illegally to Greece. |
| Under a 2016 agreement with the EU, which followed a wave of Syrian refugees and refugees and migrants from other countries to Europe, Turkey imposed stronger controls to curb the flow. | Under a 2016 agreement with the EU, which followed a wave of Syrian refugees and refugees and migrants from other countries to Europe, Turkey imposed stronger controls to curb the flow. |
| The deal involved an EU pledge to provide €6bn (£5.4bn; $6.6bn) in aid to Turkey to house Syrian refugees. | The deal involved an EU pledge to provide €6bn (£5.4bn; $6.6bn) in aid to Turkey to house Syrian refugees. |
| Greece has stepped up police patrols at its border checkpoints. | |
| Turkey's communications director said his country could not take in another million refugees from Syria. Fahrettin Altun went on Twitter to call for the international community to protect civilians in Idlib from "genocide" by imposing a no-fly zone. | Turkey's communications director said his country could not take in another million refugees from Syria. Fahrettin Altun went on Twitter to call for the international community to protect civilians in Idlib from "genocide" by imposing a no-fly zone. |
| Russia has rejected calls in the UN Security Council for a humanitarian ceasefire in northern Syria, saying the only solution is to chase what it calls terrorists from the country. | Russia has rejected calls in the UN Security Council for a humanitarian ceasefire in northern Syria, saying the only solution is to chase what it calls terrorists from the country. |
| The Syrian government, which has regularly been accused of committing atrocities against civilians during the country's civil war, says it is liberating Idlib from "terrorism". | The Syrian government, which has regularly been accused of committing atrocities against civilians during the country's civil war, says it is liberating Idlib from "terrorism". |
| Why is Turkey so deeply involved in Syria? | Why is Turkey so deeply involved in Syria? |
| Its long border with Syria has brought it into close contact with the civil war and its strong opposition to the Assad government has made it a natural destination for refugees. | Its long border with Syria has brought it into close contact with the civil war and its strong opposition to the Assad government has made it a natural destination for refugees. |
| But Turkey is also actively trying to prevent Syria's Kurdish community establishing control over the border region, fearing that this would encourage Kurdish separatism within Turkey itself. | But Turkey is also actively trying to prevent Syria's Kurdish community establishing control over the border region, fearing that this would encourage Kurdish separatism within Turkey itself. |
| It has been accused of seeking to drive Kurds away from the border in order to establish a safe area within Syria to rehouse two million of the refugees it is hosting. |