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America’s Governors Get Tested for a Virus That Is Testing Them America’s Governors Get Tested for a Virus That Is Testing Them
(32 minutes later)
HOUSTON — Governors have always been judged on their disaster responses, but the coronavirus wreaking havoc across the country these days does not recede like floodwaters and cannot be tamed by calling out the National Guard.HOUSTON — Governors have always been judged on their disaster responses, but the coronavirus wreaking havoc across the country these days does not recede like floodwaters and cannot be tamed by calling out the National Guard.
The states’ chief executives have been tested for the very virus that keeps testing them — politically, personally, logistically. And they have been forced onto the national and global stage in a way few governors have ever endured — an unending and very public test on a highly scientific and ever-shifting subject with the lives of their constituents, the economies of their states and their political careers at stake.The states’ chief executives have been tested for the very virus that keeps testing them — politically, personally, logistically. And they have been forced onto the national and global stage in a way few governors have ever endured — an unending and very public test on a highly scientific and ever-shifting subject with the lives of their constituents, the economies of their states and their political careers at stake.
Tate Reeves has been the governor of Mississippi for just under six months. During that time, he has had a very full plate: deadly tornadoes, the flooding of the capital city of Jackson, violence in the state prisons, a vote to take down the flag with the Confederate battle emblem.Tate Reeves has been the governor of Mississippi for just under six months. During that time, he has had a very full plate: deadly tornadoes, the flooding of the capital city of Jackson, violence in the state prisons, a vote to take down the flag with the Confederate battle emblem.
But the coronavirus has eclipsed all of that, and in recent days, the virus was threatening the Statehouse and his own house a few blocks away.But the coronavirus has eclipsed all of that, and in recent days, the virus was threatening the Statehouse and his own house a few blocks away.
Mr. Reeves, 46, was tested for the virus, as were his wife and three daughters. The tests came back negative, but many of his colleagues at the Mississippi State Capitol were not as lucky — the virus has infected 26 lawmakers, including the lieutenant governor and the House speaker. Cases have surged statewide — the state has averaged more than 700 new cases daily — and intensive care units at many of the state’s largest hospitals are near capacity.Mr. Reeves, 46, was tested for the virus, as were his wife and three daughters. The tests came back negative, but many of his colleagues at the Mississippi State Capitol were not as lucky — the virus has infected 26 lawmakers, including the lieutenant governor and the House speaker. Cases have surged statewide — the state has averaged more than 700 new cases daily — and intensive care units at many of the state’s largest hospitals are near capacity.
“I have taken to replacing sleeping with praying,” Mr. Reeves, an accountant before he got into politics, told reporters.“I have taken to replacing sleeping with praying,” Mr. Reeves, an accountant before he got into politics, told reporters.
The pandemic has put Mr. Reeves, a Republican, and many of America’s governors of both parties under a spotlight for which none of their aides and consultants have a playbook. Interviews with aides, advisers and others involved in the coronavirus response efforts of seven governors revealed just how much the crisis has upended their offices, their lives, and how they approach the job. For some, it has magnified their weaknesses and drawn out tensions even within their own parties.The pandemic has put Mr. Reeves, a Republican, and many of America’s governors of both parties under a spotlight for which none of their aides and consultants have a playbook. Interviews with aides, advisers and others involved in the coronavirus response efforts of seven governors revealed just how much the crisis has upended their offices, their lives, and how they approach the job. For some, it has magnified their weaknesses and drawn out tensions even within their own parties.
The crisis reached a boiling point this month for some governors, as the virus spread and deaths increased in a swath of states that governors had reopened. By this week, the outbreak was growing across 39 states, from hot spots across the Sun Belt to new surges emerging in the nation’s middle. Florida reported the highest single-day total of new virus cases of any state — more than 15,000 — since the start of the pandemic. And leaders in some places, including one county in Texas, have been calling for a return of stay-at-home orders amid surges of new virus cases.The crisis reached a boiling point this month for some governors, as the virus spread and deaths increased in a swath of states that governors had reopened. By this week, the outbreak was growing across 39 states, from hot spots across the Sun Belt to new surges emerging in the nation’s middle. Florida reported the highest single-day total of new virus cases of any state — more than 15,000 — since the start of the pandemic. And leaders in some places, including one county in Texas, have been calling for a return of stay-at-home orders amid surges of new virus cases.
Reversing course — a practice governors prefer not to be seen doing — has become routine in the age of coronavirus on policies around masks, crowds, bars and more.Reversing course — a practice governors prefer not to be seen doing — has become routine in the age of coronavirus on policies around masks, crowds, bars and more.
Mr. Reeves had once been eager to lift the restrictions stalling Mississippi’s economy, hoping to have the whole state open by July 1. Now, he has been warning residents of a “slow-moving disaster” and made masks mandatory in 13 of the hardest-hit counties.Mr. Reeves had once been eager to lift the restrictions stalling Mississippi’s economy, hoping to have the whole state open by July 1. Now, he has been warning residents of a “slow-moving disaster” and made masks mandatory in 13 of the hardest-hit counties.
Gov. Greg Abbott of Texas, a Republican, was adamant for weeks that government could not mandate masks. Just before the Fourth of July weekend, as cases and hospitalizations skyrocketed, he swiftly reversed, ordering all Texans to cover their faces in most situations.Gov. Greg Abbott of Texas, a Republican, was adamant for weeks that government could not mandate masks. Just before the Fourth of July weekend, as cases and hospitalizations skyrocketed, he swiftly reversed, ordering all Texans to cover their faces in most situations.
Minutes before the announcement, he held a conference call with lawmakers, many of them irate Republicans who have grown weary of his mandates, flip-flops and rushed, behind-the-scenes calls.Minutes before the announcement, he held a conference call with lawmakers, many of them irate Republicans who have grown weary of his mandates, flip-flops and rushed, behind-the-scenes calls.
“He is doing all this on his own, as far as I can tell, with little to no input,” said State Representative Jonathan Stickland, a conservative from the Fort Worth suburbs who was on the call and said lawmakers were not permitted to ask any questions. “It’s a one-way conversation. The last time I checked we didn’t elect a king in Texas.”“He is doing all this on his own, as far as I can tell, with little to no input,” said State Representative Jonathan Stickland, a conservative from the Fort Worth suburbs who was on the call and said lawmakers were not permitted to ask any questions. “It’s a one-way conversation. The last time I checked we didn’t elect a king in Texas.”
The seven governors whose crisis moments were reviewed by The New York Times — Mr. Reeves of Mississippi; Mr. Abbott of Texas; Gov. Jay Inslee of Washington State; Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida; Gov. Gavin Newsom of California; Gov. Laura Kelly of Kansas; and Gov. David Ige of Hawaii — have been scrambling in ways large and small, in manners seen and unseen by the public.Mr. Inslee, a Democrat, managed the crisis without the guidance of some members of his staff on various days last week, including his chief of staff. They had to take a day off for furloughs — a requirement as the state grapples with financial shortfalls caused by the pandemic.The seven governors whose crisis moments were reviewed by The New York Times — Mr. Reeves of Mississippi; Mr. Abbott of Texas; Gov. Jay Inslee of Washington State; Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida; Gov. Gavin Newsom of California; Gov. Laura Kelly of Kansas; and Gov. David Ige of Hawaii — have been scrambling in ways large and small, in manners seen and unseen by the public.Mr. Inslee, a Democrat, managed the crisis without the guidance of some members of his staff on various days last week, including his chief of staff. They had to take a day off for furloughs — a requirement as the state grapples with financial shortfalls caused by the pandemic.
Mr. Abbott has had his deputy chief of staff talk to the head of the Texas Restaurant Association to relay the latest developments, but Mr. DeSantis in Florida — whose wife, Casey, gave birth in late March to their third child — often gets on the line himself.Mr. Abbott has had his deputy chief of staff talk to the head of the Texas Restaurant Association to relay the latest developments, but Mr. DeSantis in Florida — whose wife, Casey, gave birth in late March to their third child — often gets on the line himself.
“I don’t get a heads up from the governor that he’s going to call, he just calls,” said David M. Kerner, the mayor of Palm Beach County. “At first it caught me off guard.”“I don’t get a heads up from the governor that he’s going to call, he just calls,” said David M. Kerner, the mayor of Palm Beach County. “At first it caught me off guard.”
Ms. Kelly, the Democratic governor of Kansas, has kept her circle of pandemic advisers small, relying largely on the expertise of her top health official.Ms. Kelly, the Democratic governor of Kansas, has kept her circle of pandemic advisers small, relying largely on the expertise of her top health official.
Hawaii’s Democratic governor, Mr. Ige, was criticized, according to local news reports, for keeping his inner circle too small by excluding the lieutenant governor, who happened to be a practicing emergency room physician. Early in the pandemic, Mr. Ige’s administration was reluctant to expand testing, but Lt. Gov. Josh Green wanted an aggressive expansion. In an interview, Mr. Ige attributed the tension to “misunderstanding and miscommunication,” and said the lieutenant governor had been continuously involved in the response.Hawaii’s Democratic governor, Mr. Ige, was criticized, according to local news reports, for keeping his inner circle too small by excluding the lieutenant governor, who happened to be a practicing emergency room physician. Early in the pandemic, Mr. Ige’s administration was reluctant to expand testing, but Lt. Gov. Josh Green wanted an aggressive expansion. In an interview, Mr. Ige attributed the tension to “misunderstanding and miscommunication,” and said the lieutenant governor had been continuously involved in the response.
This is a crisis that governors are managing remotely.This is a crisis that governors are managing remotely.
On Thursday morning, Mr. Inslee settled at a kitchen table inside the governor’s mansion in Olympia, Wash., for a series of videoconference meetings. To get the tablet screen up to eye level, the governor placed it on top of a book — “A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House.” He used an album, Judy Collins’s “Strangers Again,” to prop it at an angle that worked. On the couch nearby, Mr. Inslee’s wife, Trudi, read a copy of The Seattle Times.On Thursday morning, Mr. Inslee settled at a kitchen table inside the governor’s mansion in Olympia, Wash., for a series of videoconference meetings. To get the tablet screen up to eye level, the governor placed it on top of a book — “A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House.” He used an album, Judy Collins’s “Strangers Again,” to prop it at an angle that worked. On the couch nearby, Mr. Inslee’s wife, Trudi, read a copy of The Seattle Times.
Such are the coronavirus war rooms of state chief executives.Such are the coronavirus war rooms of state chief executives.
Mr. DeSantis, who has been criticized for reopening Florida too fast and for not issuing a statewide mask mandate, was perhaps the most mobile of the seven governors, leaving home frequently to attend public events. He held three news conferences in three cities in a single week, often wearing a mask that he slipped off when he spoke at the microphone. Mr. Inslee, by comparison, has taken to wearing his mask even during video news conferences, his voice muffled as a result.Mr. DeSantis, who has been criticized for reopening Florida too fast and for not issuing a statewide mask mandate, was perhaps the most mobile of the seven governors, leaving home frequently to attend public events. He held three news conferences in three cities in a single week, often wearing a mask that he slipped off when he spoke at the microphone. Mr. Inslee, by comparison, has taken to wearing his mask even during video news conferences, his voice muffled as a result.
Without a coordinated federal response, governors find themselves in an awkward role, appearing to wield much of the decision-making around managing the crisis, but also expected to hear out and satisfy the wishes of mayors, restaurant owners, emergency medical workers and everyone else. The result: all sorts of new coronavirus committees and task forces — and bureaucratic snarls.Without a coordinated federal response, governors find themselves in an awkward role, appearing to wield much of the decision-making around managing the crisis, but also expected to hear out and satisfy the wishes of mayors, restaurant owners, emergency medical workers and everyone else. The result: all sorts of new coronavirus committees and task forces — and bureaucratic snarls.
Updated July 15, 2020Updated July 15, 2020
The coronavirus can stay aloft for hours in tiny droplets in stagnant air, infecting people as they inhale, mounting scientific evidence suggests. This risk is highest in crowded indoor spaces with poor ventilation, and may help explain super-spreading events reported in meatpacking plants, churches and restaurants. It’s unclear how often the virus is spread via these tiny droplets, or aerosols, compared with larger droplets that are expelled when a sick person coughs or sneezes, or transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces, said Linsey Marr, an aerosol expert at Virginia Tech. Aerosols are released even when a person without symptoms exhales, talks or sings, according to Dr. Marr and more than 200 other experts, who have outlined the evidence in an open letter to the World Health Organization.
Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days.
Scientists around the country have tried to identify everyday materials that do a good job of filtering microscopic particles. In recent tests, HEPA furnace filters scored high, as did vacuum cleaner bags, fabric similar to flannel pajamas and those of 600-count pillowcases. Other materials tested included layered coffee filters and scarves and bandannas. These scored lower, but still captured a small percentage of particles.
A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico.
The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth.
The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave.
So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement.
Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks.
A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study.
If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.)
If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others.
Even with so much advice, governors seemed to be making it up as they go.Even with so much advice, governors seemed to be making it up as they go.
Dr. Lee A. Norman, the secretary of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment and a colonel in the Kansas Army National Guard, said the coronavirus crisis reminded him of his deployments in the Middle East in that he and Governor Kelly have had to make decisions without as much data as they would like. Kansas has averaged more than 400 cases per day over the past week, its highest numbers yet. Infections have risen around Wichita, Topeka and the Kansas City suburbs.Dr. Lee A. Norman, the secretary of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment and a colonel in the Kansas Army National Guard, said the coronavirus crisis reminded him of his deployments in the Middle East in that he and Governor Kelly have had to make decisions without as much data as they would like. Kansas has averaged more than 400 cases per day over the past week, its highest numbers yet. Infections have risen around Wichita, Topeka and the Kansas City suburbs.
“This very much has that same feel,” he said of his experience in the military and with the virus. “We’re making decisions before we have complete information and we have to use our best data and judgment and make bold decisions.”“This very much has that same feel,” he said of his experience in the military and with the virus. “We’re making decisions before we have complete information and we have to use our best data and judgment and make bold decisions.”
In California, Mr. Newsom awakens early with his children on most days and starts emailing his staff by 6 a.m. He dons a mask and works not out of the domed Capitol in Sacramento, but out of the California Office of Emergency Services command center, a complex in the suburb of Carmichael, Calif., where he and his family live.In California, Mr. Newsom awakens early with his children on most days and starts emailing his staff by 6 a.m. He dons a mask and works not out of the domed Capitol in Sacramento, but out of the California Office of Emergency Services command center, a complex in the suburb of Carmichael, Calif., where he and his family live.
Mornings are for meetings and prep for the noon livestream news conference that Mr. Newsom has done almost daily since the start of the pandemic. The Capitol press corps calls the news conferences “Newsom at Noon” and for a while some swapped bingo cards with his go-to phrases: “Bend the curve.” “Meet the moment.” “Localism is determinative.”Mornings are for meetings and prep for the noon livestream news conference that Mr. Newsom has done almost daily since the start of the pandemic. The Capitol press corps calls the news conferences “Newsom at Noon” and for a while some swapped bingo cards with his go-to phrases: “Bend the curve.” “Meet the moment.” “Localism is determinative.”
California acted early to impose a stay-at-home order but the virus, after appearing under control, is on the upswing. That is no surprise to Mr. Newsom, who says that the early shutdown helped the state prepare.California acted early to impose a stay-at-home order but the virus, after appearing under control, is on the upswing. That is no surprise to Mr. Newsom, who says that the early shutdown helped the state prepare.
“It bought us time to build out our health care delivery system,” Mr. Newsom said in an interview this month. The state has wrestled with a surge in cases; Los Angeles County alone has been averaging more than 2,600 cases per day.“It bought us time to build out our health care delivery system,” Mr. Newsom said in an interview this month. The state has wrestled with a surge in cases; Los Angeles County alone has been averaging more than 2,600 cases per day.
For Mr. Reeves in Mississippi, who was sworn in on Jan. 14, one of his challenges has been in publicly shifting his pandemic posture, from being eager to reopen the economy to urging caution and toughening restrictions.For Mr. Reeves in Mississippi, who was sworn in on Jan. 14, one of his challenges has been in publicly shifting his pandemic posture, from being eager to reopen the economy to urging caution and toughening restrictions.
He has spent much of his time in recent days ringing alarm bells he had ignored for weeks, telling reporters on Wednesday that the “situation that we have feared is upon us” and urging people to wear a mask and stay home as much as possible.He has spent much of his time in recent days ringing alarm bells he had ignored for weeks, telling reporters on Wednesday that the “situation that we have feared is upon us” and urging people to wear a mask and stay home as much as possible.
“He’s dealt with more emergencies than most elected officials deal with in their entire time in office, and this has been like no other,” said Pat Fontaine, who is the executive director of the Mississippi Hospitality and Restaurant Association and who has been in regular contact with the governor’s office.“He’s dealt with more emergencies than most elected officials deal with in their entire time in office, and this has been like no other,” said Pat Fontaine, who is the executive director of the Mississippi Hospitality and Restaurant Association and who has been in regular contact with the governor’s office.
At some daily briefings, Mr. Reeves has wished a happy birthday to Mississippians: Alex, Brianna, Alana, Mariah, Asher and Billy. One day, he pointed out that one boy was a green belt in karate. And then he came to Ian Sylvester.At some daily briefings, Mr. Reeves has wished a happy birthday to Mississippians: Alex, Brianna, Alana, Mariah, Asher and Billy. One day, he pointed out that one boy was a green belt in karate. And then he came to Ian Sylvester.
“Ian Sylvester loves his dog Happy,” Mr. Reeves said, after looking up from his notes. “Everyone these days needs a dog named Happy.”“Ian Sylvester loves his dog Happy,” Mr. Reeves said, after looking up from his notes. “Everyone these days needs a dog named Happy.”
Manny Fernandez reported from Houston, Rick Rojas from Jackson, Miss., Shawn Hubler from Sacramento, and Mike Baker from Seattle. Contributing reporting were Frances Robles from Key West, Fla., Simon Romero from Albuquerque, and Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs from New York.Manny Fernandez reported from Houston, Rick Rojas from Jackson, Miss., Shawn Hubler from Sacramento, and Mike Baker from Seattle. Contributing reporting were Frances Robles from Key West, Fla., Simon Romero from Albuquerque, and Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs from New York.