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Nato summit: Nato must face up to China's rise, alliance chief says Nato summit: Nato must face up to China's rise, alliance chief says
(about 2 hours later)
Nato Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said the military alliance didn't want a Cold War with ChinaNato Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said the military alliance didn't want a Cold War with China
The head of Nato has urged members to respond to China's rise at a summit designed to shore up US support for the Western alliance.The head of Nato has urged members to respond to China's rise at a summit designed to shore up US support for the Western alliance.
The summit is expected to issue a statement describing China's behaviour as a "systemic challenge" after the meeting in Belgium. The summit in Brussels issued a statement describing China's behaviour as a "systemic challenge".
Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said the meeting was a "pivotal moment" for the alliance. They also agreed to keep Kabul airport running as the US and its allies withdraw troops from Afghanistan.
Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said the summit was a "pivotal moment" for the alliance.
It is US President Joe Biden's first Nato meeting since taking office.It is US President Joe Biden's first Nato meeting since taking office.
Nato is a powerful political and military alliance between 30 European and North American countries. It was established after World War Two in response to the threat of communist expansion.Nato is a powerful political and military alliance between 30 European and North American countries. It was established after World War Two in response to the threat of communist expansion.
Biden says America is back at the tableBiden says America is back at the table
Nato: US and Europe are safer standing togetherNato: US and Europe are safer standing together
US imposes sanctions on Turkey over Russia weaponsUS imposes sanctions on Turkey over Russia weapons
In recent years, the alliance came under strain as leaders debated its purpose and funding.In recent years, the alliance came under strain as leaders debated its purpose and funding.
Tensions grew during the presidency of Donald Trump, who complained about his country's financial contributions to the alliance and questioned the US commitment to defend European partners.Tensions grew during the presidency of Donald Trump, who complained about his country's financial contributions to the alliance and questioned the US commitment to defend European partners.
President Joe Biden (R) spoke to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan at the summitPresident Joe Biden (R) spoke to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan at the summit
In contrast, his successor Mr Biden has sought to reassert American backing for the 72-year-old alliance.In contrast, his successor Mr Biden has sought to reassert American backing for the 72-year-old alliance.
"I want to make it clear: Nato is critically important for US interests," Mr Biden said as he arrived at the summit on Monday."I want to make it clear: Nato is critically important for US interests," Mr Biden said as he arrived at the summit on Monday.
His country, he said, had a "sacred obligation" to observe Article 5 of Nato's founding treaty, which commits members to defend each other from attack.His country, he said, had a "sacred obligation" to observe Article 5 of Nato's founding treaty, which commits members to defend each other from attack.
Why is Nato focusing on China?Why is Nato focusing on China?
According to a draft of the summit's communiqué (concluding statement) seen by news agencies, China's "stated ambitions and assertive behaviour present systemic challenges to the rules-based international order and to areas relevant to Alliance security". According to the summit's communiqué (concluding statement), China's "stated ambitions and assertive behaviour present systemic challenges to the rules-based international order and to areas relevant to Alliance security".
A Chinese submarine on parade (file image)A Chinese submarine on parade (file image)
The draft document says China is rapidly expanding its nuclear arsenal, is "opaque" in the modernisation of its military and is co-operating militarily with Russia. The document says China is rapidly expanding its nuclear arsenal, is "opaque" in the modernisation of its military and is co-operating militarily with Russia.
"We remain concerned with China's frequent lack of transparency and use of disinformation," it adds."We remain concerned with China's frequent lack of transparency and use of disinformation," it adds.
President Biden's national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, said the Nato talks would focus on collective security, including standing up to China and its rapid military rise.
"We're not entering a new Cold War and China is not our adversary, not our enemy," Mr Stoltenberg told reporters at Nato headquarters ahead of the summit."We're not entering a new Cold War and China is not our adversary, not our enemy," Mr Stoltenberg told reporters at Nato headquarters ahead of the summit.
"But we need to address together, as the alliance, the challenges that the rise of China poses to our security.""But we need to address together, as the alliance, the challenges that the rise of China poses to our security."
China is one of the world's leading military and economic powers, whose ruling Communist Party has a tight grip on politics, daily life and much of society.China is one of the world's leading military and economic powers, whose ruling Communist Party has a tight grip on politics, daily life and much of society.
Nato has become increasingly concerned about the growing military capabilities of China, which it sees as a threat to the security and democratic values of its members.Nato has become increasingly concerned about the growing military capabilities of China, which it sees as a threat to the security and democratic values of its members.
In recent years, the alliance has also grown wary of China's activities in Africa, where it has set up army bases.In recent years, the alliance has also grown wary of China's activities in Africa, where it has set up army bases.
Climate change, cyber-security, Russia, and the withdrawal of Nato forces from Afghanistan - the alliance's longest overseas deployment - were also on the agenda for the summit.
What is Nato?What is Nato?
The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, known as Nato, is the world's most powerful regional defence allianceThe North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, known as Nato, is the world's most powerful regional defence alliance
It was set up in 1949, after World War Two, to counter the threat of communist expansionIt was set up in 1949, after World War Two, to counter the threat of communist expansion
It was founded on the principle of collective defence between alliesIt was founded on the principle of collective defence between allies
It originally had 12 members, but now has 30It originally had 12 members, but now has 30
Read more about NatoRead more about Nato
Nato explained in 80 secondsNato explained in 80 seconds
On Monday, Mr Stoltenberg said China was "coming closer" to Nato in terms of its economic, military and technological capabilities.On Monday, Mr Stoltenberg said China was "coming closer" to Nato in terms of its economic, military and technological capabilities.
That assessment was echoed by UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who said there is a need to manage the challenges posed by China.That assessment was echoed by UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who said there is a need to manage the challenges posed by China.
"When it comes to China, I don't think anybody around the table wants to descend into a new Cold War with China," Mr Johnson said on arrival at the Nato summit."When it comes to China, I don't think anybody around the table wants to descend into a new Cold War with China," Mr Johnson said on arrival at the Nato summit.
UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson arriving at the summitUK Prime Minister Boris Johnson arriving at the summit
Nato's tough message on China followed criticism of the country by the G7, a group of major economies that met for a summit in England last week.Nato's tough message on China followed criticism of the country by the G7, a group of major economies that met for a summit in England last week.
In a communiqué G7 leaders criticised China for alleged human rights abuses and demanded a transparent investigation of the origins of Covid-19 in the country.In a communiqué G7 leaders criticised China for alleged human rights abuses and demanded a transparent investigation of the origins of Covid-19 in the country.
In response, China accused the G7 of "lies, rumours and baseless accusations" in a statement through its embassy in the UK.In response, China accused the G7 of "lies, rumours and baseless accusations" in a statement through its embassy in the UK.
What was agreed about Afghanistan?
America and its Nato allies have been withdrawing troops from Afghanistan since President Biden announced in April that all US forces would leave the country by 11 September.
They have been deployed there for nearly 20 years, initially in response to the 9/11 attacks on America.
20 years in Afghanistan: Was it worth it?
Since the announcement there has been a surge in violence across the country which the government, the US and Nato blame on the Taliban, a hardline Islamist movement.
In the communiqué, Nato says it will provide "transitional funding to ensure continued functioning of Hamid Karzai International Airport", "recognising its importance to an enduring diplomatic and international presence, as well as to Afghanistan's connectivity with the world".
Alliance member Turkey has offered to guard and operate the airport after other troops leave.
The alliance also promises to continue to provide training and financial support for Afghanistan's security forces.
Climate change, cyber-security and Russia were also on the agenda for the Brussels summit.