Colombian soldiers deployed to quell deadly rebel violence

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c7vd7njv4zzo

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The ELN rebel group is a deadly and powerful presence in the region

The first group of a planned 5,000 soldiers have arrived in the north-east of Colombia, where at least 80 people have been killed over recent days amid a surge in rebel violence.

A state of emergency has been declared in the Catatumbo region after thousands of residents fled fighting between rebels from the National Liberation Army (ELN) and dissident factions of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Farc).

One official government agency said it had received reports of ELN rebels going house-to-house and killing those suspected of ties with rival groups.

President Gustavo Petro said on Tuesday that the state "had failed" to contain the violence but it would learn from that failure.

Figures from the Ombudsman's office suggest 20,000 people have been forced to flee.

Many have sought refuge in schools and sports stadiums which have been converted into impromptu shelters.

Thousands of people have sought shelter in a sports stadium in the city of Cúcuta

Investigative news programme Noticias Uno, external said it had seen a military intelligence report which suggested that the surge in violence between the two rival groups had been triggered by "the loss of a multi-million-dollar cocaine shipment in November 2024".

According to the report, a member of the Farc dissident group known as Frente 33 came to an agreement with their rivals from the ELN to "not interfere" with each other's cocaine production and shipments.

Both the ELN and the remnants of the Farc rebel group which remained active after the main guerrilla group signed a peace agreement in 2016 are heavily involved in the drugs trade.

The pact between the two groups seems to have broken down over the "lost" cocaine shipment, the intelligence report suggests.

Although it is not clear which "lost" stash the report is referring to, Colombian media have pointed out that in December last year counter-narcotics agents in the Dominican Republic seized 9.5 tonnes of cocaine which they said had originated in Catatumbo.

The mountainous region, on Colombia's north-eastern border with Venezuela, is a hotspot for cocaine production and trafficking.

President Petro, who was a member of a left-wing rebel group in his youth, said this week that "what happened in Catatumbo is yet another example of a shift from insurgent guerrillas to narco-armed organisations".

He also referred to the ELN as a "mafia".

Petro campaigned on a promise to bring "total peace" to Colombia but last week he suspended peace talks with the ELN for a second time in less than a year due to the violence in Catatumbo.

"The ELN has no will for peace," he said at the time.