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| DR Congo election: Joseph Kabila 're-elected' | DR Congo election: Joseph Kabila 're-elected' |
| (40 minutes later) | |
| President Joseph Kabila has won the Democratic Republic of Congo's election, provisional results show. | President Joseph Kabila has won the Democratic Republic of Congo's election, provisional results show. |
| He obtained 49% of the vote against 32% for veteran opposition leader Etienne Tshisekedi, the election commission chief said. | He obtained 49% of the vote against 32% for veteran opposition leader Etienne Tshisekedi, the election commission chief said. |
| The announcement has been delayed since Tuesday, with election officials blaming logistical problems. | The announcement has been delayed since Tuesday, with election officials blaming logistical problems. |
| The opposition has complained of fraud and security is tight in the capital, Kinshasa, amid fears of violence. | The opposition has complained of fraud and security is tight in the capital, Kinshasa, amid fears of violence. |
| DR Congo is rich in minerals such as gold, diamond and coltan, which is used in mobile phones. But years of conflict and mismanagement mean it recently came bottom of a survey of living standards around the world. | |
| Riot police are patrolling the streets of the capital, seen as an opposition stronghold in this country which is still recovering from years of conflict in which some four million people died. | |
| The BBC's Noel Mwakugu says the mood in opposition districts of Kinshasa is quiet and sombre. | |
| Joseph Kabila now needs to get his victory confirmed by the supreme court, which must certify a final result before the presidential inauguration scheduled for 20 December. | |
| Mr Tshisekedi's party has expressed its mistrust in the court and indicated that it would not pursue legal challenges to the election's result, but other candidates probably will. | |
| Many local and international observers including the European Union and the Carter Center have expressed concern at the reduced transparency in the legal challenge process. Legislation was modified earlier this year to hold electoral hearings behind closed doors and more than 15 judges were appointed just before the election. | |
| In the longer term, Mr Kabila is bound to face legitimacy challenges throughout his new term. | |
| The change from a two-round to a first-past-the-post presidential election, which he promoted in a constitutional amendment earlier this year, succeeded in dividing the opposition. | |
| But this means he is being re-elected with less than 50% of the vote, amid widespread suspicion of electoral fraud, and with very little support in most of the country's western provinces including the capital, Kinshasa. | |
| Many shops and stalls in the city's markets have been closed for most of the week. | Many shops and stalls in the city's markets have been closed for most of the week. |
| "The Independent National Electoral Commission certifies that candidate Kabila Kabange Joseph has obtained the simple majority of votes," said election commission chief Daniel Ngoy Mulunda. | "The Independent National Electoral Commission certifies that candidate Kabila Kabange Joseph has obtained the simple majority of votes," said election commission chief Daniel Ngoy Mulunda. |
| On Thursday, he said the results had been delayed again in order to "assure the credibility" of the numbers. | |
| In the eastern city of Goma, people started to celebrate as soon as the results were announced on national TV and radio, reports the BBC's Joshua Mmali in the city. | In the eastern city of Goma, people started to celebrate as soon as the results were announced on national TV and radio, reports the BBC's Joshua Mmali in the city. |
| Mr Kabila enjoys greater popularity in eastern areas, where his origins lie and where he is credited with helping to end the war. | |
| However, he is less popular in the west, partly because he is not fluent in the local Lingala language and because some see him as representing foreign interests. | |
| The results still have to be ratified by the supreme court. | |
| International protests | |
| Mr Kabila, 40, has been president since 2001, following the death of his father, Laurent. | |
| In 2006 he won the first elections since the end of a five-year conflict and is now due to be sworn in on 20 December for his second term. | In 2006 he won the first elections since the end of a five-year conflict and is now due to be sworn in on 20 December for his second term. |
| Earlier this year, the constitution was amended so that the candidate with the most votes wins the elections, removing the need for a second round. | |
| As well as the presidential race, more than 18,000 candidates contested 500 parliamentary seats. | |
| Mr Tshisekedi, 78, campaigned for multi-party democracy during the years of former leader Mobutu Sese Seko but this was the first time he has contested an election. | |
| His supporters have been protesting in South Africa, Belgium, France and the UK, accusing the international community of backing Mr Kabila | |
| Four other candidates have said the election should be annulled because of alleged fraud, including pre-marked ballot papers. | |
| Voting material did not arrive in some polling stations for four days after the election was supposed to have been held. | |
| Election officials used helicopters from the UN peacekeeping mission to deliver material to remote parts of the country, which is two-thirds the size of Western Europe but with hardly any paved roads or railways. | |
| But the African Union and four other African observer missions said the polls had been "successful" and urged both sides to show restraint. | |
| The European Union observer mission said its preliminary findings showed that the polls were marred by "numerous irregularities, sometimes serious". | |
| Several thousand people last weekend fled Kinshasa for neighbouring Congo-Brazzaville as fears grew that violence would escalate once completed results are published. | |
| Inside DR Congo | |
| The Democratic Republic of Congo covers 2,344,858 square km of land in the centre of Africa, making it the 12th largest country in the world. | |
| DR Congo has abundant mineral wealth. It has more than 70% of the world's coltan, used to make vital components of mobile phones, 30% of the planet's diamond reserves and vast deposits of cobalt, copper and bauxite. This wealth however has attracted looters and fuelled the country's civil war. Despite the country's size, transport infrastructure is very poor. Of 153,497km of roads, only 2,794km are paved. There are around 4,000 km of railways but much is narrow-gauge track and in poor condition. Waterways are vital to transport goods but journeys can take months to complete. Overcrowded boats frequently capsize, while DR Congo has more plane crashes than any other country. With an estimated population of 71 million, DR Congo is the fourth most populous country in Africa. Some 35% of the population live in cities and the capital Kinshasa is by far the largest, with more than 8 million inhabitants. DR Congo has around 200 ethnic identities with the majority of people belonging to the Kongo, Luba and Mongo groups. Given its size and resources DR Congo should be a prosperous country, but years of war, corruption and economic mismanagement have left it desperately poor. In 2011 it lags far behind in many key development indicators, with average life expectancy increasing by only 2 years since 1980, after a period when it actually fell during the mid 1990s. |