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| Poland remembers World War start | Poland remembers World War start |
| (40 minutes later) | |
| A day of commemorations is taking place in Poland to mark the 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II. | A day of commemorations is taking place in Poland to mark the 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II. |
| Leaders from 20 countries laid candles during a ceremony near Gdansk, on Westerplatte peninsula. | |
| A dawn ceremony there had marked the time when a German battleship fired the first shots on a Polish fort in 1939. | A dawn ceremony there had marked the time when a German battleship fired the first shots on a Polish fort in 1939. |
| President Lech Kaczynski added to a row with Russia over responsibility for the war, saying his country had received a "stab in the back". | President Lech Kaczynski added to a row with Russia over responsibility for the war, saying his country had received a "stab in the back". |
| During the ceremony with world leaders, he again criticised the non-aggression pact between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in the early years of the conflict, saying it was about dividing Europe. | |
| ANALYSIS Jonny Dymond BBC News, Gdansk There was, of course, talk of heroism in the speeches of the Mayor of Gdansk, President Lech Kaczynski and Prime Minister Donald Tusk. | ANALYSIS Jonny Dymond BBC News, Gdansk There was, of course, talk of heroism in the speeches of the Mayor of Gdansk, President Lech Kaczynski and Prime Minister Donald Tusk. |
| But for Poland, perhaps more than any other nation on earth, World War II was nothing but a catastrophe. | But for Poland, perhaps more than any other nation on earth, World War II was nothing but a catastrophe. |
| By the war's end, 5m-6m Poles had been killed - a greater proportion of its population than any other country. Poland remembers its catastrophe | By the war's end, 5m-6m Poles had been killed - a greater proportion of its population than any other country. Poland remembers its catastrophe |
| He also recalled the Katyn massacre in which 20,000 Polish officers were killed by Soviet forces, saying it was an act of chauvinism and in revenge for Polish independence. | |
| Earlier, in a news conference with his Polish counterpart, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin acknowledged there were "problems" in the two countries' history which needed to be analysed. | |
| Mr Putin's later address at Gdansk is the most keenly anticipated in Poland. | |
| According to the historian Professor Pawel Machcewicz, the Poles are expecting some sort of gesture from Mr Putin. | |
| Relations between Poland and Russia are currently thorny, partly because of differing historical interpretations of events at the start of the war. | Relations between Poland and Russia are currently thorny, partly because of differing historical interpretations of events at the start of the war. |
| Mr Putin added that the pair should "rise above the problems of the past... and solve the problems of the future". | Mr Putin added that the pair should "rise above the problems of the past... and solve the problems of the future". |
| He went on to talk about trade and energy co-operation between the two. | He went on to talk about trade and energy co-operation between the two. |
| The day began with Mr Kaczynski and his prime minister Donald Tusk joining war veterans beside a monument to the heroes of Westerplatte at 0445 (0245 GMT). | |
| The ceremony marked the exact time on 1 September 1939 when the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein opened fire at point-blank range on the fort. | The ceremony marked the exact time on 1 September 1939 when the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein opened fire at point-blank range on the fort. |
| At the same time, the German Wehrmacht invaded Poland from east, west and south. The attacks triggered Britain and France's declaration of war against Germany two days later. | At the same time, the German Wehrmacht invaded Poland from east, west and south. The attacks triggered Britain and France's declaration of war against Germany two days later. |
| Not forgotten | |
| Poles, though, have long seen the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty, signed a week before war started, as the starting gun for the German invasion, says the BBC's Jonny Dymond in Gdansk. | Poles, though, have long seen the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty, signed a week before war started, as the starting gun for the German invasion, says the BBC's Jonny Dymond in Gdansk. |
| Putin strikes conciliatory note with Poland | Putin strikes conciliatory note with Poland |
| Just two weeks later, in mid-September 1939, the Soviet armies occupied eastern Poland. | Just two weeks later, in mid-September 1939, the Soviet armies occupied eastern Poland. |
| Speaking at the dawn ceremony, Mr Kaczynski said: "On 17 September... Poland received a stab in the back... This blow came from Bolshevik Russia." | |
| He added: "Glory to the heroes of Westerplatte, glory to all of the soldiers who fought in World War II against German Nazism, and against Bolshevik totalitarianism." | He added: "Glory to the heroes of Westerplatte, glory to all of the soldiers who fought in World War II against German Nazism, and against Bolshevik totalitarianism." |
| In his address, Mr Tusk said the lessons of history should not be forgotten. | In his address, Mr Tusk said the lessons of history should not be forgotten. |
| "We remember because we know well that he who forgets, or he who falsifies history, and has power or will assume power will bring unhappiness again like 70 years ago," he said. | "We remember because we know well that he who forgets, or he who falsifies history, and has power or will assume power will bring unhappiness again like 70 years ago," he said. |
| Invasion | |
| At the time of the attack by the Schleswig-Holstein - which was moored in the Polish harbour on a friendship visit - Gdansk was known as the free city of Danzig. | At the time of the attack by the Schleswig-Holstein - which was moored in the Polish harbour on a friendship visit - Gdansk was known as the free city of Danzig. |
| The 182 Polish troops defending the Polish fort were expected to resist for about 12 hours. Despite coming under fire from the air, sea and land, they held out against a force of more than 3,000 Germans for seven days. | The 182 Polish troops defending the Polish fort were expected to resist for about 12 hours. Despite coming under fire from the air, sea and land, they held out against a force of more than 3,000 Germans for seven days. |
| According to a survey published on Monday, Westerplatte is the most important symbol of Polish resistance in the whole of the war. | According to a survey published on Monday, Westerplatte is the most important symbol of Polish resistance in the whole of the war. |
| Two weeks after the German invasion, the Red Army invaded and annexed eastern Poland under terms agreed in the secret protocol of a Nazi-Soviet pact. | Two weeks after the German invasion, the Red Army invaded and annexed eastern Poland under terms agreed in the secret protocol of a Nazi-Soviet pact. |
| Watching the start of World War II Pact that set the scene for war UK service to mark evacuations | |
| In early 1940, the Soviet secret services murdered more than 20,000 Polish officers in the forests around Katyn. For 50 years Moscow blamed the Nazis and only admitted responsibility for the crime in 1990. | In early 1940, the Soviet secret services murdered more than 20,000 Polish officers in the forests around Katyn. For 50 years Moscow blamed the Nazis and only admitted responsibility for the crime in 1990. |
| Russian courts have ruled that Katyn cannot be considered a war crime and Moscow is still refusing to declassify documents about the massacre. | Russian courts have ruled that Katyn cannot be considered a war crime and Moscow is still refusing to declassify documents about the massacre. |
| The temperature was raised further this week with accusations broadcast on Russian state TV which implied the USSR was justified in its invasion of Poland because Warsaw had been conspiring with Hitler against Moscow. | The temperature was raised further this week with accusations broadcast on Russian state TV which implied the USSR was justified in its invasion of Poland because Warsaw had been conspiring with Hitler against Moscow. |
| Are you marking the anniversary of World War II? Are you in Russia or Poland? You can send us your thoughts and experiences using the form below: | Are you marking the anniversary of World War II? Are you in Russia or Poland? You can send us your thoughts and experiences using the form below: |
| A selection of your comments may be published, displaying your name and location unless you state otherwise in the box below. | A selection of your comments may be published, displaying your name and location unless you state otherwise in the box below. |
| The BBC may edit your comments and not all emails will be published. Your comments may be published on any BBC media worldwide. Terms & Conditions | The BBC may edit your comments and not all emails will be published. Your comments may be published on any BBC media worldwide. Terms & Conditions |