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| State-private university entry divide revealed | State-private university entry divide revealed |
| (about 3 hours later) | |
| By Sanchia Berg BBC Today programme | |
| Just five schools in England sent more pupils to Oxford and Cambridge over three years than nearly 2,000 others combined, researchers have found. | Just five schools in England sent more pupils to Oxford and Cambridge over three years than nearly 2,000 others combined, researchers have found. |
| The Sutton Trust charity has published, for the first time, school-by-school data on entry to higher education. | The Sutton Trust charity has published, for the first time, school-by-school data on entry to higher education. |
| BBC analysis of the data showed that private schools often get more pupils into selective universities than state ones with similar A-level results do. | BBC analysis of the data showed that private schools often get more pupils into selective universities than state ones with similar A-level results do. |
| Universities called for more freedom in offering places to bright state pupils. | Universities called for more freedom in offering places to bright state pupils. |
| The Sutton Trust has combined individual schools' A-level results with data from the university admissions body Ucas. | The Sutton Trust has combined individual schools' A-level results with data from the university admissions body Ucas. |
| Its table shows, by individual school, what percentage of pupils went forward into higher education in general, and what percentage went to a list of 30 universities the charity considers "highly selective". | Its table shows, by individual school, what percentage of pupils went forward into higher education in general, and what percentage went to a list of 30 universities the charity considers "highly selective". |
| Four independent schools - Eton, Westminster, St Paul's Boys and St Paul's Girls - and state-funded Hills Road Sixth Form College in Cambridge, together sent 946 pupils to Oxford and Cambridge between 2007 and 2009. | Four independent schools - Eton, Westminster, St Paul's Boys and St Paul's Girls - and state-funded Hills Road Sixth Form College in Cambridge, together sent 946 pupils to Oxford and Cambridge between 2007 and 2009. |
| By contrast, 2,000 lower-performing schools combined sent a total of 927 students to the two elite universities, the Sutton Trust found. | By contrast, 2,000 lower-performing schools combined sent a total of 927 students to the two elite universities, the Sutton Trust found. |
| Many of these schools sent no pupils at all, or on average fewer than one per year. | Many of these schools sent no pupils at all, or on average fewer than one per year. |
| The BBC used the data to compare schools with similar average A-level points against each other, and found that the figures suggested a gap remained between independent and state schools' university admissions. | The BBC used the data to compare schools with similar average A-level points against each other, and found that the figures suggested a gap remained between independent and state schools' university admissions. |
| For example, among schools where pupils achieved an average of 801-850 A-level points each (810 is equivalent to three A grades), 26% of the comprehensive school pupils went on to the selective universities, compared with 45% of the independent school pupils. | For example, among schools where pupils achieved an average of 801-850 A-level points each (810 is equivalent to three A grades), 26% of the comprehensive school pupils went on to the selective universities, compared with 45% of the independent school pupils. |
| And for schools with 851-900 A-Level points per student, 50% of independent school pupils got places at the selective universities, while only 32% of comprehensive pupils did. | And for schools with 851-900 A-Level points per student, 50% of independent school pupils got places at the selective universities, while only 32% of comprehensive pupils did. |
| Sutton Trust chairman Sir Peter Lampl said "stark inequalities" in university entrance were driven primarily by the exam results. | Sutton Trust chairman Sir Peter Lampl said "stark inequalities" in university entrance were driven primarily by the exam results. |
| Independent and selective state schools tend to dominate the highest A-level grade scores. | Independent and selective state schools tend to dominate the highest A-level grade scores. |
| But he added that the data "reveals that university chances can vary dramatically for schools with similar average grades". | But he added that the data "reveals that university chances can vary dramatically for schools with similar average grades". |
| The Trust also noted that pupils from high attaining independent schools put in more applications to highly selective universities than comprehensive school peers with similar grades. | The Trust also noted that pupils from high attaining independent schools put in more applications to highly selective universities than comprehensive school peers with similar grades. |
| 'Subjects are key' | 'Subjects are key' |
| However, the Russell Group, which represents 20 leading universities, said it was concerned that the Sutton Trust report failed to explain fully the reasons behind the gap. | However, the Russell Group, which represents 20 leading universities, said it was concerned that the Sutton Trust report failed to explain fully the reasons behind the gap. |
| It said a simple A-level point score does not show what subjects were taken, nor exactly what grades were achieved. | It said a simple A-level point score does not show what subjects were taken, nor exactly what grades were achieved. |
| Professor Anna Vignoles of the Institute of Education has researched the issue. | Professor Anna Vignoles of the Institute of Education has researched the issue. |
| She also notes that students with good grades may still not have studied the required subjects for certain courses. | She also notes that students with good grades may still not have studied the required subjects for certain courses. |
| And she adds that a points average might camouflage wide grade variation within an individual school. | And she adds that a points average might camouflage wide grade variation within an individual school. |
| But even so, there is still some disparity in acceptances between independent and state schools with similar grades which could not be explained away, she said. | But even so, there is still some disparity in acceptances between independent and state schools with similar grades which could not be explained away, she said. |
| "In our research, not all of that gap disappears even when you account for subject and choice at A-level." | "In our research, not all of that gap disappears even when you account for subject and choice at A-level." |
| Mike Nicholson, director of undergraduate admissions at Oxford, said that the university targeted state schools which had little or no history of sending pupils there. | Mike Nicholson, director of undergraduate admissions at Oxford, said that the university targeted state schools which had little or no history of sending pupils there. |
| In recent years, state school applications had risen, he added. | In recent years, state school applications had risen, he added. |
| During the selection process, the university now flags up candidates with excellent results who are from disadvantaged backgrounds - whether from an under-achieving school, a postcode indicating deprivation, or time spent in the care system. | During the selection process, the university now flags up candidates with excellent results who are from disadvantaged backgrounds - whether from an under-achieving school, a postcode indicating deprivation, or time spent in the care system. |
| Such candidates may be fast-tracked to interview. | Such candidates may be fast-tracked to interview. |
| "A bright student is a bright student is a bright student... it doesn't matter what their school or educational background is, the interview will allow us to pull that out," said Mr Nicholson. | "A bright student is a bright student is a bright student... it doesn't matter what their school or educational background is, the interview will allow us to pull that out," said Mr Nicholson. |
| 'Damning indictment' | 'Damning indictment' |
| Universities UK, the vice-chancellors' umbrella body, called on the government to demonstrate a "strong will and commitment" in backing the use of such information - sometimes called "contextual data" - about deprived students' backgrounds, in university admissions processes. | Universities UK, the vice-chancellors' umbrella body, called on the government to demonstrate a "strong will and commitment" in backing the use of such information - sometimes called "contextual data" - about deprived students' backgrounds, in university admissions processes. |
| In its recent White Paper, the government outlined plans to allow universities to offer as many places as they want to students with AAB grades at A-level. | In its recent White Paper, the government outlined plans to allow universities to offer as many places as they want to students with AAB grades at A-level. |
| These must "explicitly allow universities to use contextual data in the admissions process", said UUK president Professor Sir Steve Smith. | These must "explicitly allow universities to use contextual data in the admissions process", said UUK president Professor Sir Steve Smith. |
| "However, we must make sure that efforts to increase the participation rate of disadvantaged students isn't focused solely on a handful of the most competitive courses and universities," he added. | "However, we must make sure that efforts to increase the participation rate of disadvantaged students isn't focused solely on a handful of the most competitive courses and universities," he added. |
| The University and College Union said the report showed that an expansion of places for students with AAB grades "would most likely be filled by students from the most privileged backgrounds". | The University and College Union said the report showed that an expansion of places for students with AAB grades "would most likely be filled by students from the most privileged backgrounds". |
| "This government's higher education policy seems driven by a desire to reserve places at some institutions for the most privileged," said UCU general secretary Sally Hunt. | "This government's higher education policy seems driven by a desire to reserve places at some institutions for the most privileged," said UCU general secretary Sally Hunt. |
| But the Schools Minister Nick Gibb said the report was a "damning indictment" of "Labour's failure to improve social mobility". | But the Schools Minister Nick Gibb said the report was a "damning indictment" of "Labour's failure to improve social mobility". |
| "Despite all their promises, they left hundreds of thousands of children with little to no chance of getting to the best universities," he said. | "Despite all their promises, they left hundreds of thousands of children with little to no chance of getting to the best universities," he said. |
| Mr Gibb said the government was tackling the problem by improving schools and targeting funding at the poorest pupils. | Mr Gibb said the government was tackling the problem by improving schools and targeting funding at the poorest pupils. |
| But critics, including Labour, argue that the government's decision to allow universities to charge up to £9,000 per year in tuition fees is likely to put off students from deprived backgrounds. | But critics, including Labour, argue that the government's decision to allow universities to charge up to £9,000 per year in tuition fees is likely to put off students from deprived backgrounds. |
| The fees are paid up front by the government in the form of a loan, which is then paid back after the student graduates and is earning above £21,000 a year. | The fees are paid up front by the government in the form of a loan, which is then paid back after the student graduates and is earning above £21,000 a year. |
| The Office of Fair Access is due next week to publish the "access agreements" under which universities wanting to charge higher fees commit to targets for recruiting disadvantaged students. | The Office of Fair Access is due next week to publish the "access agreements" under which universities wanting to charge higher fees commit to targets for recruiting disadvantaged students. |