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Canada election results: When will we know who won? Carney's Liberals won. What happens next?
(about 3 hours later)
Millions of Canadians headed to the polls on Monday in a snap federal election that has largely focused on how the candidates would respond to US President Donald Trump's threats of tariffs as well as his call to make Canada the 51st state. Millions of Canadians voted on Monday in a snap federal election that has largely focused on how the candidates would respond to US President Donald Trump's threats of tariffs as well as his call to make Canada the 51st state.
Prime Minister Mark Carney, current leader of the Liberal Party, called the election in March shortly after taking over from former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. His main opponent in the race is Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre. Prime Minister Mark Carney, current leader of the Liberal Party, called the vote in March shortly after taking over from former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. His main opponent in the race was Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre.
When the Canada's Parliament was dissolved last month after the election call, the Liberals had 152 seats and the Conservatives had 120. The rest of the seats were held by the Bloc Québécois (33) and the New Democrat Party (24), and the Green Party (2). Carney is now projected to have won a fourth mandate for the party.
More than seven million Canadians had already cast their votes before election day in a record turnout. Polls opened on Monday at 7:00 EDT (12:00 BST). Here is what you need to know. Here's what you need to know.
When do we expect to know who won? Watch: Moment Liberal supporters cheer projected Canadian election win
Most polls have now closed and the counting has begun. Has the winner been declared?
In the first batch of projections, both the Liberals and the Conservatives have increased their vote shares in the Atlantic region.
Shortly after 22:00 EDT (03:00 BST), Canada's public broadcaster CBC News projected that Mark Carney's Liberal Party was on its way to win enough seats in the House of Commons to form a government.Shortly after 22:00 EDT (03:00 BST), Canada's public broadcaster CBC News projected that Mark Carney's Liberal Party was on its way to win enough seats in the House of Commons to form a government.
Usually, if the Conservatives or Liberals win big in the eastern part of the country, the election can be called earlier in the night. It's not yet clear if they have secured a majority and the counting of ballots is ongoing. It's likely we'll know how many seats each party has won in the coming hours.
But more time will be needed to ascertain whether Canadians elect a minority or majority government. Federal election officials are required to count ballots by hand in front of witnesses. Ballots are tallied only after polls close in each location where the votes were cast.
These projections are based on initial results from Elections Canada, which runs the country's federal elections.These projections are based on initial results from Elections Canada, which runs the country's federal elections.
Officials double-check vote totals after the election.Officials double-check vote totals after the election.
Follow the latest Canada election news hereFollow the latest Canada election news here
Watch: The ‘Trump effect’ and other things to watch for as Canada votes Is Carney already the Prime Minister?
How does the vote counting work? Liberal leader Mark Carney does not need to be sworn in again. Instead, he will continue doing his job, as do his Cabinet ministers.
Federal election officials are required to count ballots by hand in front of witnesses. Ballots are counted only after polls close in each location where the votes were cast. Should Carney decide to reshuffle his Cabinet, there will be a ceremony with the governor general, but until then, the ministers stay in their posts.
Votes that were cast early are counted at the local Elections Canada office for each riding. Usually they are counted after polls close on election night but some of them can be counted up to an hour earlier if the volume is high. Carney may indeed choose to shuffle his Cabinet after bringing in a leaner team when he became prime minister last month.
This year voters set a new record for early turnout in Canada with more than seven million ballots cast in advance. When Parliament opens after an election, expect the swearing-in of members and the election of the Speaker.
Mail-in votes and ballots cast in military bases sometimes take longer to tabulate, but officials say they expect most ballots to be counted on election night. What has Carney said he will do as PM?
One of his priorities is to navigate the relationship with US President Donald Trump.
When the pair spoke in late March, Carney and Trump agreed they would begin negotiations about a new economic and security relationship right after the election.
When Parliament returns, it's possible we see the Liberals quickly introduce legislation focused on securing Canada's economy in the face of US tariff headwinds.
That could include a promised tax cut for middle-class Canadians, and moving ahead with a "one project, one review" process to speed up approval for key energy and mining proposals.
The Liberals have said they want to make Canada a "clean and conventional energy" superpower.
They have also committed to putting C$5bn into a trade diversification fund.
Do the Liberals have a majority government?
The Liberals could be the largest party in the House of Commons, but may still fall short of the 172 required for a majority.
The most likely scenario if this happens is that they form a minority government with Carney as prime minister, where they strike deals with the other parties to survive no-confidence votes and pass legislation in Parliament.
The Conservatives are on track to once again form the Official Opposition.
People line up outside a polling station to vote in Canada's federal electionPeople line up outside a polling station to vote in Canada's federal election
What are they key places to watch? What happens next for Conservatives?
Because Ontario and Quebec make up 200 out of 343 seats in Parliament, there might an early election call if there is a sweep. Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre is on track to make significant inroads with the party's vote share, securing roughly 41% of the vote with just over half of polls reporting, according to Election Canada.
Some parts of the country are worth watching to see trends, including the "905", a horseshoe of municipalities around the city of Toronto that make up 31 ridings, or constituencies. That would be the highest the party has in decades.
It's long been a battleground between Liberals and Conservatives. They are currently projected to have won 148 seats - that's up from 120 at dissolution, when the election was called.
Many eyes will also be focused on two ridings in the Ottawa area. But with the progressive vote coalescing around the Liberals, those numbers weren't enough to win.
Carney, who has never been elected to Parliament, is running in Nepean - near Ottawa. This will be a bitter loss for the Conservatives, who only months ago had a clear path to victory and will now need to figure out a way forward after a series of electoral defeats.
Meanwhile, Poilievre is seeking to hold his seat in Carleton, a riding also outside Ottawa. It will now be up to the party to decide if they want to keep Pierre Poilievre on as leader, the third leader they've had since the Liberals swept the 2015 election.
What happens if no party wins a majority? LIVE: Follow BBC's coverage of the election
The leader of the party with the largest number of seats or elected members of Parliament normally forms government. RESULTS: How Canada voted - in charts
If no party ends up with an overall majority, a minority government is formed. The party with the most seats then has to pass legislation by working with other parties. ANALYSIS: Why Carney's Liberals won - and the Conservatives lost
When will the winner become prime minister?
If the Liberals win, their leader Mark Carney would not need to be sworn in again. Instead, he would continue doing his job, as do his Cabinet ministers.
Should Carney decide to reshuffle his Cabinet, there will be a ceremony with the Governor General, but until then, the ministers stay in their posts.
If the Conservatives win, their leader Pierre Poilievre is likely to take about two weeks to become prime minister.
For example, when Trudeau beat Stephen Harper in 2015, it took 15 days for him to be sworn in.
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