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| Philippine 'emergency' declared | Philippine 'emergency' declared |
| (10 minutes later) | |
| The Philippine government has placed two southern provinces under a state of emergency, after gunmen killed at least 35 people on Monday. | The Philippine government has placed two southern provinces under a state of emergency, after gunmen killed at least 35 people on Monday. |
| President Gloria Arroyo said the new powers would allow police and soldiers to set up checkpoints and conduct random searches to find the gunmen. | President Gloria Arroyo said the new powers would allow police and soldiers to set up checkpoints and conduct random searches to find the gunmen. |
| The victims were killed as they were travelling to file nomination papers for elections next May. | The victims were killed as they were travelling to file nomination papers for elections next May. |
| The attack is one of worst incidents of pre-poll violence in the Philippines. | The attack is one of worst incidents of pre-poll violence in the Philippines. |
| There are conflicting reports about whether anyone survived. | There are conflicting reports about whether anyone survived. |
| More bodies | More bodies |
| On Monday it was announced that 21 bodies had been found. This number has now increased to 35 and the death toll from the incident may rise still further. | On Monday it was announced that 21 bodies had been found. This number has now increased to 35 and the death toll from the incident may rise still further. |
| ANALYSIS Vaudine England, BBC Asia analyst The brutality of the killings in Maguindanao has highlighted the domination of Philippines politics by guns, warlords and lawlessness. | ANALYSIS Vaudine England, BBC Asia analyst The brutality of the killings in Maguindanao has highlighted the domination of Philippines politics by guns, warlords and lawlessness. |
| It has also changed the nature of "rido", the local word for clan wars and vendetta. Rido has long focused on election disputes or land conflicts and has involved killing, but usually of one person at a time and avoiding the killing of women or non-relatives. This incident targeted women and journalists who were not members of either powerful family involved. | It has also changed the nature of "rido", the local word for clan wars and vendetta. Rido has long focused on election disputes or land conflicts and has involved killing, but usually of one person at a time and avoiding the killing of women or non-relatives. This incident targeted women and journalists who were not members of either powerful family involved. |
| Complicating the mix in Mindanao is the ongoing Muslim and communist insurgencies which have long been used by the authorities to justify new sources of funding for local favourites. Clan link to killings | Complicating the mix in Mindanao is the ongoing Muslim and communist insurgencies which have long been used by the authorities to justify new sources of funding for local favourites. Clan link to killings |
| It's a big area where these bodies were found. They are finding a couple of bodies every couple of hours or so," Interior Secretary Ronaldo Puno was quoted as saying by AFP news agency. | It's a big area where these bodies were found. They are finding a couple of bodies every couple of hours or so," Interior Secretary Ronaldo Puno was quoted as saying by AFP news agency. |
| He described a farming area covered in hastily dug graves, several kilometres away from where the killing is thought to have occurred. A bulldozer was parked nearby. | He described a farming area covered in hastily dug graves, several kilometres away from where the killing is thought to have occurred. A bulldozer was parked nearby. |
| All the victims were civilians, including the wife of the vice mayor of Buluan, a town in Maguindanao province, who had intended to file nomination papers for her husband to run for governor in local elections next year. | All the victims were civilians, including the wife of the vice mayor of Buluan, a town in Maguindanao province, who had intended to file nomination papers for her husband to run for governor in local elections next year. |
| An investigator at the scene told reporters all victims had been shot at close range, some in their vehicles and others apparently while fleeing. | An investigator at the scene told reporters all victims had been shot at close range, some in their vehicles and others apparently while fleeing. |
| Warlord culture | Warlord culture |
| "It is an undying fact that Philippines is still ruled by clans and warlords - and these people are monsters created by President Gloria Arroyo and past governments," said Marites Vitug, editor of Newsbreak and author of several books on Mindanao, corruption and politics. | "It is an undying fact that Philippines is still ruled by clans and warlords - and these people are monsters created by President Gloria Arroyo and past governments," said Marites Vitug, editor of Newsbreak and author of several books on Mindanao, corruption and politics. |
| Central government in the Philippines is habitually weak and buys local support by supporting the local patriarchs. | Central government in the Philippines is habitually weak and buys local support by supporting the local patriarchs. |
| Complicating the mix in Mindanao is the ongoing series of Muslim and communist insurgencies which have long been used by the authorities to justify new sources of funding for local favourites. | Complicating the mix in Mindanao is the ongoing series of Muslim and communist insurgencies which have long been used by the authorities to justify new sources of funding for local favourites. |
| In this case some of the suspected killers were "Civilian Volunteers", groups of young men organised to support the local police in "anti-insurgency" work. | In this case some of the suspected killers were "Civilian Volunteers", groups of young men organised to support the local police in "anti-insurgency" work. |
| "The volunteers are supposed to support the police but in the process they are used by warlords. Budgets are limited for the police so it is common knowledge that powerful local families support them financially," said Ms Vitug. | "The volunteers are supposed to support the police but in the process they are used by warlords. Budgets are limited for the police so it is common knowledge that powerful local families support them financially," said Ms Vitug. |
| The dominance of patronage politics in the Philippines, she explained, has allowed political families to thrive. | The dominance of patronage politics in the Philippines, she explained, has allowed political families to thrive. |
| The BBC's Vaudine England says both clans in this case are allied to Mrs Arroyo, limiting analysts' expectations of any effective response from the central government. | The BBC's Vaudine England says both clans in this case are allied to Mrs Arroyo, limiting analysts' expectations of any effective response from the central government. |
| The country is to hold nationwide elections in May 2010. Registration for local and national races began earlier this month. | The country is to hold nationwide elections in May 2010. Registration for local and national races began earlier this month. |
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