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North Korea currency change sparks panic | North Korea currency change sparks panic |
(2 days later) | |
By Michael Bristow BBC News, Seoul Reports said North Koreans rushed to convert their currency | By Michael Bristow BBC News, Seoul Reports said North Koreans rushed to convert their currency |
North Koreans are "devastated" following currency reforms that could wipe out their savings, reports say. | North Koreans are "devastated" following currency reforms that could wipe out their savings, reports say. |
Ordinary people are reported to be desperately trying to buy as many goods as they can with the old currency while it is still valid. | Ordinary people are reported to be desperately trying to buy as many goods as they can with the old currency while it is still valid. |
The government told its people on Monday that it was knocking two noughts off the nominal value of banknotes. | The government told its people on Monday that it was knocking two noughts off the nominal value of banknotes. |
Experts say this will help tackle inflation and increase officials' control over an already impoverished population. | Experts say this will help tackle inflation and increase officials' control over an already impoverished population. |
They say the Pyongyang government particularly wants to rein in the activities of free markets that have sprung up across North Korea. | |
Economic hardship | Economic hardship |
The North Korean government was initially quiet about the reform - telling its own people, but not the rest of the world. | The North Korean government was initially quiet about the reform - telling its own people, but not the rest of the world. |
But on Friday South Korea's Yonhap news agency said a Japan-based newspaper with links to the North had confirmed the news. | But on Friday South Korea's Yonhap news agency said a Japan-based newspaper with links to the North had confirmed the news. |
Yonhap quoted an interview the newspaper had conducted with a North Korean central bank official. | Yonhap quoted an interview the newspaper had conducted with a North Korean central bank official. |
The North Korean banker said international sanctions, natural disasters and the fall of the communist bloc had created economic hardship. | The North Korean banker said international sanctions, natural disasters and the fall of the communist bloc had created economic hardship. |
This has forced the North to adjust its currency, Yonhap quoted the official as saying. | This has forced the North to adjust its currency, Yonhap quoted the official as saying. |
Under the new system, an old 1,000 North Korean won note will now be worth just 10 won. | Under the new system, an old 1,000 North Korean won note will now be worth just 10 won. |
Savings wiped out | Savings wiped out |
North Koreans are thought to have until Sunday to change their old notes into the new currency. | North Koreans are thought to have until Sunday to change their old notes into the new currency. |
But there appears to be a limit on how much can be exchanged - one report says each adult can cash in only 100,000 won. | But there appears to be a limit on how much can be exchanged - one report says each adult can cash in only 100,000 won. |
The currency reforms are part of [a] campaign to return to the North Korean version of orthodox socialism Rudiger FrankNorth Korea analyst Glimpse inside secretive state | The currency reforms are part of [a] campaign to return to the North Korean version of orthodox socialism Rudiger FrankNorth Korea analyst Glimpse inside secretive state |
At the time of the announcement one US dollar was worth 135 North Korea won at official exchange rates. | At the time of the announcement one US dollar was worth 135 North Korea won at official exchange rates. |
That means each adult can exchange about US$740-worth (£445) of won. | That means each adult can exchange about US$740-worth (£445) of won. |
Many residents are reported to have reacted with anger and panic because any cash held above that figure will be worthless - effectively wiping out people's savings. | Many residents are reported to have reacted with anger and panic because any cash held above that figure will be worthless - effectively wiping out people's savings. |
Park Sang-hak, a North Korean defector now living in the South, said: "My contacts [in North Korea] called me to say North Korean people are in despair, crying and shouting - just like a war." | Park Sang-hak, a North Korean defector now living in the South, said: "My contacts [in North Korea] called me to say North Korean people are in despair, crying and shouting - just like a war." |
Some reports say the North Korean authorities raised the amount of money that can be exchanged following the complaints. | Some reports say the North Korean authorities raised the amount of money that can be exchanged following the complaints. |
Fighting inflation | Fighting inflation |
Another defector, Kim Woon-ho, said people were "devastated" when they heard the news, which apparently came as a surprise. | Another defector, Kim Woon-ho, said people were "devastated" when they heard the news, which apparently came as a surprise. |
"Complaints are mounting because the North Korean government is taking money away from its people," said Mr Kim, who only left the North for the South this year. | "Complaints are mounting because the North Korean government is taking money away from its people," said Mr Kim, who only left the North for the South this year. |
Are North Korea's leaders trying to destroy an emerging middle class? | Are North Korea's leaders trying to destroy an emerging middle class? |
He said ordinary people were trying to buy as many things as possible with the old money before it becomes worthless - leading to massive price rises. | He said ordinary people were trying to buy as many things as possible with the old money before it becomes worthless - leading to massive price rises. |
But the picture emerging from the secretive communist state remains unclear. | But the picture emerging from the secretive communist state remains unclear. |
Another North Korean now living in the South said the new won notes were already being used because few people will accept the old ones. | Another North Korean now living in the South said the new won notes were already being used because few people will accept the old ones. |
Many experts believe the reform is intended to curb rising inflation in North Korea. | Many experts believe the reform is intended to curb rising inflation in North Korea. |
By limiting the amount of money ordinary people can exchange, the government is in effect cutting the number of banknotes in circulation. | By limiting the amount of money ordinary people can exchange, the government is in effect cutting the number of banknotes in circulation. |
But some experts say the move is also about the government strengthening its control over its citizens. | But some experts say the move is also about the government strengthening its control over its citizens. |
Return to orthodoxy? | Return to orthodoxy? |
North Korea introduced limited market reforms in 2002 that allowed people to buy and sell goods at free markets. | North Korea introduced limited market reforms in 2002 that allowed people to buy and sell goods at free markets. |
These markets have become increasingly important to ordinary North Koreans, with a wide range of goods on offer. | These markets have become increasingly important to ordinary North Koreans, with a wide range of goods on offer. |
State-run shops sell fewer and fewer items, but at free markets North Koreans can buy imported fruit, clothes and electronics, according to someone who recently visited a major market in Pyongyang. | State-run shops sell fewer and fewer items, but at free markets North Koreans can buy imported fruit, clothes and electronics, according to someone who recently visited a major market in Pyongyang. |
The authorities have recently tried to restrict what goes on at these markets. | The authorities have recently tried to restrict what goes on at these markets. |
Aid workers fear North Korea is facing serious food shortages this winter | Aid workers fear North Korea is facing serious food shortages this winter |
Writing in the Korean Herald, based in the South, North Korean expert Rudiger Frank said the currency reform was a political move as much as an economic one. | Writing in the Korean Herald, based in the South, North Korean expert Rudiger Frank said the currency reform was a political move as much as an economic one. |
He said officials want to destroy the newly-emerging middle class, many of whom have made money trading in the free markets. | He said officials want to destroy the newly-emerging middle class, many of whom have made money trading in the free markets. |
"The currency reforms are part of [a] campaign to return to the North Korean version of orthodox socialism," wrote Mr Frank, who is based in Vienna. | "The currency reforms are part of [a] campaign to return to the North Korean version of orthodox socialism," wrote Mr Frank, who is based in Vienna. |
"[The aim is] to eradicate the dangerous effects of the few years of reform." | "[The aim is] to eradicate the dangerous effects of the few years of reform." |
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