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Pompeo Cuts $1 Billion in Afghan Aid as 2 Leaders Reject Push for Unity Pompeo Cuts $1 Billion in Afghan Aid as 2 Leaders Reject Push for Unity
(14 days later)
KABUL, Afghanistan — The State Department said it was cutting $1 billion in aid to Afghanistan this year, and potentially another $1 billion in 2021, after Secretary of State Mike Pompeo failed to persuade rival Afghan leaders in a meeting on Monday in Kabul to support a unified government, which American diplomats consider crucial to preventing peace negotiations from falling apart.KABUL, Afghanistan — The State Department said it was cutting $1 billion in aid to Afghanistan this year, and potentially another $1 billion in 2021, after Secretary of State Mike Pompeo failed to persuade rival Afghan leaders in a meeting on Monday in Kabul to support a unified government, which American diplomats consider crucial to preventing peace negotiations from falling apart.
Mr. Pompeo’s announcement came as he was flying back to the United States after meeting with President Ashraf Ghani and the Afghan former chief executive, Abdullah Abdullah, in an attempt to mediate between the two rivals who both claim to be the legitimate president — a crisis that threatens to split the government apart and sink hopes of ending the war.Mr. Pompeo’s announcement came as he was flying back to the United States after meeting with President Ashraf Ghani and the Afghan former chief executive, Abdullah Abdullah, in an attempt to mediate between the two rivals who both claim to be the legitimate president — a crisis that threatens to split the government apart and sink hopes of ending the war.
For the top American diplomat to travel halfway around the world in the middle of the global coronavirus epidemic signaled how seriously the United States was taking the internal Afghan bickering and the risks posed for both countries. And the cutoff in aid, a major blow to the Afghan government, revealed just how frustrated the United States was with the impasse, which further imperils an already precarious peace deal.For the top American diplomat to travel halfway around the world in the middle of the global coronavirus epidemic signaled how seriously the United States was taking the internal Afghan bickering and the risks posed for both countries. And the cutoff in aid, a major blow to the Afghan government, revealed just how frustrated the United States was with the impasse, which further imperils an already precarious peace deal.
“The United States is disappointed in them and what their conduct means for Afghanistan and our shared interests,” Mr. Pompeo said in a statement. “Their failure has harmed U.S.-Afghan relations and, sadly, dishonors those Afghan, Americans and coalition partners who have sacrificed their lives and treasure in the struggle to build a new future for this country.”“The United States is disappointed in them and what their conduct means for Afghanistan and our shared interests,” Mr. Pompeo said in a statement. “Their failure has harmed U.S.-Afghan relations and, sadly, dishonors those Afghan, Americans and coalition partners who have sacrificed their lives and treasure in the struggle to build a new future for this country.”
“This leadership failure poses a direct threat to U.S. national interests,” Mr. Pompeo said.“This leadership failure poses a direct threat to U.S. national interests,” Mr. Pompeo said.
Speaking to reporters aboard his plane, Mr. Pompeo would not say from where the $1 billion would be cut but made clear that American support for Afghan security forces would continue. “We are going to continue to do everything we need to do to support those Afghan security forces,” he said. “It is central.”Speaking to reporters aboard his plane, Mr. Pompeo would not say from where the $1 billion would be cut but made clear that American support for Afghan security forces would continue. “We are going to continue to do everything we need to do to support those Afghan security forces,” he said. “It is central.”
The money could be restored, Mr. Pompeo said, if “Afghan leaders choose to form an inclusive government that can provide security and participate in the peace process.”The money could be restored, Mr. Pompeo said, if “Afghan leaders choose to form an inclusive government that can provide security and participate in the peace process.”
He also said the United States will send $15 million to the country to help stop the spread of the coronavirusHe also said the United States will send $15 million to the country to help stop the spread of the coronavirus
Mr. Ghani was declared the winner of a bitterly disputed election last month and was inaugurated on March 9. His opponent, Mr. Abdullah, also declared himself winner and held his own inauguration next door, on the same day.Mr. Ghani was declared the winner of a bitterly disputed election last month and was inaugurated on March 9. His opponent, Mr. Abdullah, also declared himself winner and held his own inauguration next door, on the same day.
Days of American efforts, into the early hours of inauguration day, failed to prevent the announcement of two presidents and keep the country’s elite united around the peace process.Days of American efforts, into the early hours of inauguration day, failed to prevent the announcement of two presidents and keep the country’s elite united around the peace process.
During his eight hours in Kabul, Mr. Pompeo met with both Afghan leaders, separately and then together, in an attempt to find a way to get them to work together.During his eight hours in Kabul, Mr. Pompeo met with both Afghan leaders, separately and then together, in an attempt to find a way to get them to work together.
But Mr. Pompeo was unable to persuade them, and left the capital with the political crisis unresolved.But Mr. Pompeo was unable to persuade them, and left the capital with the political crisis unresolved.
On his way back to Washington on Monday night, Mr. Pompeo stopped in Doha, Qatar, to meet with Taliban officials who have been negotiating with American envoys on a peace process.On his way back to Washington on Monday night, Mr. Pompeo stopped in Doha, Qatar, to meet with Taliban officials who have been negotiating with American envoys on a peace process.
Mr. Pompeo seemed to indicate that the Taliban had been a better partner in the peace process than the government in Kabul.Mr. Pompeo seemed to indicate that the Taliban had been a better partner in the peace process than the government in Kabul.
“They committed to reducing violence and they’ve largely done that,” Mr. Pompeo said when asked if the Taliban had lived up to its pledges in the peace agreements. “And they are working towards delivering their team to the ultimate negotiations.”“They committed to reducing violence and they’ve largely done that,” Mr. Pompeo said when asked if the Taliban had lived up to its pledges in the peace agreements. “And they are working towards delivering their team to the ultimate negotiations.”
The secretary of state’s visit came a day after Afghan government officials met with Taliban delegates to discuss details of a prisoner release that is a part of the deal. Balancing coronavirus concerns with fears that a painstakingly negotiated peace deal could fall apart, the two sides met by videoconference on Sunday — a notable approach, given the Taliban’s origins as a national government that largely banned television and music.The secretary of state’s visit came a day after Afghan government officials met with Taliban delegates to discuss details of a prisoner release that is a part of the deal. Balancing coronavirus concerns with fears that a painstakingly negotiated peace deal could fall apart, the two sides met by videoconference on Sunday — a notable approach, given the Taliban’s origins as a national government that largely banned television and music.
Though the meeting between the Taliban and government officials was not the formal start of direct talks between the two sides — that step is predicated on reaching agreement on the prisoner exchange — the technical discussion was the first negotiating meeting between them since the United States and the insurgents signed a deal last month.Though the meeting between the Taliban and government officials was not the formal start of direct talks between the two sides — that step is predicated on reaching agreement on the prisoner exchange — the technical discussion was the first negotiating meeting between them since the United States and the insurgents signed a deal last month.
The prisoner exchange, involving up to 5,000 Taliban prisoners and 1,000 Afghan government prisoners, as called for in the deal the Americans signed, has been an extreme point of contention. The prisoners were supposed to have been released before the beginning of Afghan negotiations on March 10.The prisoner exchange, involving up to 5,000 Taliban prisoners and 1,000 Afghan government prisoners, as called for in the deal the Americans signed, has been an extreme point of contention. The prisoners were supposed to have been released before the beginning of Afghan negotiations on March 10.
Mr. Ghani’s government has vehemently disagreed with the terms the United States agreed to with the Taliban, delaying the future steps of the peace deal. The United States’ special envoy, Zalmay Khalilzad, has been in Kabul for several weeks trying to find a solution to the prisoner release and calm the political crisisMr. Ghani’s government has vehemently disagreed with the terms the United States agreed to with the Taliban, delaying the future steps of the peace deal. The United States’ special envoy, Zalmay Khalilzad, has been in Kabul for several weeks trying to find a solution to the prisoner release and calm the political crisis
After much shuttle diplomacy, Mr. Ghani agreed only to a phased release of the prisoners in small batches and conditioned it on the Taliban halting their attacks — something the insurgents have said goes against what they have signed with the United States.After much shuttle diplomacy, Mr. Ghani agreed only to a phased release of the prisoners in small batches and conditioned it on the Taliban halting their attacks — something the insurgents have said goes against what they have signed with the United States.
In his statement Monday, Mr. Pompeo criticized the Afghan government for refusing to “take practical steps” to release prisoners as a confidence-building step for peace negotiations. But most of his criticism was leveled at Mr. Ghani and Mr. Abdullah for failing to unite and appoint a team of negotiators that would represent all sides of the Afghan government.In his statement Monday, Mr. Pompeo criticized the Afghan government for refusing to “take practical steps” to release prisoners as a confidence-building step for peace negotiations. But most of his criticism was leveled at Mr. Ghani and Mr. Abdullah for failing to unite and appoint a team of negotiators that would represent all sides of the Afghan government.
In the Sunday videoconference between the Taliban and the government, an American team led by Mr. Khalilzad and a team of Qatari diplomats facilitated the discussions.In the Sunday videoconference between the Taliban and the government, an American team led by Mr. Khalilzad and a team of Qatari diplomats facilitated the discussions.
“Today, the US and Qatar facilitated the first Afghan government to Taliban technical talks on prisoner releases, via Skype video conferencing,” Mr. Khalilzad wrote in a series of Twitter posts late on Sunday. “Everyone clearly understands the coronavirus threat makes prisoner releases that much more urgent.”“Today, the US and Qatar facilitated the first Afghan government to Taliban technical talks on prisoner releases, via Skype video conferencing,” Mr. Khalilzad wrote in a series of Twitter posts late on Sunday. “Everyone clearly understands the coronavirus threat makes prisoner releases that much more urgent.”
Suhail Shaheen, a spokesman for the Taliban’s negotiating team, said the talks had “solely focused on prisoner release, and there were initial agreements on some issues regarding the release of prisoners.”Suhail Shaheen, a spokesman for the Taliban’s negotiating team, said the talks had “solely focused on prisoner release, and there were initial agreements on some issues regarding the release of prisoners.”
Updated July 7, 2020
The coronavirus can stay aloft for hours in tiny droplets in stagnant air, infecting people as they inhale, mounting scientific evidence suggests. This risk is highest in crowded indoor spaces with poor ventilation, and may help explain super-spreading events reported in meatpacking plants, churches and restaurants. It’s unclear how often the virus is spread via these tiny droplets, or aerosols, compared with larger droplets that are expelled when a sick person coughs or sneezes, or transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces, said Linsey Marr, an aerosol expert at Virginia Tech. Aerosols are released even when a person without symptoms exhales, talks or sings, according to Dr. Marr and more than 200 other experts, who have outlined the evidence in an open letter to the World Health Organization.
Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days.
Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles.
A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico.
The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth.
The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave.
So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement.
Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks.
A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study.
If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.)
If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others.
Mr. Shaheen said the sides would hold another videoconference on Tuesday.Mr. Shaheen said the sides would hold another videoconference on Tuesday.
Hamdullah Mohib, Afghanistan’s national security adviser, suggested that the call had covered other issues to make the prisoner release possible.Hamdullah Mohib, Afghanistan’s national security adviser, suggested that the call had covered other issues to make the prisoner release possible.
“All sides emphasized the importance of a reduction in violence, direct negotiations, and a permanent and comprehensive cease-fire,” Mr. Mohib said in a statement on Twitter.“All sides emphasized the importance of a reduction in violence, direct negotiations, and a permanent and comprehensive cease-fire,” Mr. Mohib said in a statement on Twitter.
In the days before signing the deal with the United States, the Taliban observed a partial cease-fire with the Afghan government. But that deal included no agreement on a lasting violence reduction that was envisioned as part of the ensuing talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban.In the days before signing the deal with the United States, the Taliban observed a partial cease-fire with the Afghan government. But that deal included no agreement on a lasting violence reduction that was envisioned as part of the ensuing talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban.
In recent weeks, the Taliban have made clear that they see violence as a major part of their leverage in talks, and have intensified their operations across Afghanistan. The Afghan government forces have largely remained in a defensive mode and are beginning to suffer heavy casualties.In recent weeks, the Taliban have made clear that they see violence as a major part of their leverage in talks, and have intensified their operations across Afghanistan. The Afghan government forces have largely remained in a defensive mode and are beginning to suffer heavy casualties.
In one of the most brutal Taliban attacks since the group signed the deal with the United States, insurgents stormed an outpost in southern Zabul Province and killed at least 24 members of the Afghan security forces on Thursday, torching their outposts and burning the bodies to a point that many were unrecognizable.In one of the most brutal Taliban attacks since the group signed the deal with the United States, insurgents stormed an outpost in southern Zabul Province and killed at least 24 members of the Afghan security forces on Thursday, torching their outposts and burning the bodies to a point that many were unrecognizable.
The Taliban have also ramped up attacks in the north. In response to an overnight Taliban attack in Kunduz Province that had begun late on Saturday in Imam Saheb district, Afghan forces called for an airstrike on Sunday that resulted in the deaths of at least nine civilians — including four women and two children — according to Gul Bai, a local police commander.The Taliban have also ramped up attacks in the north. In response to an overnight Taliban attack in Kunduz Province that had begun late on Saturday in Imam Saheb district, Afghan forces called for an airstrike on Sunday that resulted in the deaths of at least nine civilians — including four women and two children — according to Gul Bai, a local police commander.
Mujib Mashal reported from Kabul, Afghanistan, and Lara Jakes from Washington. Najim Rahim contributed reporting from Kunduz, Afghanistan.Mujib Mashal reported from Kabul, Afghanistan, and Lara Jakes from Washington. Najim Rahim contributed reporting from Kunduz, Afghanistan.