Prime Minister David Cameron has arrived at the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh as part of talks with First Minister Alex Salmond.
Prime Minister David Cameron has called for a "fresh start" in relations between the Scots and UK governments.
Mr Cameron, who has promised to treat the devolved government with "respect", is also meeting opposition leaders.
Speaking on a visit to Holyrood, Mr Cameron also called for an "agenda of respect" between the Westminster and Edinburgh parliaments.
Mr Salmond is pressing the prime minister to concede further cash and spending powers for Holyrood.
The prime minister, who is also meeting first minister Alex Salmond, said he was open to SNP calls for increased funding and powers for Scotland.
Mr Cameron wants a "new spirit of co-operation" between the Scottish Parliament and Westminster as a whole.
But he also warned the UK spending deficit had to be cut.
Meanwhile, it has emerged that former Scottish deputy first minister and Lib Dem politician Lord Wallace is expected to return to government as advocate general for Scotland, the UK government's most senior Scottish law officer.
Speaking in the Scottish Parliament, Mr Cameron said: "I want a real agenda of respect between our parliaments.
Andrew BlackPolitical reporter, BBC Scotland Today's visit is the first crucial test of David Cameron's 'respect agenda', which the Tory leader has been pushing for the last two years.
"I want to see Scottish ministers able to appear in front of select committees in Westminster and I believe that, if the Scottish Parliament would wish it, I would appear every year at the Scottish Parliament to answer questions."
It goes something like this: Mr Cameron says to the SNP: When it comes to Scotland I'll respect devolution as long as you recognise the areas where Westminster has responsibility. Alex Salmond says: Fair enough, but that won't stop me acting in the Scottish interest if I need to.
Mr Cameron added: "This agenda is about parliaments working together, of governing with respect, both because I believe Scotland deserves that respect and because I want to try and win Scotland's respect as the prime minister of the United kingdom."
That poses problems in areas such as new nuclear power stations - now back on the UK government's agenda, but unwanted by SNP ministers.
Mr Cameron added: "I also want to see a fresh start in the relationship between the British prime minister and the Scottish first minister."
In terms of going forward, Mr Salmond wants more power and more cash, while Mr Cameron, whose party has just one Scottish MP, wants to cut the UK deficit.
Both sides have expressed the political will to get on, but historical bad blood between the two parties could cause problems down the road - the SNP has already referred to the new UK government as the 'Con-dem coalition'.
Also involved with today's events will be Scottish secretary Danny Alexander, the Lib Dem politician who might just find himself having to keep the peace in future.
It is also understood Alistair Carmichael, Lib Dem MP for Orkney and Shetland will serve as a senior government whip in the Commons.
During today's meeting, Mr Salmond will call on Mr Cameron's Tory-Lib Dem coalition government to bring forward £350m of capital spending to aid Scotland's economic recovery, and will also argue Scotland is owed £165m over five years in "consequential" funding, as a result of public spending in relation to the London Olympics.
The SNP leader will also request the Treasury releases cash for Scotland held in the fossil fuel levy, worth £180m, and will press the case to give enhanced borrowing powers to Holyrood, as recommended by the Calman Commission review of devolution.
Mr Salmond told BBC Radio's Good Morning Scotland programme: "The people of Scotland expect Scotland's first minister to stick up for Scotland's interests and that is what I am going to do."
The first minister said he had tried to identify measures which could be taken for Scotland which would not have an adverse affect elsewhere.
He said: "In terms of the fossil fuel levy, that is almost £200m, paid for by Scottish generators, lying in a London bank account, that can only be spent on renewable energy in Scotland.
"We don't have access to it at the moment because the previous government's position has been, if we access that funding it would be deducted from health and education funding in Scotland.
"There is an example of something which could be released to generate thousands of jobs in Scotland in the major opportunity of marine renewables and it would be no dis-benefit to anyone else whatsoever."
Mr Cameron will be accompanied by Danny Alexander, the Liberal Democrat MP who has been appointed Scottish secretary.
The visit comes after Scottish Tory leader Annabel Goldie said the public had grown tired of past rows between the Scottish and UK governments, which have often focussed on funding, the proposed independence referendum and more powers for the Scottish Parliament.
The prime minister has said Westminster would not seek to override Holyrood's role on devolved matters, but also stressed the Scottish government must respect areas reserved to the UK parliament.
Mr Salmond said he would always support UK government policies which were in the "interest of the Scottish people", but added SNP ministers would, at all times, be making the argument to "advance the cause of Scotland".
David Mundell, the new minister for Scotland and the only Conservative MP north of the border, said he was confident the new government would restore support for his party in Scotland.
"The Conservatives do what they say - they deliver good government and I think that is the way in which we'll actually rebuild support for our party here in Scotland," he said.
