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| Major Afghan offensive launched | Major Afghan offensive launched |
| (about 1 hour later) | |
| More than 15,000 American, British and Afghan troops have launched the biggest offensive in Afghanistan since the overthrow of the Taliban in 2001. | More than 15,000 American, British and Afghan troops have launched the biggest offensive in Afghanistan since the overthrow of the Taliban in 2001. |
| Helicopter-borne forces are attacking the Taliban-held districts of Marjah and Nad Ali in Helmand province in a bid to re-establish government control. | Helicopter-borne forces are attacking the Taliban-held districts of Marjah and Nad Ali in Helmand province in a bid to re-establish government control. |
| Nato says Marjah is home to the biggest community under insurgent control in the south and 400 to 1,000 militants. | Nato says Marjah is home to the biggest community under insurgent control in the south and 400 to 1,000 militants. |
| Many residents fled ahead of Operation Moshtarak - meaning "together" in Dari. | Many residents fled ahead of Operation Moshtarak - meaning "together" in Dari. |
| Nato had distributed leaflets in the Marjah area warning of the planned offensive in a bid to limit civilian casualties. Villagers said they warned Taliban fighters to leave the area or be killed. | Nato had distributed leaflets in the Marjah area warning of the planned offensive in a bid to limit civilian casualties. Villagers said they warned Taliban fighters to leave the area or be killed. |
| AT THE SCENE Ian PannellBBC NewsNad Ali There are the best part of 100 British troops here together with the Afghan National Army. They've moved much faster than they expected. | |
| We arrived here under the cover of darkness with a whole series of helicopters ferrying troops out to different parts of the district. We landed at about 0400 and waited in a field until first light then started to move through the village where we are now. | |
| There has been not much sign of insurgents or, indeed, the local population - they seem to have fled in advance. | |
| We have heard a few booms in the distance - we believe those are controlled explosions of IEDs. So far, and it's early days, UK forces seem pleased with how things have gone. Operation Moshtarak: Diary | |
| Despite the warnings, reports from Helmand suggest many civilians remain, while the Taliban has claimed its fighters were ready to resist the assault. | |
| Nato Commander Maj Gen Nick Carter told the BBC the initial operation had gone well. | |
| "It's been so far extremely successful," he said. "There have been no battle casualties as yet from any of the combined forces. | |
| "And indeed it would appear that we've caught the insurgents on the hop - he appears to be completely dislocated." | |
| It is thought the Taliban will have prepared defences, and planted many improvised explosive devices (IEDs) on the routes they expect troops to take. | It is thought the Taliban will have prepared defences, and planted many improvised explosive devices (IEDs) on the routes they expect troops to take. |
| Earlier this week British forces began a "softening up" process, taking part in a Nato ground and air offensive on insurgent positions. | Earlier this week British forces began a "softening up" process, taking part in a Nato ground and air offensive on insurgent positions. |
| On Thursday a British soldier involved in Operation Moshtarak was killed by an IED, and UK Defence Secretary Bob Ainsworth has warned that there will be more casualties in the coming days. | On Thursday a British soldier involved in Operation Moshtarak was killed by an IED, and UK Defence Secretary Bob Ainsworth has warned that there will be more casualties in the coming days. |
| 'First wave' | 'First wave' |
| Operation Moshtarak is being led by the US Marine Corps, but a total of 4,000 British troops are involved on the ground supported by Canadians, Danes and Estonians. | Operation Moshtarak is being led by the US Marine Corps, but a total of 4,000 British troops are involved on the ground supported by Canadians, Danes and Estonians. |
| We are going to take this place and take it very hard Senior Nato official class="" href="/2/hi/south_asia/8513535.stm">Conflict reaches critical juncture class="" href="/2/hi/south_asia/8500903.stm">Details on Operation Moshtarak | |
| The initial offensive in Marjah, in Nad Ali district, began early on Saturday. | The initial offensive in Marjah, in Nad Ali district, began early on Saturday. |
| More than 4,000 US marines, 1,500 Afghan soldiers and 300 US soldiers moved in by helicopter under cover of night. | More than 4,000 US marines, 1,500 Afghan soldiers and 300 US soldiers moved in by helicopter under cover of night. |
| The assault was preceded by illumination flares, which were fired over the town at about 0200 local time (2130 GMT on Friday ), the Associated Press reported. | The assault was preceded by illumination flares, which were fired over the town at about 0200 local time (2130 GMT on Friday ), the Associated Press reported. |
| "The first wave of choppers has landed inside Marjah. The operation has begun," said Capt Joshua Winfrey, commander of Lima Company, 3rd Battalion, 6th Marines, which was at the forefront of the attack. | "The first wave of choppers has landed inside Marjah. The operation has begun," said Capt Joshua Winfrey, commander of Lima Company, 3rd Battalion, 6th Marines, which was at the forefront of the attack. |
| Later, US and Afghan forces said they had come under sporadic rocket and heavy machine-gun fire from insurgents dug into defensive positions in the area. | Later, US and Afghan forces said they had come under sporadic rocket and heavy machine-gun fire from insurgents dug into defensive positions in the area. |
| In Nad Ali, British and Afghan troops have so far met little resistance and have been able to move through the district much faster than expected, says the BBC's Ian Pannell, who is embedded with B Company of the 1st Battalion The Royal Welsh. | In Nad Ali, British and Afghan troops have so far met little resistance and have been able to move through the district much faster than expected, says the BBC's Ian Pannell, who is embedded with B Company of the 1st Battalion The Royal Welsh. |
| Our correspondent says he has heard a few explosions in the distance, but they are believed to have been controlled detonations of IEDs. | Our correspondent says he has heard a few explosions in the distance, but they are believed to have been controlled detonations of IEDs. |
| British troops were urged to 'win the people' | British troops were urged to 'win the people' |
| There appears to be little sign of either the Taliban or the local population, and both appear to have taken heed of warnings from Nato and left in advance, he adds. | There appears to be little sign of either the Taliban or the local population, and both appear to have taken heed of warnings from Nato and left in advance, he adds. |
| For the first time Afghan forces have been at the forefront of planning and will share the burden of the fighting. More than 1,900 Afghan police will provide support after the initial military operations end, and a large team of Afghan administrators have been assembled. | For the first time Afghan forces have been at the forefront of planning and will share the burden of the fighting. More than 1,900 Afghan police will provide support after the initial military operations end, and a large team of Afghan administrators have been assembled. |
| "We are in this together. We planned it together; we will fight it together; we will see it through together. Afghans with allies; soldiers with civilians; government with its people," the commander of British forces in Helmand, Brig James Cowan, told his troops on Thursday. | "We are in this together. We planned it together; we will fight it together; we will see it through together. Afghans with allies; soldiers with civilians; government with its people," the commander of British forces in Helmand, Brig James Cowan, told his troops on Thursday. |
| "Soon we will clear the Taliban from its safe havens in central Helmand. Where we go, we will stay. Where we stay, we will build." | "Soon we will clear the Taliban from its safe havens in central Helmand. Where we go, we will stay. Where we stay, we will build." |
| 'Tipping point' | 'Tipping point' |
| A senior Nato official told the BBC that Afghanistan's President, Hamid Karzai, had approved the start of the offensive on Thursday. | A senior Nato official told the BBC that Afghanistan's President, Hamid Karzai, had approved the start of the offensive on Thursday. |
| Residents of Marjah fear being trapped between troops and militants | Residents of Marjah fear being trapped between troops and militants |
| The official said it was "probably the definitive operation" of the counter-insurgency strategy outlined last year by the commander of both Nato and US forces in Afghanistan, Gen Stanley McChrystal. | The official said it was "probably the definitive operation" of the counter-insurgency strategy outlined last year by the commander of both Nato and US forces in Afghanistan, Gen Stanley McChrystal. |
| "If it goes well, this operation could potentially define the tipping point, the crucial momentum aspect in the counter-insurgency," the official said. "We are going to take this place and take it very hard." | "If it goes well, this operation could potentially define the tipping point, the crucial momentum aspect in the counter-insurgency," the official said. "We are going to take this place and take it very hard." |
| The decision to go into Marjah is part of an effort to secure a 320-km (200-mile) horseshoe-shaped string of towns that runs along the Helmand River, through Kandahar and on to the Pakistani border. The area holds 85% of the population of Kandahar and Helmand. | The decision to go into Marjah is part of an effort to secure a 320-km (200-mile) horseshoe-shaped string of towns that runs along the Helmand River, through Kandahar and on to the Pakistani border. The area holds 85% of the population of Kandahar and Helmand. |
| MARJAH: 'TALIBAN STRONGHOLD' Town and district about 40km (25 miles) south-west of Lashkar GahLies in Helmand's 'Green Zone' - an irrigated area of lush vegetation and farmlandLast remaining major Taliban stronghold in southern HelmandArea considered a centre for assembling roadside bombsKey supply centre for opium poppies - lucrative revenue source for TalibanEstimates of Taliban numbers range up to 1,000 Population of Marjah town put at 80,000 while the whole of Marjah district is thought to have 125,000 UK forces 'soften up' Taliban targets | MARJAH: 'TALIBAN STRONGHOLD' Town and district about 40km (25 miles) south-west of Lashkar GahLies in Helmand's 'Green Zone' - an irrigated area of lush vegetation and farmlandLast remaining major Taliban stronghold in southern HelmandArea considered a centre for assembling roadside bombsKey supply centre for opium poppies - lucrative revenue source for TalibanEstimates of Taliban numbers range up to 1,000 Population of Marjah town put at 80,000 while the whole of Marjah district is thought to have 125,000 UK forces 'soften up' Taliban targets |
| The BBC's Adam Brookes says the offensive has political importance in Washington because it is by far the largest single operation since President Barack Obama announced a "surge" in December, increasing the number of US troops in the country by 30,000 to nearly 100,000. | The BBC's Adam Brookes says the offensive has political importance in Washington because it is by far the largest single operation since President Barack Obama announced a "surge" in December, increasing the number of US troops in the country by 30,000 to nearly 100,000. |
| Marjah, which lies in Helmand's "green zone" - an irrigated area of lush vegetation and farmland - is a hive of Taliban activity and is a centre for cultivation of opium poppies. | Marjah, which lies in Helmand's "green zone" - an irrigated area of lush vegetation and farmland - is a hive of Taliban activity and is a centre for cultivation of opium poppies. |
| Once the area is secured, Nato hopes to provide aid and to restore public services in the area. The aim, the alliance says, is to win support among the estimated 125,000 people who live there and prevent the Taliban from regaining control. | Once the area is secured, Nato hopes to provide aid and to restore public services in the area. The aim, the alliance says, is to win support among the estimated 125,000 people who live there and prevent the Taliban from regaining control. |
| Operation Moshtarak: Assault in Helmand province | Operation Moshtarak: Assault in Helmand province |