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How Well Does Masking Work? And Other Pandemic Questions We Need to Answer. How Well Does Masking Work? And Other Pandemic Questions We Need to Answer.
(about 3 hours later)
When the coronavirus took off in 2020, the unknowns were immense, as was the urgency. It was clear that the virus was novel, that it was spreading widely and that it was killing many of the people it infected. And there was no vaccine or proven drug treatment. This was the context in which states first mandated masks, issued stay-at-home orders and closed schools, among other measures — an emergency.When the coronavirus took off in 2020, the unknowns were immense, as was the urgency. It was clear that the virus was novel, that it was spreading widely and that it was killing many of the people it infected. And there was no vaccine or proven drug treatment. This was the context in which states first mandated masks, issued stay-at-home orders and closed schools, among other measures — an emergency.
But now we should have more data from this pandemic to guide our decisions. We don’t send rockets into space without collecting data to monitor their progress and detect if they are veering off course. And yet we witnessed more than one million Covid-19 deaths in the United States without a clear plan to assess whether we were doing all we could to prevent more.But now we should have more data from this pandemic to guide our decisions. We don’t send rockets into space without collecting data to monitor their progress and detect if they are veering off course. And yet we witnessed more than one million Covid-19 deaths in the United States without a clear plan to assess whether we were doing all we could to prevent more.
We should be systematically studying pandemic mitigation efforts in order to ‌learn which interventions are effective and how best to employ them. ‌Just as important: We should ‌‌do so with the understanding that the absence of evidence of effectiveness is not the same as having evidence of ineffectiveness.We should be systematically studying pandemic mitigation efforts in order to ‌learn which interventions are effective and how best to employ them. ‌Just as important: We should ‌‌do so with the understanding that the absence of evidence of effectiveness is not the same as having evidence of ineffectiveness.
Questions about masking‌‌, for example, were recently revived by a Cochrane ‌study reporting that masking (with surgical ones or respirators like N95) makes “little or no difference” in reducing infection at the population level, such as among health care workers or in communities. ‌Some mask opponents‌‌ claim this validates their assertions that masks don’t work. ‌‌Some mask supporters‌ are raising questions about the study’s authors and attempting to discredit their conclusions. Which side is right? ‌Questions about masking‌‌, for example, were recently revived by a Cochrane ‌study reporting that masking (with surgical ones or respirators like N95) makes “little or no difference” in reducing infection at the population level, such as among health care workers or in communities. ‌Some mask opponents‌‌ claim this validates their assertions that masks don’t work. ‌‌Some mask supporters‌ are raising questions about the study’s authors and attempting to discredit their conclusions. Which side is right? ‌
‌As with most things about th‌e Covid pandemic, the answer is most likely somewhere in between. ‌
There is good evidence that masks can protect ‌‌people who use them correctly and consistently. Laboratory studies clearly show that wearing a mask properly, when in the presence of the virus, will reduce ‌a person’s exposure to ‌‌it. Other studies show that higher-quality masks, such as N95 respirators, are better able to keep the virus out than less well-fitting surgical masks or cloth masks.
The confusion occurs when we shift from‌ showing that masks work in a laboratory or for individual people to finding evidence that masking works at the population level‌ and what interventions work to encourage it. At the population level, compliance and mask quality may vary, making it ‌difficult to find evidence to review on the effectiveness of masking in reducing the number of respiratory infections. ‌‌The Cochrane review tried to ‌‌untangle the evidence in one analysis. ‌And according to that limited evidence, masking at the population level did not have a clear impact on reducing infections.