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Britain plans first Moon mission Britain plans first Moon mission
(about 10 hours later)
The UK could soon have its first mission to the Moon - an orbiting spacecraft that would fire instruments into the lunar surface.The UK could soon have its first mission to the Moon - an orbiting spacecraft that would fire instruments into the lunar surface.
The "penetrators" would yield new information about the rocky interior.The "penetrators" would yield new information about the rocky interior.
The venture is being considered by Britain's astronomy funding agency, PParc, and may pass to the government as a full proposal. The venture has been considered by Britain's astronomy funding agency, PParc, and has been presented to European partners.
The concept has been prepared by Surrey Satellite Technology Limited, one of the country's leading space companies. The concept is the work of a consortium of space interests, including Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL).
Its founder and chief executive, Professor Sir Martin Sweeting, has written a report which says the costs of space exploration have fallen sufficiently for the UK to think about launching such a probe by 2010. SSTL's founder and chief executive, Professor Sir Martin Sweeting, says the costs of space exploration have fallen sufficiently for the UK to think about leading such a mission, which could be at the Moon by 2010.
Inside the MoonInside the Moon
Sir Martin proposes two options for Britain's first foray to the Moon. The consortium proposed two lunar options.
The first, named Moonlight, would despatch four suitcase-sized darts on to the lunar surface from orbit. The darts would be sent into craters across a wide area. There have been 12 astronauts on the Moon and more than 40 unmanned probes and yet we know surprisingly little about our nearest neighbour Dr Andrew Coates, Mullard Space Science Lab The first, named Moonlight, would despatch four suitcase-sized darts on to the lunar surface from orbit. The darts would be sent into craters across a wide area.
They would hit the ground at a high velocity and penetrate to a depth of 2m (6ft). They would hit the ground at a high velocity (300m/s) and penetrate to a depth of 2m (6ft).
There have been 12 astronauts on the Moon and more than 40 unmanned probes and yet we know surprisingly little about our nearest neighbour Dr Andrew Coates, Mullard Space Science Lab
The darts could carry a small suite of instruments, such as seismometers to listen for "Moonquakes". Analysing these tremors would give scientists new insight into the make-up of the lunar interior.The darts could carry a small suite of instruments, such as seismometers to listen for "Moonquakes". Analysing these tremors would give scientists new insight into the make-up of the lunar interior.
Prof Alan Smith, of University College London's Mullard Space Science Laboratory, which has contributed to the concept study, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "The idea is that by about 2010 we will launch four scientific high-impact probes.
"They will land on the moon at about 400mph. They will make various scientific measurements sampling various parts of the moon."
Mysterious
Prof Smith added that the mission would also test technology which could be used to explore Mars.
According to Dr Andrew Coates, of the Mullard Space Science Lab and who has contributed to the concept study, the impactors would represent the first time there had been a detailed study of the Moon's sub-surface.According to Dr Andrew Coates, of the Mullard Space Science Lab and who has contributed to the concept study, the impactors would represent the first time there had been a detailed study of the Moon's sub-surface.
"There have been 12 astronauts on the Moon and more than 40 unmanned probes and yet we know surprisingly little about our nearest neighbour," he said. Moonraker would attempt to land on the lunar surface"There have been 12 astronauts on the Moon and more than 40 unmanned probes and yet we know surprisingly little about our nearest neighbour," he said.
"Previous missions have focussed on the side of the Moon that faces the Earth. Our plan with Moonlight is for the first time is to explore the mysterious far side of the Moon as well.""Previous missions have focussed on the side of the Moon that faces the Earth. Our plan with Moonlight is for the first time is to explore the mysterious far side of the Moon as well."
If Moonlight was successful, the proposal is to follow it up with a spacecraft called Moonraker. This is designed to land on the lunar surface. As well as Moonlight, the consortium proposed another mission called Moonraker. This is designed to land on the lunar surface.
Moonraker would attempt to land on the lunar surface Its scientific goal would be to study the lunar surface, perhaps at the poles or in the giant impact crater that resides on the far side of the Moon. It might also provide useful information for space agencies searching for suitable sites for eventual human habitation.
Its job would be to search for suitable sites for eventual human habitation, as part of the US space agency's (Nasa) plans to begin colonising Earth's satellite by 2020.
Until now, Britain's involvement in space has been as a partner in co-operation with Nasa and the European Space Agency (Esa); but Sir Martin feels the time is now right for the UK to push out on its own.
"Because, for the first time, it's now affordable," he told BBC News. "Current small missions to the Moon cost about 500 million euros. With advances in small satellites, we could probably cut the cost by at least a fifth."
The missions would give UK scientists more opportunities to study the Moon; but Sir Martin believes Britain should also go solo because it would present British industry with an incredible opportunity.
Economic gainEconomic gain
Britain's involvement in space has been as a partner in co-operation with Nasa and the European Space Agency (Esa); and that is unlikely to change. But Sir Martin feels the time is now right for the UK to try to push its ideas to the fore; it should try to lead these types of missions.
"For the first time, it's now affordable," he told BBC News. "Current small missions to the Moon cost about 500 million euros. With advances in small satellites, we could probably cut the cost by at least a fifth."
The missions would give UK scientists more opportunities to study the Moon; but, Sir Martin believes, they also present British industry with an incredible opportunity.
The Americans intend to set up a lunar colony; and the European, Indian and Chinese space agencies all have designs on the Moon.The Americans intend to set up a lunar colony; and the European, Indian and Chinese space agencies all have designs on the Moon.
Sir Martin thinks a UK "Moonshot" could provide the focus for British space companies to develop support technologies for what is rapidly turning into a 21st-Century space race. Sir Martin thinks a UK-led "Moonshot" could provide the focus for British space companies to develop support technologies for what is rapidly turning into a 21st-Century space race.
"In the UK, we have tremendous expertise in this area. A UK Moon programme would enable us to get a foothold in what could turn out to be an economically important area for a relatively low cost," he argued."In the UK, we have tremendous expertise in this area. A UK Moon programme would enable us to get a foothold in what could turn out to be an economically important area for a relatively low cost," he argued.
Sir Martin's thinks the programme should be funded by industry and government. Sir Martin's thinks such a programme should be funded by industry and government.
His ideas will be made public on Wednesday. At the moment, they are with the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council. The next stage will be to get approval and financial support by the business and research communities; and, crucially, to get a government go-ahead. He says that with sufficient support, a British conceived probe could be at the Moon by the decade's end.
But Sir Martin believes that with enough support, he will be able to get a British probe to the Moon by the decade's end.