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| Version 4 | Version 5 |
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| Shares fall on Obama bank plans | Shares fall on Obama bank plans |
| (about 1 hour later) | |
| Stock markets have fallen sharply in response to far-reaching plans by US President Barack Obama to curb the activities of the biggest US banks. | Stock markets have fallen sharply in response to far-reaching plans by US President Barack Obama to curb the activities of the biggest US banks. |
| The Dow Jones closed down 2%, its worst fall since October, while Japan's Nikkei closed at a three-week low. | The Dow Jones closed down 2%, its worst fall since October, while Japan's Nikkei closed at a three-week low. |
| Shares in major US banks Goldman Sachs and Bank of America all fell. | Shares in major US banks Goldman Sachs and Bank of America all fell. |
| Mr Obama - who said he was "ready for a fight" with banks - plans to limit the size of banks and impose restrictions on risky trading. | Mr Obama - who said he was "ready for a fight" with banks - plans to limit the size of banks and impose restrictions on risky trading. |
| "Never again will the American taxpayer be held hostage by banks that are too big to fail," Mr Obama said. | "Never again will the American taxpayer be held hostage by banks that are too big to fail," Mr Obama said. |
| Limiting risk taking | Limiting risk taking |
| "While the financial system is far stronger today than it was one year ago, it is still operating under the exact same rules that led to its near collapse," he said. | "While the financial system is far stronger today than it was one year ago, it is still operating under the exact same rules that led to its near collapse," he said. |
| His proposals may mean that some of the biggest US banks have to be broken up. | His proposals may mean that some of the biggest US banks have to be broken up. |
| FROM THE TODAY PROGRAMME More from Today programme Peston: Obama to break up banks Q&A: How will the changes work? Tories back US bank limit plans Send us your comments | |
| They also include a ban on retail banks using their own money in investments - known as proprietary trading. Instead, banks would be limited to investing their customers' funds. | They also include a ban on retail banks using their own money in investments - known as proprietary trading. Instead, banks would be limited to investing their customers' funds. |
| That attitude brought an immediate reaction from the markets. | That attitude brought an immediate reaction from the markets. |
| Investment banking giant Goldman Sachs lost more than 4% despite announcing a sharp increase in profits. Bank of America fell 6.2% and shares in JP Morgan Chase were down 6.6%. | Investment banking giant Goldman Sachs lost more than 4% despite announcing a sharp increase in profits. Bank of America fell 6.2% and shares in JP Morgan Chase were down 6.6%. |
| "Banking reforms do not come bigger than those proposed by President Obama," the BBC's business editor Robert Peston said. | "Banking reforms do not come bigger than those proposed by President Obama," the BBC's business editor Robert Peston said. |
| Fighting talk | Fighting talk |
| Mr Obama's move is his first proposal since Republican Scott Brown's shock victory in Massachusetts to win a Senate seat. | Mr Obama's move is his first proposal since Republican Scott Brown's shock victory in Massachusetts to win a Senate seat. |
| The Republican victory may make it harder to get Mr Obama's proposals passed in the Senate, as they are more likely to get held up in political wrangling. | The Republican victory may make it harder to get Mr Obama's proposals passed in the Senate, as they are more likely to get held up in political wrangling. |
| "This is a political effort because of what happened in Massachusetts," said economist Peter Morici of the University of Maryland. | "This is a political effort because of what happened in Massachusetts," said economist Peter Morici of the University of Maryland. |
| ANALYSIS Mark Mardell, BBC North America editor | |
| This looks like a sudden and fairly dramatic change of policy. | |
| But the White House says it was agreed shortly before Christmas. | |
| Getting new laws through the Senate won't be easy, but it will be a lot easier than pressing ahead with health care reform which now seems to have been put off to some indefinite time in the future. | |
| For the Democrats, this plan has distinct advantages. | |
| Some Republicans, like former presidential candidate John McCain, already support very similar ideas and may well back tougher new rules. | |
| Those who don't can be portrayed as friends of Wall Street, acting against the interests of Main Street. | |
| Banks have also been lobbying against more stringent regulation. | Banks have also been lobbying against more stringent regulation. |
| "If these folks want a fight, it's a fight I'm ready to have," Mr Obama vowed. | "If these folks want a fight, it's a fight I'm ready to have," Mr Obama vowed. |
| The president dubbed his proposals on limiting bank risk the Volcker rule - after Paul Volcker, one of his economic advisors and a former chairman of the Federal Reserve central bank. | The president dubbed his proposals on limiting bank risk the Volcker rule - after Paul Volcker, one of his economic advisors and a former chairman of the Federal Reserve central bank. |
| The moves follow popular anger at financial institutions, who have been paying large bonuses to staff even as they accepted government bail-outs to keep them going. | The moves follow popular anger at financial institutions, who have been paying large bonuses to staff even as they accepted government bail-outs to keep them going. |
| Mr Obama's proposals appear to be a return to the principles underlying the Glass-Steagall Act. | Mr Obama's proposals appear to be a return to the principles underlying the Glass-Steagall Act. |
| That law - from the 1930s in the aftermath of the Great Depression - separated commercial and investment banking and was eventually abolished in 1999 under President Bill Clinton. | That law - from the 1930s in the aftermath of the Great Depression - separated commercial and investment banking and was eventually abolished in 1999 under President Bill Clinton. |
| Mr Clinton's financial secretary at the time, Robert Rubin, previously worked at Goldman Sachs and went on to be an adviser to Citigroup until last year. | Mr Clinton's financial secretary at the time, Robert Rubin, previously worked at Goldman Sachs and went on to be an adviser to Citigroup until last year. |
| The latest proposals follow a $117bn (£72bn) levy on banks to recoup money US taxpayers spent bailing out the banks. | The latest proposals follow a $117bn (£72bn) levy on banks to recoup money US taxpayers spent bailing out the banks. |
| The tax will claw back some of the losses from a $700bn taxpayer bail-out of US banks known as the Troubled Asset Relief Program (Tarp). | The tax will claw back some of the losses from a $700bn taxpayer bail-out of US banks known as the Troubled Asset Relief Program (Tarp). |
| It was drawn up in the midst of the financial crisis in 2008, following the collapse of US investment bank Lehman Brothers and rescue of insurance giant American International Group (AIG). | It was drawn up in the midst of the financial crisis in 2008, following the collapse of US investment bank Lehman Brothers and rescue of insurance giant American International Group (AIG). |
| The industry lobby group for banks suggested Mr Obama was trying to return the US to the past. | The industry lobby group for banks suggested Mr Obama was trying to return the US to the past. |
| "The better answer is to modernise the regulatory framework and not take the industry and the economy back to the 1930s," said the Financial Services Roundtable, an industry group that represents large Wall Street institutions. | "The better answer is to modernise the regulatory framework and not take the industry and the economy back to the 1930s," said the Financial Services Roundtable, an industry group that represents large Wall Street institutions. |
| In the UK, City Minister Lord Myners said the US proposals were "very much in accordance with the direction we have been setting". | In the UK, City Minister Lord Myners said the US proposals were "very much in accordance with the direction we have been setting". |
| While shadow chancellor George Osborne said that if the Conservatives won the next general election, they would impose an identical dismantling of UK banks to those suggested by the US president. | While shadow chancellor George Osborne said that if the Conservatives won the next general election, they would impose an identical dismantling of UK banks to those suggested by the US president. |