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Parents Nervously Return to Work in Italy. Children Are Still at Home. Parents Nervously Return to Work in Italy. Children Are Still at Home.
(about 1 hour later)
ROME — When Chiara Monti went to her office on Monday morning, she joined millions of Italians returning to work after nearly two months of being on lockdown because of the coronavirus. And when she arrived, she immediately went to the personnel office and asked to have her hours reduced.ROME — When Chiara Monti went to her office on Monday morning, she joined millions of Italians returning to work after nearly two months of being on lockdown because of the coronavirus. And when she arrived, she immediately went to the personnel office and asked to have her hours reduced.
Like many working parents, Ms. Monti faced a dilemma: how to ease back into her professional life when her three young children still can’t go to school.Like many working parents, Ms. Monti faced a dilemma: how to ease back into her professional life when her three young children still can’t go to school.
Italy, once the epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak in Europe, became the first European country to impose national lockdown restrictions on March 10. On Monday, it lifted some of those restrictions, and around four million Italians returned to work, with more to follow. But schools, nurseries, day cares and summer camps have remained closed.Italy, once the epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak in Europe, became the first European country to impose national lockdown restrictions on March 10. On Monday, it lifted some of those restrictions, and around four million Italians returned to work, with more to follow. But schools, nurseries, day cares and summer camps have remained closed.
Families say the government hasn’t done enough to take into account the unique challenges faced by working parents in the pandemic. And that the measures that have been introduced fall short.Families say the government hasn’t done enough to take into account the unique challenges faced by working parents in the pandemic. And that the measures that have been introduced fall short.
Many parents — and especially mothers — fear they will be forced to choose between their jobs and their family as the country slowly crawls back to life, and have called on the government to step in and act.Many parents — and especially mothers — fear they will be forced to choose between their jobs and their family as the country slowly crawls back to life, and have called on the government to step in and act.
Women in Italy say they feel particularly stretched. Across the European Union, the women’s employment average is 67 percent, compared with 54 percent in Italy. And one study on gender inequality in the country showed that women already shoulder a disproportionate amount of child care duties.Women in Italy say they feel particularly stretched. Across the European Union, the women’s employment average is 67 percent, compared with 54 percent in Italy. And one study on gender inequality in the country showed that women already shoulder a disproportionate amount of child care duties.
Ms. Monti has three children — 12, 10 and 3 — and works as a textile designer for a home décor company not far from Milan. “I was happy to be back at work, but I am not coming with the same spirit you have when your kids are in school and day care,” she said.Ms. Monti has three children — 12, 10 and 3 — and works as a textile designer for a home décor company not far from Milan. “I was happy to be back at work, but I am not coming with the same spirit you have when your kids are in school and day care,” she said.
With her husband going back to to work as well, Ms. Monti said she “parked” her two youngest children with her mother, even though older people are at a higher risk of developing serious complications from coronavirus infections. Her oldest son remained home alone. Not great choices, she admitted, but her options were limited.With her husband going back to to work as well, Ms. Monti said she “parked” her two youngest children with her mother, even though older people are at a higher risk of developing serious complications from coronavirus infections. Her oldest son remained home alone. Not great choices, she admitted, but her options were limited.
The Italian government has issued several measures to assist families juggling work and increased parental responsibilities during the epidemic, including an additional 15 days of annual parental leave and a one-time voucher for 600 euros, about $648, to go toward babysitting.The Italian government has issued several measures to assist families juggling work and increased parental responsibilities during the epidemic, including an additional 15 days of annual parental leave and a one-time voucher for 600 euros, about $648, to go toward babysitting.
Last week, the government announced it was evaluating a plan to reopen nurseries and day cares by the summer. Schools, however, are only expected to reopen in September.Last week, the government announced it was evaluating a plan to reopen nurseries and day cares by the summer. Schools, however, are only expected to reopen in September.
Families are not feeling reassured.Families are not feeling reassured.
“It’s a drama, a problem in the problem,” said Diana Palomba, the president of the Italian branch of the women’s organization Feminin Pluriel, a lawyer and a mother of three who lives in Florence.“It’s a drama, a problem in the problem,” said Diana Palomba, the president of the Italian branch of the women’s organization Feminin Pluriel, a lawyer and a mother of three who lives in Florence.
Italy already lags behind the rest of Europe in terms of women’s employment, Ms. Palomba noted. The current situation “left many Italian women exposed,” and at risk of “going back to the Middle Ages, or the 1950s,” she said.Italy already lags behind the rest of Europe in terms of women’s employment, Ms. Palomba noted. The current situation “left many Italian women exposed,” and at risk of “going back to the Middle Ages, or the 1950s,” she said.
During the lockdown, Ms. Palomba found herself home schooling her elementary-school aged child, for whom distance learning was a challenge. That, and the demands of a 2-year-old toddler, made it difficult for her to work from home. “My clients pay for my time,” she said.During the lockdown, Ms. Palomba found herself home schooling her elementary-school aged child, for whom distance learning was a challenge. That, and the demands of a 2-year-old toddler, made it difficult for her to work from home. “My clients pay for my time,” she said.
“It’s not right for the government to dump everything on the shoulders of the family. It’s basically free work,” she said. “It’s unacceptable.”“It’s not right for the government to dump everything on the shoulders of the family. It’s basically free work,” she said. “It’s unacceptable.”
An article published last month on Lavoce.info, an Italian website, showed that 72 percent of those expected to return to work on Monday would be men, as restrictions on construction sites and factories, where jobs are traditionally held by men, were among the first to be lifted.An article published last month on Lavoce.info, an Italian website, showed that 72 percent of those expected to return to work on Monday would be men, as restrictions on construction sites and factories, where jobs are traditionally held by men, were among the first to be lifted.
The situation, the authors wrote, would “end up increasing the workload of women” at home, where they are already responsible for much of the child care.The situation, the authors wrote, would “end up increasing the workload of women” at home, where they are already responsible for much of the child care.
And many women are speaking out.And many women are speaking out.
With the #primalascuola (“school first”) committee, Cristina Tagliabue has been lobbying the government to reopen schools safely or find a better solution for parents going back to work.With the #primalascuola (“school first”) committee, Cristina Tagliabue has been lobbying the government to reopen schools safely or find a better solution for parents going back to work.
Ms. Tagliabue also helped launched a social media campaign called #Noncisiamo, or “we are not here,” a reference to the fact that families with children aren’t fully being taken into consideration as restrictions are lifted.Ms. Tagliabue also helped launched a social media campaign called #Noncisiamo, or “we are not here,” a reference to the fact that families with children aren’t fully being taken into consideration as restrictions are lifted.
Despite the proliferation of task forces, committees and commissions to help the government make decisions in response to the pandemic, she said, the results “have been really poor” for families.Despite the proliferation of task forces, committees and commissions to help the government make decisions in response to the pandemic, she said, the results “have been really poor” for families.
The country’s minister for equal opportunities and the family, Elena Bonetti, agrees. “It’s true that the measures are not enough,” she said in an interview. “I told the government forcefully that we needed long term strategies.”The country’s minister for equal opportunities and the family, Elena Bonetti, agrees. “It’s true that the measures are not enough,” she said in an interview. “I told the government forcefully that we needed long term strategies.”
Ms. Bonetti said she had outlined a plan to extend parental leave, renew the babysitter voucher and provide a monthly child benefit check to families through the end of the year, but her demands fell on deaf ears.Ms. Bonetti said she had outlined a plan to extend parental leave, renew the babysitter voucher and provide a monthly child benefit check to families through the end of the year, but her demands fell on deaf ears.
“Right now, Italian families are living in a situation of great uncertainty,” Ms. Bonetti said. Families needed to feel supported not only during the lockdown, but after, she added.“Right now, Italian families are living in a situation of great uncertainty,” Ms. Bonetti said. Families needed to feel supported not only during the lockdown, but after, she added.
Italy has one of the lowest fertility rates in Europe. If those numbers were to decrease even further as a consequence of growing uncertainty among potential parents, it “would be a disaster,” Ms. Bonetti said.Italy has one of the lowest fertility rates in Europe. If those numbers were to decrease even further as a consequence of growing uncertainty among potential parents, it “would be a disaster,” Ms. Bonetti said.
Updated June 22, 2020 Updated June 24, 2020
Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles.
A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico.A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico.
The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth.The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth.
The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave.The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave.
So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement.So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement.
Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks.Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks.
A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study.A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study.
The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April.The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April.
States are reopening bit by bit. This means that more public spaces are available for use and more and more businesses are being allowed to open again. The federal government is largely leaving the decision up to states, and some state leaders are leaving the decision up to local authorities. Even if you aren’t being told to stay at home, it’s still a good idea to limit trips outside and your interaction with other people.
Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days.Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days.
If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.)If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.)
If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others.If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others.
If you’re sick and you think you’ve been exposed to the new coronavirus, the C.D.C. recommends that you call your healthcare provider and explain your symptoms and fears. They will decide if you need to be tested. Keep in mind that there’s a chance — because of a lack of testing kits or because you’re asymptomatic, for instance — you won’t be able to get tested.
Diana de Marchi, a municipal councilor for the Democratic Party in Milan, said it was telling — and shameful — that so few women had been included in the various committees advising the government during the crisis. The exclusion, Ms. De Marchi said, reflected a deeply rooted cultural bias that ignored family needs, like solutions to child care.Diana de Marchi, a municipal councilor for the Democratic Party in Milan, said it was telling — and shameful — that so few women had been included in the various committees advising the government during the crisis. The exclusion, Ms. De Marchi said, reflected a deeply rooted cultural bias that ignored family needs, like solutions to child care.
Men “don’t think that the female point of view and experience is necessary,” Ms. de Marchi said.Men “don’t think that the female point of view and experience is necessary,” Ms. de Marchi said.
On Monday, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said he would ask that more women be included on the committees.On Monday, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said he would ask that more women be included on the committees.
Government officials in Milan are urging companies to allow people to continue working from home until more solutions are available to families, Ms. de Marchi said. But working from home has its own challenges.Government officials in Milan are urging companies to allow people to continue working from home until more solutions are available to families, Ms. de Marchi said. But working from home has its own challenges.
“You begin to work and your kids want breakfast, and then it’s a continual, ‘Mom, where’s this, where’s that.’ It’s been rather difficult,” said Alessandra Spada, a single parent of two in Cagliari, Sardinia, who returned to work on Monday, leaving her children — 14 and 11 — home alone.“You begin to work and your kids want breakfast, and then it’s a continual, ‘Mom, where’s this, where’s that.’ It’s been rather difficult,” said Alessandra Spada, a single parent of two in Cagliari, Sardinia, who returned to work on Monday, leaving her children — 14 and 11 — home alone.
Making the situation even harder, the Italian networks that normally support families — like church, after-school programs and sports centers — have also shut down.Making the situation even harder, the Italian networks that normally support families — like church, after-school programs and sports centers — have also shut down.
“A family like mine doesn’t know what to do,” said Gigi De Palo, a father of five children and the president of the Forum of Family Associations, an organization that promotes family issues.“A family like mine doesn’t know what to do,” said Gigi De Palo, a father of five children and the president of the Forum of Family Associations, an organization that promotes family issues.
While businesses and even self-employed people have been given financial assistance, like state-backed bank loans and suspended tax payments, families have been mostly excluded from those government benefits, Mr. De Palo said.While businesses and even self-employed people have been given financial assistance, like state-backed bank loans and suspended tax payments, families have been mostly excluded from those government benefits, Mr. De Palo said.
“During Covid, the family is helping the state save money” by taking over responsibilities like education without getting anything in return, he said.“During Covid, the family is helping the state save money” by taking over responsibilities like education without getting anything in return, he said.
“The real problem is that the government’s proposals aren’t based in reality,” Mr. De Palo added. “They were conceived in government offices, not after listening to families.”“The real problem is that the government’s proposals aren’t based in reality,” Mr. De Palo added. “They were conceived in government offices, not after listening to families.”
Mr. De Palo’s organization organized a flash mob on Sunday, when Italian families took to their balconies at 6 p.m. to applaud each other in the absence of recognition and support from the government.Mr. De Palo’s organization organized a flash mob on Sunday, when Italian families took to their balconies at 6 p.m. to applaud each other in the absence of recognition and support from the government.
“I get the feeling that they take for granted that the family will hold up, that families will be able to make it,” he said.“I get the feeling that they take for granted that the family will hold up, that families will be able to make it,” he said.
But many won’t, he warned.But many won’t, he warned.
“People are getting poorer,” he said. “People are getting fed up.”“People are getting poorer,” he said. “People are getting fed up.”