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| EU opens legal action against Hungary over new laws | EU opens legal action against Hungary over new laws |
| (40 minutes later) | |
| The European Commission - the EU's executive arm - has opened legal proceedings against Hungary over reforms to its central bank, data protection and judiciary. | The European Commission - the EU's executive arm - has opened legal proceedings against Hungary over reforms to its central bank, data protection and judiciary. |
| PM Viktor Orban was given a month to respond to the Commission's concerns. | PM Viktor Orban was given a month to respond to the Commission's concerns. |
| Critics say the new central bank law puts the bank's independence at risk. It allows Mr Orban to install a new deputy governor. | Critics say the new central bank law puts the bank's independence at risk. It allows Mr Orban to install a new deputy governor. |
| His conservative Fidesz party has a two-thirds majority in parliament. | His conservative Fidesz party has a two-thirds majority in parliament. |
| The Hungarian government said it would try to "resolve the problematic questions as soon as possible", so as to avoid an escalation of the legal dispute. | |
| The Commission launched an "infringement procedure" against Hungary on Tuesday, the first stage of which is a warning calling for changes to the controversial laws. | The Commission launched an "infringement procedure" against Hungary on Tuesday, the first stage of which is a warning calling for changes to the controversial laws. |
| "We do not want a shadow of doubt on respect for democratic principles and values to remain over the country any longer," Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso said. | "We do not want a shadow of doubt on respect for democratic principles and values to remain over the country any longer," Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso said. |
| "We hoped the Hungarian authorities would make the changes necessary to respect European law. This has not happened so far, so we have decided to launch the proceedings." | "We hoped the Hungarian authorities would make the changes necessary to respect European law. This has not happened so far, so we have decided to launch the proceedings." |
| Mr Barroso was speaking after a meeting of the 27 EU commissioners in Strasbourg. He said he would discuss the issues of concern with Mr Orban on 24 January in Brussels. | Mr Barroso was speaking after a meeting of the 27 EU commissioners in Strasbourg. He said he would discuss the issues of concern with Mr Orban on 24 January in Brussels. |
| The Commission move is a slap in the face for Hungary, but a relatively gentle one. | The Commission move is a slap in the face for Hungary, but a relatively gentle one. |
| Parliament in Budapest is not due to reconvene until mid-February, but could be summoned early. | Parliament in Budapest is not due to reconvene until mid-February, but could be summoned early. |
| Mr Orban has argued that all "convincing arguments" will be listened to, and laws will be changed if necessary. | Mr Orban has argued that all "convincing arguments" will be listened to, and laws will be changed if necessary. |
| 'This was a political message from the Commission,' said Tamas Boros, of the Policy Solutions thinktank in Budapest. | 'This was a political message from the Commission,' said Tamas Boros, of the Policy Solutions thinktank in Budapest. |
| The three issues highlighted by the Commission were "not necessarily the most important ones", he said, but show rather "those fields where the Commission can prove that Hungary is in breach of EU legislation". | The three issues highlighted by the Commission were "not necessarily the most important ones", he said, but show rather "those fields where the Commission can prove that Hungary is in breach of EU legislation". |
| Two formidable critics of the Fidesz government now hold influential positions in Europe - Commissioner Olli Rehn and Martin Schulz, newly elected Speaker of the European Parliament. | Two formidable critics of the Fidesz government now hold influential positions in Europe - Commissioner Olli Rehn and Martin Schulz, newly elected Speaker of the European Parliament. |
| Mr Orban will speak to the European Parliament on Wednesday and his Minister for IMF negotiations, Tamas Fellegi, will meet Olli Rehn in Brussels on Friday. | Mr Orban will speak to the European Parliament on Wednesday and his Minister for IMF negotiations, Tamas Fellegi, will meet Olli Rehn in Brussels on Friday. |
| The Commission can go as far as imposing fines and taking Hungary to the European Court of Justice. | The Commission can go as far as imposing fines and taking Hungary to the European Court of Justice. |
| There are fears that Hungary's new data protection authority will come under Fidesz influence and that a plan to make 274 judges retire early will undermine the judiciary's independence by enabling new pro-Fidesz appointees to replace them. | There are fears that Hungary's new data protection authority will come under Fidesz influence and that a plan to make 274 judges retire early will undermine the judiciary's independence by enabling new pro-Fidesz appointees to replace them. |
| Opposition to Fidesz | Opposition to Fidesz |
| Thousands of Hungarians have demonstrated over what they see as Fidesz authoritarianism. A new media authority set up by Fidesz is also highly controversial. | Thousands of Hungarians have demonstrated over what they see as Fidesz authoritarianism. A new media authority set up by Fidesz is also highly controversial. |
| The changes are part of a new constitution which took effect on 1 January. | The changes are part of a new constitution which took effect on 1 January. |
| "I expect the Hungarian authorities to address the Commission's legal concerns swiftly," EU Justice Commissioner Viviane Reding said. | "I expect the Hungarian authorities to address the Commission's legal concerns swiftly," EU Justice Commissioner Viviane Reding said. |
| "Only actual changes to the legislation in question, or their immediate suspension, will be able to accommodate the Commission's legal concerns." | "Only actual changes to the legislation in question, or their immediate suspension, will be able to accommodate the Commission's legal concerns." |
| Mr Orban says his opponents' criticisms are politically motivated. | Mr Orban says his opponents' criticisms are politically motivated. |
| He argues that partisan bickering has for too long handicapped Hungarian politics and that the last vestiges of communist influence need to be rooted out. | He argues that partisan bickering has for too long handicapped Hungarian politics and that the last vestiges of communist influence need to be rooted out. |
| 'No dispute with EU' | |
| But the Hungarian government insisted on Tuesday that "we have no dispute with EU institutions with regard to either the basic principles, or the importance of common European values and achievements". | |
| It promised "a basic examination" of the issues raised by the Commission, saying "our goal is to provide a full and relevant answer". | |
| "Like the European Commission, Hungary regards the independence of the national bank, the justice system and the data protection authority as fundamentally important," it said. | |
| Correspondents say a compromise may be found because Hungary is struggling to service its debts and wants to reach a new deal with the EU and International Monetary Fund on a standby loan worth up to 20bn euros (£16.5bn; $25bn). | Correspondents say a compromise may be found because Hungary is struggling to service its debts and wants to reach a new deal with the EU and International Monetary Fund on a standby loan worth up to 20bn euros (£16.5bn; $25bn). |
| Hungary's total debt has risen to 82% of its output, while its currency, the forint, has fallen to record lows against the euro. | Hungary's total debt has risen to 82% of its output, while its currency, the forint, has fallen to record lows against the euro. |
| The EU Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner, Olli Rehn, has already warned that Hungary could face a suspension of EU cohesion funds - support for regional projects. | The EU Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner, Olli Rehn, has already warned that Hungary could face a suspension of EU cohesion funds - support for regional projects. |
| And on Tuesday he said Hungary must first "review all relevant legislation" on the central bank before formal negotiations on the requested EU-IMF assistance could begin. | And on Tuesday he said Hungary must first "review all relevant legislation" on the central bank before formal negotiations on the requested EU-IMF assistance could begin. |
| Nearly a year ago a row between Hungary and the Commission was defused when Mr Orban's government agreed to amend the wording of the new media law, in the sections on balanced reporting, country of origin and media registration. | Nearly a year ago a row between Hungary and the Commission was defused when Mr Orban's government agreed to amend the wording of the new media law, in the sections on balanced reporting, country of origin and media registration. |