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| Herschel captures birth of stars | Herschel captures birth of stars |
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| The European Space Agency (Esa) has released stunning new pictures from the recently launched Herschel telescope. | The European Space Agency (Esa) has released stunning new pictures from the recently launched Herschel telescope. |
| The pictures show star formation, and have been described as among the most important images obtained from space for decades. | The pictures show star formation, and have been described as among the most important images obtained from space for decades. |
| Astronomers hope that, by analysing these images, they will be able to answer questions about how stars and galaxies are made. | Astronomers hope that, by analysing these images, they will be able to answer questions about how stars and galaxies are made. |
| Herschel is the largest astronomical telescope ever to be put into space. | Herschel is the largest astronomical telescope ever to be put into space. |
| It has captured images of previously invisible stardust. This is the stuff that galaxies, stars, planets and all life is made from, and scientists are studying it to follow the life cycle of the cosmos. | It has captured images of previously invisible stardust. This is the stuff that galaxies, stars, planets and all life is made from, and scientists are studying it to follow the life cycle of the cosmos. |
| The vacuum of space is full of wispy clouds of stardust | The vacuum of space is full of wispy clouds of stardust |
| Bruce Swinyard, from the UK's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, is a member of the research team that designed Herschel's Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (Spire), one of the three scientific instruments that is providing the telescope's eyes. | Bruce Swinyard, from the UK's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, is a member of the research team that designed Herschel's Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (Spire), one of the three scientific instruments that is providing the telescope's eyes. |
| These three detectors allow Herschel to see far-infrared and sub-millimetre (radio) wavelengths of light, allowing it to peer through clouds of dust and gas and to see stars as they are born. | These three detectors allow Herschel to see far-infrared and sub-millimetre (radio) wavelengths of light, allowing it to peer through clouds of dust and gas and to see stars as they are born. |
| This infrared capability also enables Herschel to look deep into space, to look at galaxies that thrived when the Universe was roughly a half to a fifth of its present age. This is a period in cosmic history when it is thought star formation was at its most prolific. | This infrared capability also enables Herschel to look deep into space, to look at galaxies that thrived when the Universe was roughly a half to a fifth of its present age. This is a period in cosmic history when it is thought star formation was at its most prolific. |
| Professor Swinyard explained that by looking at "young galaxies", Herschel is able reveal some of the history of star formation. | Professor Swinyard explained that by looking at "young galaxies", Herschel is able reveal some of the history of star formation. |
| He said that the thousands of galaxies the telescope had detected would allow researchers to test models of galaxy formation, and to uncover the chemical processes that make stardust. | He said that the thousands of galaxies the telescope had detected would allow researchers to test models of galaxy formation, and to uncover the chemical processes that make stardust. |
| Herschel sees through the gas released by dying stars to reveal stardust beneath | |
| One of the pictures shows that the vacuum of space is actually full of star dust. | One of the pictures shows that the vacuum of space is actually full of star dust. |
| Another shows the dust forming into clumps along magnetic lines - like pearls on a necklace. Each clump is a very early star - at its embryonic stage. | Another shows the dust forming into clumps along magnetic lines - like pearls on a necklace. Each clump is a very early star - at its embryonic stage. |
| Another picture shows a dying star. For this image Herschel was able to look beneath the clouds of gas that the star hurled out into space and reveal a donut ring of cosmic dust. | Another picture shows a dying star. For this image Herschel was able to look beneath the clouds of gas that the star hurled out into space and reveal a donut ring of cosmic dust. |
| This dust would have been blown outward until, hundreds of millions of years later, the dust clumped together again to form a brand new star. | This dust would have been blown outward until, hundreds of millions of years later, the dust clumped together again to form a brand new star. |
| Astronomers will continue to study the images, which have already shown that the mechanisms of the cosmos may be more diverse and complex than current theory suggests. | Astronomers will continue to study the images, which have already shown that the mechanisms of the cosmos may be more diverse and complex than current theory suggests. |