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| Facebook unveils $5bn stock market flotation plans | Facebook unveils $5bn stock market flotation plans |
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| The world's largest social networking site, Facebook, has announced plans for a stock market flotation. | The world's largest social networking site, Facebook, has announced plans for a stock market flotation. |
| Facebook said it would seek to raise $5bn (£3.16bn, 3.8bn euros), about half the amount many analysts expected. | Facebook said it would seek to raise $5bn (£3.16bn, 3.8bn euros), about half the amount many analysts expected. |
| But the initial public offering (IPO) is still expected to be the biggest sale of shares by an internet company. | But the initial public offering (IPO) is still expected to be the biggest sale of shares by an internet company. |
| Facebook, just eight years old and started by Harvard University students, now has 845 million users and made a profit of $1bn last year. | |
| Facebook filed its intention to float with the Securities and Exchange Commission after the US stock markets closed. | Facebook filed its intention to float with the Securities and Exchange Commission after the US stock markets closed. |
| The documents revealed for the first time information about the company that had previously been the subject of speculation. | The documents revealed for the first time information about the company that had previously been the subject of speculation. |
| This included news that Facebook's net income in 2011 rose 65% to $1bn, off revenues of $3.71bn. | This included news that Facebook's net income in 2011 rose 65% to $1bn, off revenues of $3.71bn. |
| It was disclosed that founder Mark Zuckerberg owns 28.4% of Facebook, and also that the network now has 845 million monthly users and 443 million daily users. | It was disclosed that founder Mark Zuckerberg owns 28.4% of Facebook, and also that the network now has 845 million monthly users and 443 million daily users. |
| The $5bn being raised would be the most for an internet initial public offering since Google and its early backers raised $1.67bn in 2004. | The $5bn being raised would be the most for an internet initial public offering since Google and its early backers raised $1.67bn in 2004. |
| The final amount Facebook will raise is likely to change as Facebook's bankers gauge the investor demand for the shares over the coming months. | The final amount Facebook will raise is likely to change as Facebook's bankers gauge the investor demand for the shares over the coming months. |
| The story of the company was made the subject of a 2010 Hollywood film, The Social Network, and the firm has made the verb "to friend" a part of everyday language. | The story of the company was made the subject of a 2010 Hollywood film, The Social Network, and the firm has made the verb "to friend" a part of everyday language. |
| Valuation justified | Valuation justified |
| For the first time, we have some detailed insight into the finances this extraordinary company. | |
| What the documents show is that Facebook has been growing very rapidly and very profitably. In two years, revenues - almost entirely from advertising - have increased fivefold, with profits quadrupling to exactly $1bn in 2011. | |
| But alongside the mass of numbers, we also get a letter from Mark Zuckerberg rather different from the conventional CEO boilerplate. | |
| Facebook, he affirms, exists to make the world more open and connected, and not just to build a company. | |
| Whether investors will be happy with that mission statement remains to be seen - although the document makes clear that Mr Zuckerberg will retain majority control of the business after the flotation. | |
| So, anyone buying into Facebook is buying into its young founder's vision of the future. | |
| Reports have suggested the company could be worth $100bn, roughly the same as US giants Amazon and McDonald's. | Reports have suggested the company could be worth $100bn, roughly the same as US giants Amazon and McDonald's. |
| Facebook currently makes most of its money from online advertising. | Facebook currently makes most of its money from online advertising. |
| "As it is not a paying service, you are not the customer, you are the product," explains the BBC's technology correspondent Rory Cellan-Jones. | "As it is not a paying service, you are not the customer, you are the product," explains the BBC's technology correspondent Rory Cellan-Jones. |
| "What Facebook is selling to the world is users' time and their attention, their likes and dislikes, all that time and data they pour into the site, so that they can be very precisely targeted with adverts matching our interests," our correspondent says. | "What Facebook is selling to the world is users' time and their attention, their likes and dislikes, all that time and data they pour into the site, so that they can be very precisely targeted with adverts matching our interests," our correspondent says. |
| Private to public | Private to public |
| As a private company, Facebook has not had to publish detailed accounts so it has not had to make public whether, or how much, profit it makes. This has been the subject of much speculation, however. | As a private company, Facebook has not had to publish detailed accounts so it has not had to make public whether, or how much, profit it makes. This has been the subject of much speculation, however. |
| Reports in January last year suggested a document sent by Goldman Sachs to its clients showed the firm made a net profit of $355m on revenues of $1.2bn in the first nine months of 2010. Subsequent estimates about its more recent profits range from $1.5bn to $3.5bn. | Reports in January last year suggested a document sent by Goldman Sachs to its clients showed the firm made a net profit of $355m on revenues of $1.2bn in the first nine months of 2010. Subsequent estimates about its more recent profits range from $1.5bn to $3.5bn. |
| Releasing much more detailed information on its finances will become part of the Facebook's duties as a publicly listed firm. | Releasing much more detailed information on its finances will become part of the Facebook's duties as a publicly listed firm. |
| "The company does change when you go public," co-founder of online travel site Lastminute.com Martha Lane Fox told the BBC. | "The company does change when you go public," co-founder of online travel site Lastminute.com Martha Lane Fox told the BBC. |
| "Whatever Mark Zuckerberg says about continuing to run the company for users, for employees, not for shareholders... it does mean there is a level of scrutiny and accountability not known in a private company." | "Whatever Mark Zuckerberg says about continuing to run the company for users, for employees, not for shareholders... it does mean there is a level of scrutiny and accountability not known in a private company." |
| Planning the IPO | Planning the IPO |
| "The IPO of Facebook is the one that investors have all been waiting for, given that it is now an iconic global brand with huge scope to expand even further," said Phil Wong, stockbroker at Redmayne Bentley. | "The IPO of Facebook is the one that investors have all been waiting for, given that it is now an iconic global brand with huge scope to expand even further," said Phil Wong, stockbroker at Redmayne Bentley. |
| "The major investment banks have competed to be selected as lead advisors given the status of the firm, and investors are sure to be equally eager to acquire a holding in the business." | "The major investment banks have competed to be selected as lead advisors given the status of the firm, and investors are sure to be equally eager to acquire a holding in the business." |
| Facebook is the latest in a series of online firms to sell shares to the public in recent months. | Facebook is the latest in a series of online firms to sell shares to the public in recent months. |
| Online voucher firm Groupon went public in November 2011 and online games maker Zynga in December 2011. | Online voucher firm Groupon went public in November 2011 and online games maker Zynga in December 2011. |
| Zynga's stock market value immediately fell below its asking price on the first day of trading, whilst Groupon only climbed past its offer price three months after the float. | Zynga's stock market value immediately fell below its asking price on the first day of trading, whilst Groupon only climbed past its offer price three months after the float. |
| Shares in the social networking site Linkedin fell below their May 2011 offer price after its shares became freely tradeable. | Shares in the social networking site Linkedin fell below their May 2011 offer price after its shares became freely tradeable. |
| However stock market traders remain positive about Facebook's flotation. | However stock market traders remain positive about Facebook's flotation. |
| "Facebook is worth the expected $80-$100bn valuation because we believe it is and will be the dominant social media platform globally," said Richard Nunn at Charles Stanley Securities. | "Facebook is worth the expected $80-$100bn valuation because we believe it is and will be the dominant social media platform globally," said Richard Nunn at Charles Stanley Securities. |
| "It has more than 100m more US users than Google did when it IPO'd, and Google is valued at $180bn, and most importantly for advertisers, the average dwell time of 6hrs 51m per month spent on Facebook trounces the competition by some way.' | "It has more than 100m more US users than Google did when it IPO'd, and Google is valued at $180bn, and most importantly for advertisers, the average dwell time of 6hrs 51m per month spent on Facebook trounces the competition by some way.' |