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Rainbow Corner, the Beaver Club and wartime London Rainbow Corner, the Beaver Club and wartime London
(about 2 months later)
Home Secretary Herbert Morrison announced to the House of Commons that dancing should be encouraged to maintain moraleHome Secretary Herbert Morrison announced to the House of Commons that dancing should be encouraged to maintain morale
Famously overpaid, oversexed and over here - American GIs in World War Two would obviously be in need of somewhere to spend their money, expend their libido and experience some home comforts when they were stationed in the UK.Famously overpaid, oversexed and over here - American GIs in World War Two would obviously be in need of somewhere to spend their money, expend their libido and experience some home comforts when they were stationed in the UK.
Many on leave would naturally make their way to London - so, in a busy city with which they were unfamiliar, where would they go for succour?Many on leave would naturally make their way to London - so, in a busy city with which they were unfamiliar, where would they go for succour?
The answer, for many, was Rainbow Corner.The answer, for many, was Rainbow Corner.
Set up by the American Red Cross, it was a club just off Piccadilly Circus and between 11 November 1942 and 9 January 1946, it was open 24 hours a day, every day.Set up by the American Red Cross, it was a club just off Piccadilly Circus and between 11 November 1942 and 9 January 1946, it was open 24 hours a day, every day.
Less than half a mile away, Canadian troops had a similar home from home at the Beaver Club.Less than half a mile away, Canadian troops had a similar home from home at the Beaver Club.
American soldiers take pot shots at a caricature of Adolf Hitler at the Rainbow Club amusement arcadeAmerican soldiers take pot shots at a caricature of Adolf Hitler at the Rainbow Club amusement arcade
Packets of cigarettes were awarded as prizes for the top pinball wizardsPackets of cigarettes were awarded as prizes for the top pinball wizards
At the opening, the people running Rainbow Corner made a performance of "losing" the key for the front door, symbolising that nobody would be kept out.At the opening, the people running Rainbow Corner made a performance of "losing" the key for the front door, symbolising that nobody would be kept out.
But although a locked door wasn't an issue, the London weather provided its own obstacles.But although a locked door wasn't an issue, the London weather provided its own obstacles.
Heavy, dense fog made visibility so poor, 10 American soldiers had to be fished out of the murk by Red Cross staff, and guided to their new recreational club.Heavy, dense fog made visibility so poor, 10 American soldiers had to be fished out of the murk by Red Cross staff, and guided to their new recreational club.
Soldiers were provided with coffee but apparently no spoons to stir itSoldiers were provided with coffee but apparently no spoons to stir it
On the corner of Shaftesbury Avenue and Denman Street, the five-storey building had been converted over three months into a place for GIs to relax and recuperate.On the corner of Shaftesbury Avenue and Denman Street, the five-storey building had been converted over three months into a place for GIs to relax and recuperate.
There were pinball machines, an amusement arcade, pool tables, and a jukebox playing music from home.There were pinball machines, an amusement arcade, pool tables, and a jukebox playing music from home.
The snack bar in the basement, Dunker's Den, sold doughnuts, coffee and Coca-Cola.The snack bar in the basement, Dunker's Den, sold doughnuts, coffee and Coca-Cola.
Tours were arranged, theatre tickets provided, and dance nights put on - with volunteers brought in to partner the servicemen.Tours were arranged, theatre tickets provided, and dance nights put on - with volunteers brought in to partner the servicemen.
One hostess remembered she embraced the luxuries so unfamiliar to Britons wearied by rationing and war.One hostess remembered she embraced the luxuries so unfamiliar to Britons wearied by rationing and war.
"We would go to the soda fountain to have a coke. Sometimes I helped there, and was always amazed to see the syrup which came in barrels become a glass of coke, with ice, which we were not accustomed to."We would go to the soda fountain to have a coke. Sometimes I helped there, and was always amazed to see the syrup which came in barrels become a glass of coke, with ice, which we were not accustomed to.
"It was a very welcome relief after all the dancing we did.""It was a very welcome relief after all the dancing we did."
An English volunteer waitress admires a serviceman's bright ideaAn English volunteer waitress admires a serviceman's bright idea
The Beaver Club had a library stocking Canadian newspapers, so personnel could catch up with old newsThe Beaver Club had a library stocking Canadian newspapers, so personnel could catch up with old news
Canadian troops had a similar facility. Theirs was called the Beaver Club and was in Spring Gardens on Trafalgar Square.Canadian troops had a similar facility. Theirs was called the Beaver Club and was in Spring Gardens on Trafalgar Square.
The approach at the Beaver Club was perhaps more focused on home comforts rather than fun.The approach at the Beaver Club was perhaps more focused on home comforts rather than fun.
A system of chaperoning was worked out by a group of Canadian women who happened to live in London.A system of chaperoning was worked out by a group of Canadian women who happened to live in London.
The ladies assembled a panel of English girls from which partners were selected for dances, theatre parties and sightseeing tours.The ladies assembled a panel of English girls from which partners were selected for dances, theatre parties and sightseeing tours.
There were about 500 women who volunteered such services as mending the soldiers' socks, sewing on buttons and knitting scarves, pullovers "and other comforts".There were about 500 women who volunteered such services as mending the soldiers' socks, sewing on buttons and knitting scarves, pullovers "and other comforts".
The attitude was summed up in some of the promotional literature: "Canadian servicemen are always sure of a warm welcome and a good meal at the Beaver Club.The attitude was summed up in some of the promotional literature: "Canadian servicemen are always sure of a warm welcome and a good meal at the Beaver Club.
"Everything is done to make things as comfortable and homelike as possible for them.""Everything is done to make things as comfortable and homelike as possible for them."
Canadian troops enjoy a spot of hat-waving on the Beaver Club balcony, safe in the knowledge there was a horde of ladies standing by for running repairsCanadian troops enjoy a spot of hat-waving on the Beaver Club balcony, safe in the knowledge there was a horde of ladies standing by for running repairs
"You're meant to throw it, not just stand here and poke it in while laughing""You're meant to throw it, not just stand here and poke it in while laughing"
The Beaver Club included a post office, a library with Canadian newspapers, a barber shop, a games rooms stocked with chess and darts.The Beaver Club included a post office, a library with Canadian newspapers, a barber shop, a games rooms stocked with chess and darts.
There were also dining rooms, where "dishes and drinks" were served and troops were allowed to invite girls to parties.There were also dining rooms, where "dishes and drinks" were served and troops were allowed to invite girls to parties.
There were extraordinary stories at the Beaver Club - a newspaper report in 1942 described "the silver-haired lady behind the snack bar".There were extraordinary stories at the Beaver Club - a newspaper report in 1942 described "the silver-haired lady behind the snack bar".
She was Mrs Charles Banks, the wife of a New Zealand-born Canadian gold miner who was in London as an official representative of Canada's munitions and supply ministry.She was Mrs Charles Banks, the wife of a New Zealand-born Canadian gold miner who was in London as an official representative of Canada's munitions and supply ministry.
Mrs Banks had "been everywhere and accompanied her husband on a worldwide quest for gold".Mrs Banks had "been everywhere and accompanied her husband on a worldwide quest for gold".
It was alleged in the story that Mrs Banks, while travelling through the jungles of New Guinea, "taught cannibals to wait at tables".It was alleged in the story that Mrs Banks, while travelling through the jungles of New Guinea, "taught cannibals to wait at tables".
Frustratingly, there seem to be no further details of this particular feat.Frustratingly, there seem to be no further details of this particular feat.
These are probably not the cannibals Mrs Banks (allegedly) trained to wait tablesThese are probably not the cannibals Mrs Banks (allegedly) trained to wait tables
The darts fans would never know the satisfaction of a strangely laid-out chess gameThe darts fans would never know the satisfaction of a strangely laid-out chess game
Rainbow Corner fully embraced American traditions - holding Halloween and Thanksgiving celebrations, and the BBC would cover what was happening as part of the mutual broadcasting system, so families back in the US could keep updated.Rainbow Corner fully embraced American traditions - holding Halloween and Thanksgiving celebrations, and the BBC would cover what was happening as part of the mutual broadcasting system, so families back in the US could keep updated.
The mutual broadcasting system allowed programmes such as American Eagle In Britain to be relayed to the US as a special facility during the war.The mutual broadcasting system allowed programmes such as American Eagle In Britain to be relayed to the US as a special facility during the war.
A "dunking doughnuts" competition was covered one year, with full-on sports-style commentary from Capt Ken Treadwell from the US Air Force Special Services Division.A "dunking doughnuts" competition was covered one year, with full-on sports-style commentary from Capt Ken Treadwell from the US Air Force Special Services Division.
"This is a significant moment in Rainbow Corner history."This is a significant moment in Rainbow Corner history.
"Six members on the stage - competitors will start at whistle signal; first to push doughnuts down and whistle will be champion."Six members on the stage - competitors will start at whistle signal; first to push doughnuts down and whistle will be champion.
"Number Four already had two doughnuts... but his wristwatch is getting in his way. Number Three getting ready to whistle...Cpl Charles Lytnan of Milwaukee, Wisconsin has won, with Pte Dwight King a close runner-up.""Number Four already had two doughnuts... but his wristwatch is getting in his way. Number Three getting ready to whistle...Cpl Charles Lytnan of Milwaukee, Wisconsin has won, with Pte Dwight King a close runner-up."
Wartime romances formed between American soldiers and British women at London's Rainbow Corner in January 1944Wartime romances formed between American soldiers and British women at London's Rainbow Corner in January 1944
"Over at the Beaver Club, ladies darn their socks..." "More fool them, let's jitterbug""Over at the Beaver Club, ladies darn their socks..." "More fool them, let's jitterbug"
Gwendoline Hollingshead was one of the hostesses, recruited by a girl she met on the Tube.Gwendoline Hollingshead was one of the hostesses, recruited by a girl she met on the Tube.
"She asked me if I could dance. I told her I had taken ballroom dancing classes. She asked me if I would be interested in being a hostess at Rainbow Corner."She asked me if I could dance. I told her I had taken ballroom dancing classes. She asked me if I would be interested in being a hostess at Rainbow Corner.
"I went for an interview and was accepted - everyone was carefully vetted. My time would be after I had finished work, in the evenings. They gave me an identity card which showed I was a valid member."I went for an interview and was accepted - everyone was carefully vetted. My time would be after I had finished work, in the evenings. They gave me an identity card which showed I was a valid member.
"On my first evening on the dance floor, a GI asked me to dance and started jitterbugging, which I couldn't do. Fortunately, I could follow his instructions and picked it up very quickly."On my first evening on the dance floor, a GI asked me to dance and started jitterbugging, which I couldn't do. Fortunately, I could follow his instructions and picked it up very quickly.
"I had a good time dancing and talking with all servicemen - Air Corps, Infantry and Navy.""I had a good time dancing and talking with all servicemen - Air Corps, Infantry and Navy."
All that dancing and doughnut dunking was exhaustingAll that dancing and doughnut dunking was exhausting
Ms Hollingshead remembered Fred Astaire's sister Adele (Lady Charles Cavendish) helping out.Ms Hollingshead remembered Fred Astaire's sister Adele (Lady Charles Cavendish) helping out.
"She would write letters to their mothers, wives and sweethearts. She was a girl with a big heart."She would write letters to their mothers, wives and sweethearts. She was a girl with a big heart.
"Another volunteer, 'Ma' Whittaker, had a plane, Lady Irene, named after her."Another volunteer, 'Ma' Whittaker, had a plane, Lady Irene, named after her.
"She sewed on over 10,000 stripes, inserting a lucky farthing coin under the stripes for every boy who flies."She sewed on over 10,000 stripes, inserting a lucky farthing coin under the stripes for every boy who flies.
"I knew so many boys who went on missions and never returned. This left me with such a sad feeling, as in the main they were really happy-go-lucky guys, and always said how many more missions they had to complete before going home.""I knew so many boys who went on missions and never returned. This left me with such a sad feeling, as in the main they were really happy-go-lucky guys, and always said how many more missions they had to complete before going home."
Lady Cavendish, aka American dancer Adele Astaire (sister of Fred), mans the inquiry desk at Rainbow CornerLady Cavendish, aka American dancer Adele Astaire (sister of Fred), mans the inquiry desk at Rainbow Corner
There were visual clues for people unsure of which nation's club they were inThere were visual clues for people unsure of which nation's club they were in
Rainbow Corner closed in January 1946. Tens of thousands of GIs, airmen and sailors on leave had passed through its doors.Rainbow Corner closed in January 1946. Tens of thousands of GIs, airmen and sailors on leave had passed through its doors.
Now the war was over, and those that survived were on their way home - many with a British girl about to become an American bride.Now the war was over, and those that survived were on their way home - many with a British girl about to become an American bride.
President Roosevelt's widow, Eleanor, described Rainbow Corner as "the finest example of international cooperation ever seen".President Roosevelt's widow, Eleanor, described Rainbow Corner as "the finest example of international cooperation ever seen".
Ms Hollingshead recalled: "VE Day was a wonderful day for us all. So many people - there was singing, dancing, we were all kissing each other, joy beyond belief."Ms Hollingshead recalled: "VE Day was a wonderful day for us all. So many people - there was singing, dancing, we were all kissing each other, joy beyond belief."
After six years and a day, the Beaver Club closed too.After six years and a day, the Beaver Club closed too.
They had a reception on 19 February 1946, where they sang Auld Lang Syne, 0 Canada, and God Save the King.They had a reception on 19 February 1946, where they sang Auld Lang Syne, 0 Canada, and God Save the King.
It is not known whether the refreshments were served by reformed cannibals.It is not known whether the refreshments were served by reformed cannibals.
The end of the Rainbow - a closing party attracted the crowds on 9 January 1946, when the door was locked for the first time in more than three yearsThe end of the Rainbow - a closing party attracted the crowds on 9 January 1946, when the door was locked for the first time in more than three years
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