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American loses UK appeal to become legally non-binary | American loses UK appeal to become legally non-binary |
(about 3 hours later) | |
Ryan Castellucci's legal team say they are considering a further appeal | Ryan Castellucci's legal team say they are considering a further appeal |
An American who wanted to be formally recognised as non-binary in the UK has been told by the Court of Appeal their gender identity does not legally exist in this country. | An American who wanted to be formally recognised as non-binary in the UK has been told by the Court of Appeal their gender identity does not legally exist in this country. |
Ryan Castellucci previously lost a High Court challenge to have their gender recorded as non-binary on a gender recognition certificate - a document which changes someone's legal sex - after moving to the UK in 2019. | Ryan Castellucci previously lost a High Court challenge to have their gender recorded as non-binary on a gender recognition certificate - a document which changes someone's legal sex - after moving to the UK in 2019. |
They had obtained legal recognition as non-binary in California in 2021, and were issued an American passport in 2022 listing their sex as 'X'. | They had obtained legal recognition as non-binary in California in 2021, and were issued an American passport in 2022 listing their sex as 'X'. |
Dismissing the appeal, Lord Justice Singh said the issue was "potentially controversial" and was "better suited to resolution in Parliament than the courts". | Dismissing the appeal, Lord Justice Singh said the issue was "potentially controversial" and was "better suited to resolution in Parliament than the courts". |
At an earlier hearing, the court heard how Castellucci, a cyber security expert who moved to the UK from California, uses the title "Mx" and refers to themselves using they/them pronouns. | |
While they have undergone surgery and hormone treatment, they told the court they continue to use the name Ryan as it is considered unisex in the US. | While they have undergone surgery and hormone treatment, they told the court they continue to use the name Ryan as it is considered unisex in the US. |
Castellucci described the experience of trying to obtain legal documents listing them as non-binary as an "ordeal" and the court heard they worried about possible difficulties related to their gender identity when applying for British citizenship. | Castellucci described the experience of trying to obtain legal documents listing them as non-binary as an "ordeal" and the court heard they worried about possible difficulties related to their gender identity when applying for British citizenship. |
They also raised concerns about how their gender identity would be reflected on their death certificate, when their US documents state they are non-binary. | They also raised concerns about how their gender identity would be reflected on their death certificate, when their US documents state they are non-binary. |
Lord Justice Singh, sitting with Dame Victoria Sharp and Sir Andrew McFarlane, said that only 11 countries worldwide, as well as some US states including California, recognise non-binary gender in law. | Lord Justice Singh, sitting with Dame Victoria Sharp and Sir Andrew McFarlane, said that only 11 countries worldwide, as well as some US states including California, recognise non-binary gender in law. |
Non-binary is an umbrella term for those those who do not identify as exclusively male or female. | Non-binary is an umbrella term for those those who do not identify as exclusively male or female. |
In a judgment published on Tuesday, Lord Justice Singh said: "The concept of 'gender' in the Gender Recognition Act (GRA), when referred to in the context of the domestic law route, is confined to two genders." | In a judgment published on Tuesday, Lord Justice Singh said: "The concept of 'gender' in the Gender Recognition Act (GRA), when referred to in the context of the domestic law route, is confined to two genders." |
He added that, at an earlier appeal in 2023, the government said "no changes were currently needed and more research and consultation would be needed before any changes were contemplated". | He added that, at an earlier appeal in 2023, the government said "no changes were currently needed and more research and consultation would be needed before any changes were contemplated". |
He continued: "There is no general consensus, either in the Council of Europe or more generally around the world, in favour of recognising non-binary status. | He continued: "There is no general consensus, either in the Council of Europe or more generally around the world, in favour of recognising non-binary status. |
"Furthermore, this is an area of social policy which is highly sensitive and potentially controversial, thereby being better suited to resolution in Parliament rather than in the courts. | "Furthermore, this is an area of social policy which is highly sensitive and potentially controversial, thereby being better suited to resolution in Parliament rather than in the courts. |
"This is not only for reasons of democratic legitimacy but also for reasons of institutional competence." | "This is not only for reasons of democratic legitimacy but also for reasons of institutional competence." |
Anna Dews, associate solicitor at Leigh Day, the firm which represented Castellucci, said they were considering appealing the ruling. | Anna Dews, associate solicitor at Leigh Day, the firm which represented Castellucci, said they were considering appealing the ruling. |
She said: "Ryan's only registered gender is non-binary. Despite Parliament legislating for the UK to recognise foreign-acquired genders, the courts have so far ruled that non-binary foreign genders do not count. | She said: "Ryan's only registered gender is non-binary. Despite Parliament legislating for the UK to recognise foreign-acquired genders, the courts have so far ruled that non-binary foreign genders do not count. |
"Ryan considers that there cannot be true gender equality without recognition of the fact that not all genders are binary." | "Ryan considers that there cannot be true gender equality without recognition of the fact that not all genders are binary." |
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