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| Vaccine 'could cut HIV TB deaths' | Vaccine 'could cut HIV TB deaths' |
| (about 3 hours later) | |
| A vaccine could cut the number of cases of tuberculosis among HIV-positive Africans by almost two-fifths, claim researchers. | A vaccine could cut the number of cases of tuberculosis among HIV-positive Africans by almost two-fifths, claim researchers. |
| The lung infection is the most common cause of death among HIV patients in the continent. | The lung infection is the most common cause of death among HIV patients in the continent. |
| Research published in the journal AIDS found significantly fewer TB cases in vaccinated patients. | Research published in the journal AIDS found significantly fewer TB cases in vaccinated patients. |
| An expert said the jab could be a cheaper option for countries struggling to find money for extra anti-HIV drugs. | |
| TB is a massive problem - a third of people living with HIV in Africa are infected with it Alvaro Bermejo, International HIV/AIDS Alliance | TB is a massive problem - a third of people living with HIV in Africa are infected with it Alvaro Bermejo, International HIV/AIDS Alliance |
| HIV patients are particularly vulnerable to TB because their immune systems are compromised. | HIV patients are particularly vulnerable to TB because their immune systems are compromised. |
| The vaccine works by boosting the immune responses of patients who have already been given the BCG vaccine earlier in life. | The vaccine works by boosting the immune responses of patients who have already been given the BCG vaccine earlier in life. |
| In itself, the BCG jab may offer some protection against TB, but this is far from certain, and protection may only last a few years after immunisation. | In itself, the BCG jab may offer some protection against TB, but this is far from certain, and protection may only last a few years after immunisation. |
| The researchers from Dartmouth Medical School in the US tested it among 2,000 HIV positive patients in Tanzania over a seven-year period. | |
| The number of confirmed TB cases was 39% lower in the vaccinated group. | The number of confirmed TB cases was 39% lower in the vaccinated group. |
| First vaccine | First vaccine |
| Professor Ford von Reyn, who led the study, said it was a "significant milestone". | Professor Ford von Reyn, who led the study, said it was a "significant milestone". |
| One theory now suggests that patients could be given the booster jab as soon as they are diagnosed with HIV, before antiretroviral drugs are needed. | One theory now suggests that patients could be given the booster jab as soon as they are diagnosed with HIV, before antiretroviral drugs are needed. |
| Alvaro Bermejo, executive director at the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, said that the other way of fighting TB in HIV patients might be to give them antiretrovirals earlier, an expensive option compared with a vaccination programme. | |
| He said: "This is a very important finding - it is the first time we are going to have a vaccine which is influential in preventing opportunistic infections in HIV patients. | He said: "This is a very important finding - it is the first time we are going to have a vaccine which is influential in preventing opportunistic infections in HIV patients. |
| "TB is a massive problem - a third of people living with HIV in Africa are infected with it. | "TB is a massive problem - a third of people living with HIV in Africa are infected with it. |
| "The reduction of 39% seen in Tanzania, although not fabulous, is a good result." | "The reduction of 39% seen in Tanzania, although not fabulous, is a good result." |