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| Houston Moves to ‘Severe’ Covid Warning. Will Enough People Listen? | Houston Moves to ‘Severe’ Covid Warning. Will Enough People Listen? |
| (2 days later) | |
| HOUSTON — Alex Belt, a single mother of three girls and the owner of Silly Silly Girls gift boutique, has a succinct way of describing her life in Houston as officials warn of an alarming spike in coronavirus cases: “Business as usual without the business.” | HOUSTON — Alex Belt, a single mother of three girls and the owner of Silly Silly Girls gift boutique, has a succinct way of describing her life in Houston as officials warn of an alarming spike in coronavirus cases: “Business as usual without the business.” |
| When Ms. Belt, 46, first reopened her store after weeks of mandatory business closures, a wave of loyal customers came in to show their support. Lately, though, the store has often been empty again as Houston residents try to make sense of a fluctuating series of recommendations from state and local officials and a virus that seems to be characterized chiefly by its unpredictability. | When Ms. Belt, 46, first reopened her store after weeks of mandatory business closures, a wave of loyal customers came in to show their support. Lately, though, the store has often been empty again as Houston residents try to make sense of a fluctuating series of recommendations from state and local officials and a virus that seems to be characterized chiefly by its unpredictability. |
| “It’s hurt us all over the board,” Ms. Belt said. “People are just scared.” | “It’s hurt us all over the board,” Ms. Belt said. “People are just scared.” |
| On Friday, a troubling spike in virus cases led county officials to again urge residents to stay in their homes, nearly two months after the state had started to reopen. Texas, like Florida and parts of California, Idaho and other states where cases are on the rise, has reinstated some of the restrictions it once lifted. But some fear that Texans who were told only recently that it was safe to gather in small numbers, shop and go to restaurants may not be as willing to hunker down inside — again. | On Friday, a troubling spike in virus cases led county officials to again urge residents to stay in their homes, nearly two months after the state had started to reopen. Texas, like Florida and parts of California, Idaho and other states where cases are on the rise, has reinstated some of the restrictions it once lifted. But some fear that Texans who were told only recently that it was safe to gather in small numbers, shop and go to restaurants may not be as willing to hunker down inside — again. |
| When officials in Harris County, which includes Houston, sent a message to residents’ cellphones on Friday evening, alerting them that the virus threat level had been bumped up to “LEVEL 1 (RED) SEVERE,” many residents were doing the opposite of what the advisory recommended: avoid gatherings, stay at home except for necessary tasks and wear a mask. | When officials in Harris County, which includes Houston, sent a message to residents’ cellphones on Friday evening, alerting them that the virus threat level had been bumped up to “LEVEL 1 (RED) SEVERE,” many residents were doing the opposite of what the advisory recommended: avoid gatherings, stay at home except for necessary tasks and wear a mask. |
| The bumper-to-bumper vehicles crawling along a section of Interstate 610 resembled pre-coronavirus traffic. And at a shopping plaza off Interstate 10 with a view of the downtown skyline, the parking lot was packed, as shoppers headed in and out of a grocery store, liquor shop and salon. | The bumper-to-bumper vehicles crawling along a section of Interstate 610 resembled pre-coronavirus traffic. And at a shopping plaza off Interstate 10 with a view of the downtown skyline, the parking lot was packed, as shoppers headed in and out of a grocery store, liquor shop and salon. |
| Houston had until recently avoided the worst of the pandemic. In April, county officials had shuttered a medical shelter that was meant to serve coronavirus patients in case hospitals were overrun. That never happened. On May 1, Gov. Greg Abbott said he would begin to reopen the state in phases. | Houston had until recently avoided the worst of the pandemic. In April, county officials had shuttered a medical shelter that was meant to serve coronavirus patients in case hospitals were overrun. That never happened. On May 1, Gov. Greg Abbott said he would begin to reopen the state in phases. |
| But on Friday, Lina Hidalgo, the Harris County judge, warned that hospitals would be overwhelmed if people did not stay inside. | But on Friday, Lina Hidalgo, the Harris County judge, warned that hospitals would be overwhelmed if people did not stay inside. |
| “We are in a worse situation now than we were back then, and the only thing that worked back then was flattening that curve by staying home,” Ms. Hidalgo said at a news conference, adding bluntly that the rise in cases was happening because “we opened too quickly.” | “We are in a worse situation now than we were back then, and the only thing that worked back then was flattening that curve by staying home,” Ms. Hidalgo said at a news conference, adding bluntly that the rise in cases was happening because “we opened too quickly.” |
| Harris County, home to about 4.7 million people, has seen a sudden rise in reported cases over the last few weeks. There have now been at least 28,255 cases in the county and 361 deaths, a majority of which have come from within Houston’s city limits. | Harris County, home to about 4.7 million people, has seen a sudden rise in reported cases over the last few weeks. There have now been at least 28,255 cases in the county and 361 deaths, a majority of which have come from within Houston’s city limits. |
| But despite Ms. Hidalgo’s urging residents to stay home, the county is not under a stay-at-home order as it was two months ago because Mr. Abbott’s reopening guidelines supersede Ms. Hidalgo’s recommendations. She said at the news conference that she had urged the governor to let her issue an enforceable stay-at-home order, and when that did not happen, she pleaded with residents to remain at home voluntarily. | But despite Ms. Hidalgo’s urging residents to stay home, the county is not under a stay-at-home order as it was two months ago because Mr. Abbott’s reopening guidelines supersede Ms. Hidalgo’s recommendations. She said at the news conference that she had urged the governor to let her issue an enforceable stay-at-home order, and when that did not happen, she pleaded with residents to remain at home voluntarily. |
| At Gatlin’s BBQ in Houston, the restaurant owners kept a tighter limit on customers than the state guidelines require because Mary Gatlin, 69, a co-owner, felt it was simply too soon. They have been mostly serving takeout and allowing customers at only 25 percent of full capacity. Even so, they are sometimes selling out of brisket and ribs. | At Gatlin’s BBQ in Houston, the restaurant owners kept a tighter limit on customers than the state guidelines require because Mary Gatlin, 69, a co-owner, felt it was simply too soon. They have been mostly serving takeout and allowing customers at only 25 percent of full capacity. Even so, they are sometimes selling out of brisket and ribs. |
| “Our neighbors all around the area, they actually support us, and we really thank God for them, because they’re helping to keep us open and to keep the employees that we have working,” Ms. Gatlin said. | “Our neighbors all around the area, they actually support us, and we really thank God for them, because they’re helping to keep us open and to keep the employees that we have working,” Ms. Gatlin said. |
| Houstonians are not the only ones who have had to deal with whipsawing public health guidelines. In Florida, where cases are also rising, officials banned alcohol consumption at bars, an acknowledgment that infections could be spreading there. Bars in and around Boise, Idaho, were ordered closed only weeks after they had opened. | Houstonians are not the only ones who have had to deal with whipsawing public health guidelines. In Florida, where cases are also rising, officials banned alcohol consumption at bars, an acknowledgment that infections could be spreading there. Bars in and around Boise, Idaho, were ordered closed only weeks after they had opened. |
| Russ Duke, the director of the state health agency in Idaho that oversees four central counties, moved Ada County, which includes Boise, back one stage in its reopening progression this week after investigators determined that half of the region’s new cases were among people who had flocked to the just-opened bars and nightclubs. Mr. Duke said it seemed increasingly clear that reopening would have to happen slowly and cautiously, allowing a reversal to more restrictive measures if things got worse. | Russ Duke, the director of the state health agency in Idaho that oversees four central counties, moved Ada County, which includes Boise, back one stage in its reopening progression this week after investigators determined that half of the region’s new cases were among people who had flocked to the just-opened bars and nightclubs. Mr. Duke said it seemed increasingly clear that reopening would have to happen slowly and cautiously, allowing a reversal to more restrictive measures if things got worse. |
| “We’ll be able to kind of dial this up and down based on what we’re seeing,” Mr. Duke said, later adding: “The sad reality is there’s going to be no choice but to implement restrictions and lift restrictions until we have a vaccine or an effective treatment.” | “We’ll be able to kind of dial this up and down based on what we’re seeing,” Mr. Duke said, later adding: “The sad reality is there’s going to be no choice but to implement restrictions and lift restrictions until we have a vaccine or an effective treatment.” |
| That back-and-forth in several states raised questions about how seriously the public would comply after weeks of relative freedom. | That back-and-forth in several states raised questions about how seriously the public would comply after weeks of relative freedom. |
| Updated June 30, 2020 | |
| Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days. | |
| Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles. | Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles. |
| A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico. | A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico. |
| The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth. | The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth. |
| The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave. | The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave. |
| So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement. | So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement. |
| Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks. | Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks. |
| A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study. | A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study. |
| The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April. | The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April. |
| If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.) | If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.) |
| If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others. | If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others. |
| “It’s hard to put the toothpaste back in the tube once you’ve got it out,” said Brandon Rottinghaus, a political-science professor at the University of Houston. “It’s hard to get enough people to follow the rules when the rules keep changing.” | “It’s hard to put the toothpaste back in the tube once you’ve got it out,” said Brandon Rottinghaus, a political-science professor at the University of Houston. “It’s hard to get enough people to follow the rules when the rules keep changing.” |
| As cases rise in Harris County, residents have overrun testing sites. Two stadium testing locations in Houston reached capacity just hours after opening on Saturday, according to the city’s Health Department. | As cases rise in Harris County, residents have overrun testing sites. Two stadium testing locations in Houston reached capacity just hours after opening on Saturday, according to the city’s Health Department. |
| Joi Ross-Moore said she arrived at a drive-through facility at 8 a.m. on Tuesday and was told that people had been waiting since 4 a.m. Unable to get a test, Ms. Ross-Moore had to go to a different facility the next day. | Joi Ross-Moore said she arrived at a drive-through facility at 8 a.m. on Tuesday and was told that people had been waiting since 4 a.m. Unable to get a test, Ms. Ross-Moore had to go to a different facility the next day. |
| “It’s exploded here,” Ms. Ross-Moore said. | “It’s exploded here,” Ms. Ross-Moore said. |
| Ms. Belt saw a good uptick in business at her boutique after it reopened, with a lot of loyal customers — mostly neighborhood moms — coming back to show their support, buying artwork, gifts and toys. | Ms. Belt saw a good uptick in business at her boutique after it reopened, with a lot of loyal customers — mostly neighborhood moms — coming back to show their support, buying artwork, gifts and toys. |
| Since then, while there are plenty of people at malls and restaurants, there have been only a handful of customers at her store. | Since then, while there are plenty of people at malls and restaurants, there have been only a handful of customers at her store. |
| The drop in sales is hurting her bottom line, but she understands that people are frightened. She is, too. | The drop in sales is hurting her bottom line, but she understands that people are frightened. She is, too. |
| “This is unfortunately what we have to deal with,” she said. “It’s scary.” | “This is unfortunately what we have to deal with,” she said. “It’s scary.” |
| Manny Fernandez reported from Houston and David Montgomery from Austin. Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs and Giulia McDonnell Nieto del Rio contributed reporting from New York. | Manny Fernandez reported from Houston and David Montgomery from Austin. Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs and Giulia McDonnell Nieto del Rio contributed reporting from New York. |