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Syria crisis, Bahrain unrest - live updates Syria crisis, Bahrain unrest - as it happened
(40 minutes later)
10.30pm BST/5.30pm ET: We're going to wrap up our live blog coverage of developments in the Middle East. Here's a summary of the latest:
Syria
• Clashes between government forces and the opposition continued into the night in cities across the country. Local activists put the number killed at 29.
• The United States notched up its rhetoric, with Ambassador Susan Rice saying the government must stop shelling and pull out of cities "immediately." Following a meeting of the friends of Syria group in Paris today, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said unspecified sanctions were possible if Syria did not comply.
• The US defense department has a plan in place to create "buffer zones" inside Syria secured by the United States and partners. There was no indication that the plan would be put into effect, however.
• UN Secretary General Ban ki-Moon says Syria has failed to comply with its obligation under a peace plan to pull troops and heavy weapons out of urban areas. In a letter to the security council, Ban Ki-moon called for an observer mission to be expanded to 300 members.
Bahrain
• Authorities used gunfire, stun grenades and tear gas on opposition protesters in advance of a Formula One race that will draw international attention to the island state this weekend. Opposition activists claim 23 people were wounded. The clashes were expected to continue through the weekend.
• Foreign journalists have been barred from Bahrain in the run-up to the race, including journalists with the Associated Press, Sky News and Agence France-Presse.
9.46pm BST/4.46pm ET: Is Bashar al-Assad a war criminal? US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton won't say so.9.46pm BST/4.46pm ET: Is Bashar al-Assad a war criminal? US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton won't say so.
CNN posted a portion of Clinton's interview yesterday with Wolf Blitzer in which he asks her if Assad is a war criminal.CNN posted a portion of Clinton's interview yesterday with Wolf Blitzer in which he asks her if Assad is a war criminal.
"I'm not going to get into the labeling, Wolf," Clinton said. "We really don't want to be labeling what we see which are clearly disproportionate use of force, human rights abuses, absolutely merciless shelling with heavy weaponry into unarmed civilian areas, even shelling across borders now in Turkey and Lebanon.""I'm not going to get into the labeling, Wolf," Clinton said. "We really don't want to be labeling what we see which are clearly disproportionate use of force, human rights abuses, absolutely merciless shelling with heavy weaponry into unarmed civilian areas, even shelling across borders now in Turkey and Lebanon."
(h/t @zaidbenjamin)(h/t @zaidbenjamin)
9.34pm BST/4.34pm ET: Syria Elite Dance to Dawn as Risk of Assad Overthrow Fades – that's the headline of a new San Francisco Chronicle story about how nightlife in Damascus and the outlook of the business community is better now than it was a month ago.9.34pm BST/4.34pm ET: Syria Elite Dance to Dawn as Risk of Assad Overthrow Fades – that's the headline of a new San Francisco Chronicle story about how nightlife in Damascus and the outlook of the business community is better now than it was a month ago.
The image from the first sentence of "Syria's elite [who] dine and dance till dawn on tabletops to the thump of patriotic songs" is a provocative one, feeding the perception of a carelessly out-of-touch ruling class embodied by the president and his wife.The image from the first sentence of "Syria's elite [who] dine and dance till dawn on tabletops to the thump of patriotic songs" is a provocative one, feeding the perception of a carelessly out-of-touch ruling class embodied by the president and his wife.
The article doesn't quite bear out the image as one that is recurrent or widespread in Damascus these days, although it does quote a restaurant manager as saying that "People seem more comfortable and the international situation is more relaxed."The article doesn't quite bear out the image as one that is recurrent or widespread in Damascus these days, although it does quote a restaurant manager as saying that "People seem more comfortable and the international situation is more relaxed."
The story, by Donna Abu-Nasr, says the conflict has caused an elite exodus:The story, by Donna Abu-Nasr, says the conflict has caused an elite exodus:
Other rich Syrians have simply left the country for the duration of the troubles, "because there's nothing that they can do at the moment, there's no business being conducted whatsoever" said Ayesha Sabavala, Syria economist at EIU.Other rich Syrians have simply left the country for the duration of the troubles, "because there's nothing that they can do at the moment, there's no business being conducted whatsoever" said Ayesha Sabavala, Syria economist at EIU.
Those who have stayed and enjoy the capital's nightlife "are a tiny minority whose lifestyle doesn't represent the lifestyle of the rest of Damascus," al-Malak said [Bassam al-Malak, a Damascus businessman sympathetic to the opposition]. Pro- government Syrians are "those who benefited from the regime and they want to safeguard their gains."Those who have stayed and enjoy the capital's nightlife "are a tiny minority whose lifestyle doesn't represent the lifestyle of the rest of Damascus," al-Malak said [Bassam al-Malak, a Damascus businessman sympathetic to the opposition]. Pro- government Syrians are "those who benefited from the regime and they want to safeguard their gains."
(h/t: @ahmed)(h/t: @ahmed)
8.52pm BST/3.52pm ET: At the end of the Friends of Syria meeting in Paris, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called for tougher UN sanctions on Syria if the Assad government does not allow an expanded force of observers. The nature and scope of the possible sanctions were unspecified.8.52pm BST/3.52pm ET: At the end of the Friends of Syria meeting in Paris, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called for tougher UN sanctions on Syria if the Assad government does not allow an expanded force of observers. The nature and scope of the possible sanctions were unspecified.
8.38pm BST/3.38pm ET: There are reports of widespread nighttime clashes between protesters and security forces in Syria.8.38pm BST/3.38pm ET: There are reports of widespread nighttime clashes between protesters and security forces in Syria.
Government forces are using tear gas to break up demonstrations, according to reports collected by the Local Coordination Committees, which is tracking clashes in Daraa, Idlib, Hama, Homs, Damascus, Aleppo, Hassaka and elsewhere.Government forces are using tear gas to break up demonstrations, according to reports collected by the Local Coordination Committees, which is tracking clashes in Daraa, Idlib, Hama, Homs, Damascus, Aleppo, Hassaka and elsewhere.
There are also reports of security forces firing live ammunition in the far-flung cities of Daraa in the south, Deir Ezzor in the east and Aleppo in the north.There are also reports of security forces firing live ammunition in the far-flung cities of Daraa in the south, Deir Ezzor in the east and Aleppo in the north.
The overall picture is of a night much like the nights that preceded the ostensible ceasefire of last week, with demonstrations being met by violent crackdowns. The LCC puts the number of dead in Syria today at 29.The overall picture is of a night much like the nights that preceded the ostensible ceasefire of last week, with demonstrations being met by violent crackdowns. The LCC puts the number of dead in Syria today at 29.
8.11pm BST/3.11pm ET: Agence France-Presse joins the list of news organizations barred from entering Bahrain to cover the Formula One race. The AFP report says cameramen already in the country have to put fluorescent stickers on their cameras so security forces can see them at a glance and keep track of what they're filming.8.11pm BST/3.11pm ET: Agence France-Presse joins the list of news organizations barred from entering Bahrain to cover the Formula One race. The AFP report says cameramen already in the country have to put fluorescent stickers on their cameras so security forces can see them at a glance and keep track of what they're filming.
An AFP photographer, accredited by the sport's governing body, the FIA (Federation Internationale de l'Automobile), was informed by Bahrain's information affairs authority that there has been a "delay to your visa application, so it might not be processed."
...
Meanwhile, cameramen already in Bahrain were required to keep fluorescent orange stickers on their cameras so that they would be easily recognisable to ensure they do not cover any off-track events, such as ongoing protests.		An AFP photographer, accredited by the sport's governing body, the FIA (Federation Internationale de l'Automobile), was informed by Bahrain's information affairs authority that there has been a "delay to your visa application, so it might not be processed."
...
Meanwhile, cameramen already in Bahrain were required to keep fluorescent orange stickers on their cameras so that they would be easily recognisable to ensure they do not cover any off-track events, such as ongoing protests.
8.03pm BST/3.03pm ET: Now some perspective on the presidential race in Egypt, where three top candidates were disqualified this week and one of them, the Muslim Brotherhood's Khairat al-Shater, said he feared the possibility of a rigged election.8.03pm BST/3.03pm ET: Now some perspective on the presidential race in Egypt, where three top candidates were disqualified this week and one of them, the Muslim Brotherhood's Khairat al-Shater, said he feared the possibility of a rigged election.
The election has become an "insult to the revolution" that overthrew Hosni Mubarak, writes Mona Eltahawy in Comment Is Free:The election has become an "insult to the revolution" that overthrew Hosni Mubarak, writes Mona Eltahawy in Comment Is Free:
The circus otherwise known as the presidential elections in Egypt is making an anarchist of me. There isn't a single candidate I find either qualified or deserving to lead revolutionary Egypt, and I don't believe the elections will be free or fair – how can they be, under a military junta that has run Egypt since 18 days of revolution forced Hosni Mubarak to step down on 11 February 2011?
...		The circus otherwise known as the presidential elections in Egypt is making an anarchist of me. There isn't a single candidate I find either qualified or deserving to lead revolutionary Egypt, and I don't believe the elections will be free or fair – how can they be, under a military junta that has run Egypt since 18 days of revolution forced Hosni Mubarak to step down on 11 February 2011?
...
I look at this "choice" and hear the tortured justifications made in their favour and they sound awfully similar: hollow.I look at this "choice" and hear the tortured justifications made in their favour and they sound awfully similar: hollow.
The whole point of overthrowing Mubarak was that we had ended fear. The revolution continues, not just to end military rule but to provide alternatives to the best of the worst. We still have a way to go.The whole point of overthrowing Mubarak was that we had ended fear. The revolution continues, not just to end military rule but to provide alternatives to the best of the worst. We still have a way to go.
7.40pm BST/2.40pm ET: The Associated Press is out this afternoon with "Syria, by the numbers":7.40pm BST/2.40pm ET: The Associated Press is out this afternoon with "Syria, by the numbers":
• The number of people killed since the March 2011 start of the uprising against President Bashar Assad: 9,000.• The number of people killed since the March 2011 start of the uprising against President Bashar Assad: 9,000.
• The number of Syrians who have fled their homes and taken refuge since the uprising began: 230,000.• The number of Syrians who have fled their homes and taken refuge since the uprising began: 230,000.
• The size of Syria's armed forces: Estimated to be around 250,000 active personnel.• The size of Syria's armed forces: Estimated to be around 250,000 active personnel.
• The number of Syria's rebel forces: Estimates start at around 10,000.• The number of Syria's rebel forces: Estimates start at around 10,000.
• The number of U.N. observers on the ground in Syria: 7.• The number of U.N. observers on the ground in Syria: 7.
• The number of observers that U.N. chief Ban Ki-Moon wants: 300.• The number of observers that U.N. chief Ban Ki-Moon wants: 300.
• Amount of money pledged by Saudi Arabia and other wealthy Arab Gulf states to support Syria's rebels and encourage defections from the army: Millions of dollars.• Amount of money pledged by Saudi Arabia and other wealthy Arab Gulf states to support Syria's rebels and encourage defections from the army: Millions of dollars.
• Amount of money actually transferred: None. Syrian opposition members and international officials say the Gulf states have yet to start distributing money because there is no clear way to make sure the money gets to the right people.• Amount of money actually transferred: None. Syrian opposition members and international officials say the Gulf states have yet to start distributing money because there is no clear way to make sure the money gets to the right people.
(h/t: @ahmed)(h/t: @ahmed)
7.28 BST/2.28pm ET: Formula One organizers and Bahrain officials are not backing down on plans to hold the event this weekend despite today's violent clashes between protesters and security forces, the Guardian's Paul Weaver reports from Manama. Here's a new dispatch from Weaver and Ian Black:7.28 BST/2.28pm ET: Formula One organizers and Bahrain officials are not backing down on plans to hold the event this weekend despite today's violent clashes between protesters and security forces, the Guardian's Paul Weaver reports from Manama. Here's a new dispatch from Weaver and Ian Black:
Bahrain is braced for three days of protests to mark the controversial Formula One Grand Prix as the government and organisers insisted that the event would proceed as planned.Bahrain is braced for three days of protests to mark the controversial Formula One Grand Prix as the government and organisers insisted that the event would proceed as planned.
Sporadic clashes that saw riot police firing tear gas and stun grenades at protesters broke out as the authorities in the Gulf island state sought to project an image of stability before Sunday's big race.Sporadic clashes that saw riot police firing tear gas and stun grenades at protesters broke out as the authorities in the Gulf island state sought to project an image of stability before Sunday's big race.
Violence caught up with F1 when Force India team members were forced to flee as petrol bombs were thrown over their vehicle on their way back from the Grand Prix racing track at Sakhir. The four mechanics were apparently not deliberately targeted but caught up in a clash between protesters and police.Violence caught up with F1 when Force India team members were forced to flee as petrol bombs were thrown over their vehicle on their way back from the Grand Prix racing track at Sakhir. The four mechanics were apparently not deliberately targeted but caught up in a clash between protesters and police.
Demonstrators in Manama, the capital, were also hit by tear-gas. In one march, hundreds of people – some chanting slogans against Formula One – clashed with security forces as they shouted support for a jailed Shia opposition activist, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, who has been on a hunger strike for more than two months and is now said to be close to death.Demonstrators in Manama, the capital, were also hit by tear-gas. In one march, hundreds of people – some chanting slogans against Formula One – clashed with security forces as they shouted support for a jailed Shia opposition activist, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, who has been on a hunger strike for more than two months and is now said to be close to death.
"Manama is under a police lockdown," tweeted activist Ala'a Shehabi."Manama is under a police lockdown," tweeted activist Ala'a Shehabi.
7.12pm BST/2.12pm ET: Not only has the United States come around in principle on establishing secure "buffer zones" inside Syria – the Pentagon has a plan in place for doing so, US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta testified today.7.12pm BST/2.12pm ET: Not only has the United States come around in principle on establishing secure "buffer zones" inside Syria – the Pentagon has a plan in place for doing so, US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta testified today.
The Guardian's Ewen MacAskill reports on the details of the Syrian plan as described by Panetta in House testimony:The Guardian's Ewen MacAskill reports on the details of the Syrian plan as described by Panetta in House testimony:
US defence secretary Leon Panetta disclosed Thursday the Pentagon has plans in place for establishing humanitarian corridors in Syria, an idea publicly aired by French president Nicholas Sarkozy earlier in the day in Paris.US defence secretary Leon Panetta disclosed Thursday the Pentagon has plans in place for establishing humanitarian corridors in Syria, an idea publicly aired by French president Nicholas Sarkozy earlier in the day in Paris.
Panetta, giving evidence to the House armed services committee, said the plan for humanitarian corridors was under review in the Pentagon along with other military options for intervention aimed at helping the Syrian opposition and toppling Syrian president Bashar al-Assad.Panetta, giving evidence to the House armed services committee, said the plan for humanitarian corridors was under review in the Pentagon along with other military options for intervention aimed at helping the Syrian opposition and toppling Syrian president Bashar al-Assad.
The Pentagon remains reluctant to intervene militarily in Syria, saying that the conditions that existed for action in Libya do not yet apply in the country.The Pentagon remains reluctant to intervene militarily in Syria, saying that the conditions that existed for action in Libya do not yet apply in the country.
Panetta, citing the divided nature of opposition groups inside Syria, said: "Outside military intervention could make a volatile situation worse".Panetta, citing the divided nature of opposition groups inside Syria, said: "Outside military intervention could make a volatile situation worse".
But Panetta, giving evidence alongside the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, General Martin Dempsey, said that all military options are under review in the Pentagon, ready to be implemented if Barack Obama gives the order.But Panetta, giving evidence alongside the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, General Martin Dempsey, said that all military options are under review in the Pentagon, ready to be implemented if Barack Obama gives the order.
6.53pm BST/1.53pm ET: Bahrain hopes the return of Formula One will demonstrate a new stability in the island nation. But how will the world see this reformed kingdom if no outside reporters are allowed in? Earlier today the Associated Press reported that its correspondents had been barred entry.6.53pm BST/1.53pm ET: Bahrain hopes the return of Formula One will demonstrate a new stability in the island nation. But how will the world see this reformed kingdom if no outside reporters are allowed in? Earlier today the Associated Press reported that its correspondents had been barred entry.
Now Sky News correspondent Stuart Ramsay has been denied access to report on the Formula One race and attendant protests.Now Sky News correspondent Stuart Ramsay has been denied access to report on the Formula One race and attendant protests.
Sky news denied access to report from f1 in bahrain #BahrainSky news denied access to report from f1 in bahrain #Bahrain
— Stuart Ramsay (@ramsaysky) April 19, 2012— Stuart Ramsay (@ramsaysky) April 19, 2012


Govt refuses to explain why I can't come inGovt refuses to explain why I can't come in
— Stuart Ramsay (@ramsaysky) April 19, 2012— Stuart Ramsay (@ramsaysky) April 19, 2012


#Bahrain govt welcomes f1 but not independent journalists who actually understand the complexity of this issue#Bahrain govt welcomes f1 but not independent journalists who actually understand the complexity of this issue
— Stuart Ramsay (@ramsaysky) April 19, 2012— Stuart Ramsay (@ramsaysky) April 19, 2012
6.42 BST/1.42pm ET: Susan Rice, the US ambassador to the United Nations, has taken to Twitter to lay out the new American position on Syria, after Secretary of State Hillary Clinton met today in Paris with other members of the "Friends of Syria" group.6.42 BST/1.42pm ET: Susan Rice, the US ambassador to the United Nations, has taken to Twitter to lay out the new American position on Syria, after Secretary of State Hillary Clinton met today in Paris with other members of the "Friends of Syria" group.
With six tweets in the last 15 minutes, Ambassador Rice appears to be giving voice to a newly forceful US stance on the Syria crisis. Whether the new stance translates into new US action on the ground, of course, remains to be seen.With six tweets in the last 15 minutes, Ambassador Rice appears to be giving voice to a newly forceful US stance on the Syria crisis. Whether the new stance translates into new US action on the ground, of course, remains to be seen.
Rice accuses the Assad regime of "horrific" violence even after the signing of the ceasefire. She demands that UN monitors be given immediate access to "vulnerable cities like Homs. Today" and says "shelling must end – immediately."Rice accuses the Assad regime of "horrific" violence even after the signing of the ceasefire. She demands that UN monitors be given immediate access to "vulnerable cities like Homs. Today" and says "shelling must end – immediately."
What is the price for Assad for ignoring these demands? Is there one?What is the price for Assad for ignoring these demands? Is there one?
U.S. agrees with #UNSG Ban Ki-moon that the cessation of armed violence in #Syria is incomplete - to say the least.U.S. agrees with #UNSG Ban Ki-moon that the cessation of armed violence in #Syria is incomplete - to say the least.
— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012


Since UNSCR 2042, #Syria has unleashed another wave of horrific violence & restricted the movement of the few monitors on the ground.Since UNSCR 2042, #Syria has unleashed another wave of horrific violence & restricted the movement of the few monitors on the ground.
— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012


#Syria monitors must be able to go to vulnerable cities like Homs. Today.#Syria monitors must be able to go to vulnerable cities like Homs. Today.
— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012


Shelling of Homs and other cities must end - immediately.Shelling of Homs and other cities must end - immediately.
— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012


Government must pull back its troops and heavy weapons from the population centers - immediately.Government must pull back its troops and heavy weapons from the population centers - immediately.
— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012


#Syria's government could easily do all of these things today.#Syria's government could easily do all of these things today.
— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012— Susan Rice (@AmbassadorRice) April 19, 2012
5.00pm: Here's a summary of the main developments today:5.00pm: Here's a summary of the main developments today:
SyriaSyria
• Kofi Annan says Syria and the UN have agreed on ground rules governing the UN mission to monitor the unravelling ceasefire. The details have yet to emerge. UN monitors were filmed being greeted by anti-government protesters when they visited the southern town of Kherbet Ghazala in Dera'a province.• Kofi Annan says Syria and the UN have agreed on ground rules governing the UN mission to monitor the unravelling ceasefire. The details have yet to emerge. UN monitors were filmed being greeted by anti-government protesters when they visited the southern town of Kherbet Ghazala in Dera'a province.
• Foreign ministers are in Paris for the third Friends of Syria meeting. Speaking before the meeting France's president, Nicolas Sarkozy repeated a call for the establishment of humanitarian corridors to help the Syrian opposition. His foreign minister, Alain Juppé, said the number of UN monitors should increase to between 300 and 400. China said it was considering sending observers as part of the mission.• Foreign ministers are in Paris for the third Friends of Syria meeting. Speaking before the meeting France's president, Nicolas Sarkozy repeated a call for the establishment of humanitarian corridors to help the Syrian opposition. His foreign minister, Alain Juppé, said the number of UN monitors should increase to between 300 and 400. China said it was considering sending observers as part of the mission.
• Setting up buffer zones and forming contacts with Free Syrian Army are back on the US agenda as the White House is seeking a plan B for toppling the Assad, according to Foreign Policy magazine.• Setting up buffer zones and forming contacts with Free Syrian Army are back on the US agenda as the White House is seeking a plan B for toppling the Assad, according to Foreign Policy magazine.
• Syrian troops clashed with army defectors in the eastern city of Deir Ezzor, leaving at least one person dead, while government forces bombarded rebel-held neighbourhoods of the central city of Homs. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said shells were falling every five minutes over three opposition districts in Homs at one point this morning.• Syrian troops clashed with army defectors in the eastern city of Deir Ezzor, leaving at least one person dead, while government forces bombarded rebel-held neighbourhoods of the central city of Homs. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said shells were falling every five minutes over three opposition districts in Homs at one point this morning.
• The UN secretary general says Syria has failed to comply with its obligation under a peace plan to pull troops and heavy weapons out of urban areas. In a letter to the security council, Ban Ki-moon called for an observer mission to be expanded to 300 members.• The UN secretary general says Syria has failed to comply with its obligation under a peace plan to pull troops and heavy weapons out of urban areas. In a letter to the security council, Ban Ki-moon called for an observer mission to be expanded to 300 members.
BahrainBahrain
• Opposition activists claim 23 people were wounded with shotgun pellets after police broke up pro-democracy protest last night. The activist group Bahrain Watch reports "a dramatic escalation" in the use of birdshot and live ammunition by police against protesters over the past week.• Opposition activists claim 23 people were wounded with shotgun pellets after police broke up pro-democracy protest last night. The activist group Bahrain Watch reports "a dramatic escalation" in the use of birdshot and live ammunition by police against protesters over the past week.
• Unverified video from activists has challenged a claim by John Yates, the former assistant commission of the Metropolitan police who is advising Bahraini authorities, that police abuse is not taking place in off site locations. If such abuse was taking place it "would be on YouTube", Yates told the Guardian. Shortly afterwards a clip appear purporting to show police beating protesters.• Unverified video from activists has challenged a claim by John Yates, the former assistant commission of the Metropolitan police who is advising Bahraini authorities, that police abuse is not taking place in off site locations. If such abuse was taking place it "would be on YouTube", Yates told the Guardian. Shortly afterwards a clip appear purporting to show police beating protesters.
• Two members of Force India's Formula One team are returning home ahead of the grand prix following an incident involving a petrol bomb on Wednesday.• Two members of Force India's Formula One team are returning home ahead of the grand prix following an incident involving a petrol bomb on Wednesday.
EgyptEgypt
• Presidential candidate Amr Moussa has launched his election campaign with a pledge to root out corruption. He also said he only wanted to serve one four-year term. • Presidential candidate Amr Moussa has launched his election campaign with a pledge to root out corruption. He also said he only wanted to serve one four-year term.
• Khairat al-Shater, the Muslim Brotherhood financier who has been barred from standing as president, told the BBC that progress towards democracy is in danger. Shater said he feared the possibility of a rigged election and signalled that Brotherhood would increase its pressure, both inside and outside parliament, to ensure that the transition to democracy goes ahead.• Khairat al-Shater, the Muslim Brotherhood financier who has been barred from standing as president, told the BBC that progress towards democracy is in danger. Shater said he feared the possibility of a rigged election and signalled that Brotherhood would increase its pressure, both inside and outside parliament, to ensure that the transition to democracy goes ahead.
TunisiaTunisia
• The trial of a Tunisian TV station owner charged with "insulting sacred values" by screening the award-winning Iranian Persepolis has resumed. The trial is being seen as a crucial test of the role of Islam in the new Tunisia. A prosecutor told the trial that his son couldn't sleep for three nights after seeing the film.• The trial of a Tunisian TV station owner charged with "insulting sacred values" by screening the award-winning Iranian Persepolis has resumed. The trial is being seen as a crucial test of the role of Islam in the new Tunisia. A prosecutor told the trial that his son couldn't sleep for three nights after seeing the film.
4.34pm: Bahrain: Today the British foreign office updated its travel advice for Bahrain. Regarding the political situation, it says:4.34pm: Bahrain: Today the British foreign office updated its travel advice for Bahrain. Regarding the political situation, it says:
Demonstrations and protests continue across various parts of Bahrain, some of which are violent. We cannot confirm where or when any such activity or resulting disruption will take place, but you should maintain a high level of security awareness, exercise caution, particularly in public places and on the roads, and avoid large crowds and demonstrations.Demonstrations and protests continue across various parts of Bahrain, some of which are violent. We cannot confirm where or when any such activity or resulting disruption will take place, but you should maintain a high level of security awareness, exercise caution, particularly in public places and on the roads, and avoid large crowds and demonstrations.
The F1 Grand Prix will take place in Bahrain on 20-22 April. Some groups have announced their intention to increase the level of protests, both in the days before as well as during the event itself. You should maintain particular vigilance during this time.The F1 Grand Prix will take place in Bahrain on 20-22 April. Some groups have announced their intention to increase the level of protests, both in the days before as well as during the event itself. You should maintain particular vigilance during this time.
Please also be aware of the following planned demonstrations:Please also be aware of the following planned demonstrations:
19 April at 1600, a demonstration is planned in Manama.
19 April at 1600, demonstrations are planned in Juffair and Ghuraifa.
19 April at 1930, a demonstration is planned in the vicinity of Saar.
19 April at 1945, an unauthorised demonstration is planned in Bani Jamrah.
20 April at 1600, a demonstration is planned in the vicinity of Karranah and Abu Saiba.
22 April, a demonstration is planned near the University of Bahrain/Bahrain International Circuit.		19 April at 1600, a demonstration is planned in Manama.
19 April at 1600, demonstrations are planned in Juffair and Ghuraifa.
19 April at 1930, a demonstration is planned in the vicinity of Saar.
19 April at 1945, an unauthorised demonstration is planned in Bani Jamrah.
20 April at 1600, a demonstration is planned in the vicinity of Karranah and Abu Saiba.
22 April, a demonstration is planned near the University of Bahrain/Bahrain International Circuit.
We also expect other protests and disruption in various areas of Bahrain to continue through the coming days.We also expect other protests and disruption in various areas of Bahrain to continue through the coming days.
Our assessment remains that travel on the main routes on the island during daylight hours is generally orderly and functions at normal levels. Police checkpoints remain but have been reduced around the main highways. You should exercise caution, in particular on any routes you use to get to these main routes, and consider carefully the situation in your local vicinity.Our assessment remains that travel on the main routes on the island during daylight hours is generally orderly and functions at normal levels. Police checkpoints remain but have been reduced around the main highways. You should exercise caution, in particular on any routes you use to get to these main routes, and consider carefully the situation in your local vicinity.
4.04pm: Syria: Setting up buffer zones and forming contacts with Free Syrian Army are back on the US agenda as the White House is seeking a plan B for toppling the Assad, according to Foreign Policy magazine.4.04pm: Syria: Setting up buffer zones and forming contacts with Free Syrian Army are back on the US agenda as the White House is seeking a plan B for toppling the Assad, according to Foreign Policy magazine.
The change in tack coincides with a change of personnel at the national security council and growing frustration at the failure of diplomatic options. It quotes an official saying:The change in tack coincides with a change of personnel at the national security council and growing frustration at the failure of diplomatic options. It quotes an official saying:
There was a fundamental decision made at the highest level that we need a real Syria policy with more options for the president. Our allies were coming back to us and saying 'What's your next move?,' and we were forced to admit we didn't have one.There was a fundamental decision made at the highest level that we need a real Syria policy with more options for the president. Our allies were coming back to us and saying 'What's your next move?,' and we were forced to admit we didn't have one.
The article adds: "There's a growing consensus inside the [Obama] administration that the violence in Syria is not abating and that multinational diplomatic initiatives such as the plan put forth by UN special envoy Kofi Annan are not convincing Assad to enter into a political process to transition to democracy, much less yield power and step down."The article adds: "There's a growing consensus inside the [Obama] administration that the violence in Syria is not abating and that multinational diplomatic initiatives such as the plan put forth by UN special envoy Kofi Annan are not convincing Assad to enter into a political process to transition to democracy, much less yield power and step down."
3.42pm: Tunisia has announced that it is getting a $500m loan from Qatar, to be repaid five years from now. The annual interest rate is 2.5%.3.42pm: Tunisia has announced that it is getting a $500m loan from Qatar, to be repaid five years from now. The annual interest rate is 2.5%.
3.42pm: Bahrain: Security forces fired teargas and stun grenades today at hundreds of anti-government protesters, the Associated Press reports, citing one of its photographers. AP says the marchers chanted slogans against the Formula One grand prix and appealed for the release of Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, the jailed activist who is on hunger strike.3.42pm: Bahrain: Security forces fired teargas and stun grenades today at hundreds of anti-government protesters, the Associated Press reports, citing one of its photographers. AP says the marchers chanted slogans against the Formula One grand prix and appealed for the release of Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, the jailed activist who is on hunger strike.
The opposition al-Wefaq has posted a photo which is said to show gas canisters in Manama today.The opposition al-Wefaq has posted a photo which is said to show gas canisters in Manama today.
الغازات الخانقة تستهدف كل شي في العاصمة المنامة بعد قمع المواطنين فيها #bahrain #alwefaq #14feb twitter.com/ALWEFAQ/status…الغازات الخانقة تستهدف كل شي في العاصمة المنامة بعد قمع المواطنين فيها #bahrain #alwefaq #14feb twitter.com/ALWEFAQ/status…
— Alwefaq Society (@ALWEFAQ) April 19, 2012— Alwefaq Society (@ALWEFAQ) April 19, 2012
Separately, the Associated Press says two of its journalists are being prevented from covering the Bahrain Grand Prix because they have not received visas to enter the kingdom:Separately, the Associated Press says two of its journalists are being prevented from covering the Bahrain Grand Prix because they have not received visas to enter the kingdom:
The two writers, based in Dubai, were expected to cover practice and qualifying along with Sunday's race. They have been granted accreditation to cover the race by the sport's governing body, the Paris-based International Automobile Federation. But they have been told by Bahrain's Information Affairs Authority that their visa applications to enter the kingdom are still "pending".The two writers, based in Dubai, were expected to cover practice and qualifying along with Sunday's race. They have been granted accreditation to cover the race by the sport's governing body, the Paris-based International Automobile Federation. But they have been told by Bahrain's Information Affairs Authority that their visa applications to enter the kingdom are still "pending".
3.06pm: Bahrain: The activist group Bahrain Watch reports "a dramatic escalation" in the use of birdshot and live ammunition by police against protesters over the past week, as well as a marked increase in related injuries.3.06pm: Bahrain: The activist group Bahrain Watch reports "a dramatic escalation" in the use of birdshot and live ammunition by police against protesters over the past week, as well as a marked increase in related injuries.
It says many individuals are reported injured in the back, raising serious questions about whether police are using proportional force and are discharging their firearms only as a last resort, as required by Bahrain's new police code of conduct.It says many individuals are reported injured in the back, raising serious questions about whether police are using proportional force and are discharging their firearms only as a last resort, as required by Bahrain's new police code of conduct.
As we noted earlier reports claim up to 23 people were injured by shotgun pellets on the night of 18 April (see 8.50am). The opposition al-Wefaq party also circulated graphic images purporting to show the pock marked bodies purporting to show victims of shotgun attacks (see 9.08am).As we noted earlier reports claim up to 23 people were injured by shotgun pellets on the night of 18 April (see 8.50am). The opposition al-Wefaq party also circulated graphic images purporting to show the pock marked bodies purporting to show victims of shotgun attacks (see 9.08am).
In a statement Bahrain Watch said: "No medical records exist, as birdshot victims are treated in private homes; presenting at a hospital with a birdshot injury may mean arrest. Through pictures posted by village news networks and activists, Bahrain Watch has seen at least 11 of these injured individuals."In a statement Bahrain Watch said: "No medical records exist, as birdshot victims are treated in private homes; presenting at a hospital with a birdshot injury may mean arrest. Through pictures posted by village news networks and activists, Bahrain Watch has seen at least 11 of these injured individuals."
Regarding the use of birdshot it added:Regarding the use of birdshot it added:
Broadly, ammunition for shotguns is referred to as "shot," and consists of pellets of a certain material inside a cartridge. Larger pellets are referred to as "buckshot," whereas smaller pellets are called "birdshot." Within the category of birdshot, shot is assigned a number to indicate the diameter of the pellets.Broadly, ammunition for shotguns is referred to as "shot," and consists of pellets of a certain material inside a cartridge. Larger pellets are referred to as "buckshot," whereas smaller pellets are called "birdshot." Within the category of birdshot, shot is assigned a number to indicate the diameter of the pellets.
Bahrain Watch has observed two sizes of metallic birdshot in Bahrain: #2 birdshot (pellet diameter of about 3.8mm), and #8 birdshot (pellet diameter of about 2.2mm). Typically, a #2 birdshot cartridge would have on the order of 100 pellets, whereas a #8 birdshot cartridge would have on the order of 500 pellets, assuming pellets are made of lead or a similar metal. Bahrain's Ministry of Interior denies that it uses #2 birdshot.Bahrain Watch has observed two sizes of metallic birdshot in Bahrain: #2 birdshot (pellet diameter of about 3.8mm), and #8 birdshot (pellet diameter of about 2.2mm). Typically, a #2 birdshot cartridge would have on the order of 100 pellets, whereas a #8 birdshot cartridge would have on the order of 500 pellets, assuming pellets are made of lead or a similar metal. Bahrain's Ministry of Interior denies that it uses #2 birdshot.
Birdshot is typically used for hunting animals, or for clay shooting, where competitors shoot to break flying stone discs. Metallic birdshot is almost never used for riot control. When shotguns are employed for riot control in other countries, officers typically shoot "less-lethal" ammunition such as "beanbag rounds."Birdshot is typically used for hunting animals, or for clay shooting, where competitors shoot to break flying stone discs. Metallic birdshot is almost never used for riot control. When shotguns are employed for riot control in other countries, officers typically shoot "less-lethal" ammunition such as "beanbag rounds."
In contrast, Bahrain's police primarily use cartridges specifically designed and marketed for hunting or clay shooting. Eleven civilians were killed with birdshot in Bahrain during 2011 according to the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry and Human Rights Watch, and scores have been injured throughout 2011 and 2012.In contrast, Bahrain's police primarily use cartridges specifically designed and marketed for hunting or clay shooting. Eleven civilians were killed with birdshot in Bahrain during 2011 according to the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry and Human Rights Watch, and scores have been injured throughout 2011 and 2012.
2.54pm: Syria: During that visit to Kherbet Ghazala, Ahmet Himmiche, the Moroccan colonel leading the observer mission in Syria, insisted he was there to monitor a ceasefire not document human rights abuses.2.54pm: Syria: During that visit to Kherbet Ghazala, Ahmet Himmiche, the Moroccan colonel leading the observer mission in Syria, insisted he was there to monitor a ceasefire not document human rights abuses.
During an exchange with residents Himmiche said:During an exchange with residents Himmiche said:
I'm not specialist in medicine or human rights. I'm a military man. I have to observe what is happening on the ground. I will write everything that I see in my report.I'm not specialist in medicine or human rights. I'm a military man. I have to observe what is happening on the ground. I will write everything that I see in my report.
According to a translation of a video of the visit by our colleague Mona Mahmood a man in clip said: "This house was destroyed by Assad's thugs a week ago."According to a translation of a video of the visit by our colleague Mona Mahmood a man in clip said: "This house was destroyed by Assad's thugs a week ago."
A woman showed Himmiche the identity papers of a man she claimed had been arrested three times.A woman showed Himmiche the identity papers of a man she claimed had been arrested three times.
2.37pm: Syria: Ominously the UN monitoring mission will be conducted "within the framework of Syrian sovereignty" according to an agreed statement on the ground rules for the mission.2.37pm: Syria: Ominously the UN monitoring mission will be conducted "within the framework of Syrian sovereignty" according to an agreed statement on the ground rules for the mission.
"This agreement outlines the functions of the observers as they fulfil their mandate in Syria and the tasks and responsibilities of the Syrian government," Ahmad Fawzi, Kofi Annan's spokesman, said in a statement, Reuters reports."This agreement outlines the functions of the observers as they fulfil their mandate in Syria and the tasks and responsibilities of the Syrian government," Ahmad Fawzi, Kofi Annan's spokesman, said in a statement, Reuters reports.
Update: In response to zolotoy's comment below the line. The phrase "within the framework of Syrian sovereignty" was also used during Arab League's monitoring mission. It is ominous because it suggests that the monitors will not be given free access as was hoped.Update: In response to zolotoy's comment below the line. The phrase "within the framework of Syrian sovereignty" was also used during Arab League's monitoring mission. It is ominous because it suggests that the monitors will not be given free access as was hoped.
2.29pm: Syria: The UN secretary general has proposed a 300-strong monitoring mission backed by helicopters and to be named Unmis (UN supervision mission in Syria), according to Foreign Policy magazine.2.29pm: Syria: The UN secretary general has proposed a 300-strong monitoring mission backed by helicopters and to be named Unmis (UN supervision mission in Syria), according to Foreign Policy magazine.
Quoting from Ban Ki-moon's report it says the mission: "would be a nimble presence that would constantly and rapidly observe, establish and assess the facts and conditions on the ground in an objective manner, and engage all relevant parties.Quoting from Ban Ki-moon's report it says the mission: "would be a nimble presence that would constantly and rapidly observe, establish and assess the facts and conditions on the ground in an objective manner, and engage all relevant parties.
On yesterday's incident in the Damascus suburb of Arbeen, Ban's report said:On yesterday's incident in the Damascus suburb of Arbeen, Ban's report said:
The situation in Arbeen became tense when a crowd that was part of an opposition demonstration forced United Nations vehicles to a checkpoint. Subsequently, the crowd was dispersed by firing projectiles. Those responsible for the firing could not be ascertained by the United Nations military observers. No injuries were observed by the United Nations advance team. One United Nations vehicle was damaged slightly during the incident.The situation in Arbeen became tense when a crowd that was part of an opposition demonstration forced United Nations vehicles to a checkpoint. Subsequently, the crowd was dispersed by firing projectiles. Those responsible for the firing could not be ascertained by the United Nations military observers. No injuries were observed by the United Nations advance team. One United Nations vehicle was damaged slightly during the incident.
2.17pm: Syria: Ahmet Himmiche, the Moroccan colonel in charge of the UN monitoring mission in Syria, has been filmed appealing for calm after being mobbed during a visit to a damaged home in Kherbet Ghazala, in southern Syria.2.17pm: Syria: Ahmet Himmiche, the Moroccan colonel in charge of the UN monitoring mission in Syria, has been filmed appealing for calm after being mobbed during a visit to a damaged home in Kherbet Ghazala, in southern Syria.
Himmiche explains the monitoring procedure and says what he sees will be recorded in the mission's report.Himmiche explains the monitoring procedure and says what he sees will be recorded in the mission's report.
2.00pm: Syria: The activist group the Local Co-ordination Committees in Syria claims nine people have been killed so far today. According to its count three people were killed in both Homs and the Yabroud a town near Damascus. Another two were killed Idlib and one died in Deir Ezzor where there were reports earlier of clashes between the army and military defectors.2.00pm: Syria: The activist group the Local Co-ordination Committees in Syria claims nine people have been killed so far today. According to its count three people were killed in both Homs and the Yabroud a town near Damascus. Another two were killed Idlib and one died in Deir Ezzor where there were reports earlier of clashes between the army and military defectors.
New video footage from Deir Ezzor purports to show troops moving through the town who fired at the activist filming the scene.New video footage from Deir Ezzor purports to show troops moving through the town who fired at the activist filming the scene.
1.52pm: Syria: How can a few dozen unarmed soldiers – or even 250 – monitor a ceasefire in a country of more than 22m? That's the question former US envoy to Bosnia Daniel Serwer attempts to answer in an article for Comment is free.1.52pm: Syria: How can a few dozen unarmed soldiers – or even 250 – monitor a ceasefire in a country of more than 22m? That's the question former US envoy to Bosnia Daniel Serwer attempts to answer in an article for Comment is free.
Serwer, now professor of conflict management at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in the US, says the observers "will need to take a proactive stance, reaching out to the Syrian opposition, insisting on going where they want when they want, and reporting amply on what they find".Serwer, now professor of conflict management at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in the US, says the observers "will need to take a proactive stance, reaching out to the Syrian opposition, insisting on going where they want when they want, and reporting amply on what they find".
But he adds that liaison with the opposition, while desirable, is also problematic.But he adds that liaison with the opposition, while desirable, is also problematic.
Anyone the UN observers contact may be tracked and monitored by the Syrian security forces. Arbitrary detention, torture and extrajudicial killings are common in Assad's Syria. Some courageous individuals will speak up no matter what. Others, who are prepared to talk with the observers, will need to move quickly to protect themselves thereafter, changing residences, cell phones and even identities. This will make it difficult for the observers to maintain continuity.Anyone the UN observers contact may be tracked and monitored by the Syrian security forces. Arbitrary detention, torture and extrajudicial killings are common in Assad's Syria. Some courageous individuals will speak up no matter what. Others, who are prepared to talk with the observers, will need to move quickly to protect themselves thereafter, changing residences, cell phones and even identities. This will make it difficult for the observers to maintain continuity.
Despite these very real problems, the presence and persistence of the observers can deter violence and encourage non-violent protest. The opposition will become less bold in provoking the security forces, fearing provocations will be visible internationally.Despite these very real problems, the presence and persistence of the observers can deter violence and encourage non-violent protest. The opposition will become less bold in provoking the security forces, fearing provocations will be visible internationally.
Peaceful demonstrations, which are already common, will become larger and more frequent. The security forces will gradually realise that the observers cannot be intimidated and that they will return to check and re-check what is going on, reporting their findings in ways that will embarrass anyone who is continuing the violence. The commanders may begin to behave with less abandon.Peaceful demonstrations, which are already common, will become larger and more frequent. The security forces will gradually realise that the observers cannot be intimidated and that they will return to check and re-check what is going on, reporting their findings in ways that will embarrass anyone who is continuing the violence. The commanders may begin to behave with less abandon.
1.46pm: Syria: Britain's department for international development (DfID) has announced another £4m in aid for Syrian refugees, half for UNHCR and half for other humanitarian organisations. This brings total DfID money for Syria's humanitarian crisis to £8.5m.1.46pm: Syria: Britain's department for international development (DfID) has announced another £4m in aid for Syrian refugees, half for UNHCR and half for other humanitarian organisations. This brings total DfID money for Syria's humanitarian crisis to £8.5m.
The announcement comes ahead of tomorrow's meeting in Geneva of a humanitarian forum on Syria hosted by the UN relief agency (OCHA), the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the European Commission's humanitarian arm (ECHO). Refugees have fled Syria to neighbouring Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon.The announcement comes ahead of tomorrow's meeting in Geneva of a humanitarian forum on Syria hosted by the UN relief agency (OCHA), the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the European Commission's humanitarian arm (ECHO). Refugees have fled Syria to neighbouring Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon.
The aid will include shelter items such as cutlery and blankets along with food and water.The aid will include shelter items such as cutlery and blankets along with food and water.
Announcing the aid Andrew Mitchell, the international development secretary, said:Announcing the aid Andrew Mitchell, the international development secretary, said:
This new British support will ensure that thousands of people receive potentially life-saving help, whether injured as a direct result of the regime's violence against its own people or trapped by the fighting and denied the medicines they need. And following a increased number of refugees seeking assistance in the last two weeks in the face of escalating violence, it will also help to meet the basic needs of hundreds of frightened families who have fled home with nothing.This new British support will ensure that thousands of people receive potentially life-saving help, whether injured as a direct result of the regime's violence against its own people or trapped by the fighting and denied the medicines they need. And following a increased number of refugees seeking assistance in the last two weeks in the face of escalating violence, it will also help to meet the basic needs of hundreds of frightened families who have fled home with nothing.
1.40pm: Bahrain: Two members of Force India's Formula One team have decided to leave Bahrain, the Associated Press reports. This follows an incident yesterday involving a petrol bomb as one of the team's vehicles was returning to the hotel from the the grand prix circuit.1.40pm: Bahrain: Two members of Force India's Formula One team have decided to leave Bahrain, the Associated Press reports. This follows an incident yesterday involving a petrol bomb as one of the team's vehicles was returning to the hotel from the the grand prix circuit.
No members of the team were hurt and their vehicle was not directly targeted but Force India's spokesman, Will Hings, told AP today that one of them is leaving the country and heading back to Europe. Hings said another member of the team who was not in the vehicle is also leaving.No members of the team were hurt and their vehicle was not directly targeted but Force India's spokesman, Will Hings, told AP today that one of them is leaving the country and heading back to Europe. Hings said another member of the team who was not in the vehicle is also leaving.
"I won't be giving any details of their positions or names ... they were just people working for the team," Hings said. "I can't give you any more information other than that they're returning home out of their free choice.""I won't be giving any details of their positions or names ... they were just people working for the team," Hings said. "I can't give you any more information other than that they're returning home out of their free choice."
1.29pm: Syria: More about the latest developments in Qusair, from the pro-democracy website, al-Ayyam. (The Guardian is unable to verify this information.)1.29pm: Syria: More about the latest developments in Qusair, from the pro-democracy website, al-Ayyam. (The Guardian is unable to verify this information.)
The Syrian Arab Army started an invasion of the city of Qusair yesterday morning despite the UN-brokered ceasefire. The army moved some fifty vehicles into the city under the cover of heavy shelling.The Syrian Arab Army started an invasion of the city of Qusair yesterday morning despite the UN-brokered ceasefire. The army moved some fifty vehicles into the city under the cover of heavy shelling.
Qusair, in the Homs governorate, has witnessed intermittent shelling and heavy deployment of military checkpoints over the past month but the invasion started yesterday morning. The Syrian Army intensified shelling from three directions; Sharshar Bridge, Dabaa Military Airport, and the Sayegh neighborhood.Qusair, in the Homs governorate, has witnessed intermittent shelling and heavy deployment of military checkpoints over the past month but the invasion started yesterday morning. The Syrian Army intensified shelling from three directions; Sharshar Bridge, Dabaa Military Airport, and the Sayegh neighborhood.
The army shelled the neighborhood of Qusair's central administration building before moving into the city. After the shelling, the army set up an operations base in the administration building and inside a nearby school. It then started launching its attacks from the new camp.The army shelled the neighborhood of Qusair's central administration building before moving into the city. After the shelling, the army set up an operations base in the administration building and inside a nearby school. It then started launching its attacks from the new camp.
"They only control half of the city," Rami Yousef an activist told Al-Ayyam. "Whenever they want to take a new neighborhood, they shell it brutally before bringing their tanks.""They only control half of the city," Rami Yousef an activist told Al-Ayyam. "Whenever they want to take a new neighborhood, they shell it brutally before bringing their tanks."
Due to the lack of bomb shelters in the city the residents had to make their own. Digging large holes in the ground and fortifying roofs with reinforced concrete, they hope this will offer them some safety from the Syrian Army's onslaught of the city.Due to the lack of bomb shelters in the city the residents had to make their own. Digging large holes in the ground and fortifying roofs with reinforced concrete, they hope this will offer them some safety from the Syrian Army's onslaught of the city.
1.21pm: Bahrain: The international Business & Human Rights Resource Centre has published the responses on human rights issues (or non-responses in most cases) from companies and organisations involved in this weekend's grand prix.1.21pm: Bahrain: The international Business & Human Rights Resource Centre has published the responses on human rights issues (or non-responses in most cases) from companies and organisations involved in this weekend's grand prix.
It says: "Forty-two companies failed to respond, and of the 17 responses received, nearly all completely failed to comment on the grave human rights concerns that they were asked to address."It says: "Forty-two companies failed to respond, and of the 17 responses received, nearly all completely failed to comment on the grave human rights concerns that they were asked to address."
1.03pm: Syria: Almost a quarter of a million civilians have fled their homes since the start of the uprising, the Associated Press reports:1.03pm: Syria: Almost a quarter of a million civilians have fled their homes since the start of the uprising, the Associated Press reports:
A UN-backed survey has found that the number of civilians uprooted inside Syria has jumped by some 230,000 since the start of the uprising last year.A UN-backed survey has found that the number of civilians uprooted inside Syria has jumped by some 230,000 since the start of the uprising last year.
A report by the Norwegian Refugees Council and the Geneva-based Internal Displacement Monitoring Center says over 600,000 people are now internally displaced inside Syria, including some 400,000 from the country's 1967 war with Israel.A report by the Norwegian Refugees Council and the Geneva-based Internal Displacement Monitoring Center says over 600,000 people are now internally displaced inside Syria, including some 400,000 from the country's 1967 war with Israel.
Tens of thousands more have fled to neighboring countries, making them officially refugees. The increase makes Syria the country with the eighth highest number of internally displaced people in the world.Tens of thousands more have fled to neighboring countries, making them officially refugees. The increase makes Syria the country with the eighth highest number of internally displaced people in the world.
12.59pm: Bahrain: The interior ministry would like you to know that it has a plan for dealing with traffic jams during the grand prix, and asks everyone to cooperate. (Deliberately causing traffic jams is a tactic previously adopted by protesters.)12.59pm: Bahrain: The interior ministry would like you to know that it has a plan for dealing with traffic jams during the grand prix, and asks everyone to cooperate. (Deliberately causing traffic jams is a tactic previously adopted by protesters.)
Director of Police Media: General Dir of Traffic prepared a comprehensive plan for the F1 to deal with jams, all are called to cooperateDirector of Police Media: General Dir of Traffic prepared a comprehensive plan for the F1 to deal with jams, all are called to cooperate
— Ministry of Interior (@moi_bahrain) April 19, 2012— Ministry of Interior (@moi_bahrain) April 19, 2012
12.52pm: Tunisia: In the "Persepolis" trial, Karoui's lawyer has been addressing the court:12.52pm: Tunisia: In the "Persepolis" trial, Karoui's lawyer has been addressing the court:
Faouzi Ben Mrad,legal representative of #NabilKaroui :"General prosecutor did not respect legal procedures when filing suit against Karoui"Faouzi Ben Mrad,legal representative of #NabilKaroui :"General prosecutor did not respect legal procedures when filing suit against Karoui"
— Tunisia Live (@Tunisia_Live) April 19, 2012— Tunisia Live (@Tunisia_Live) April 19, 2012
Faouzi Ben Mrad condemns the use of #Tunisian #PenalCode in an opinion case #NessmaTV #NabilKarouiFaouzi Ben Mrad condemns the use of #Tunisian #PenalCode in an opinion case #NessmaTV #NabilKaroui
— Tunisia Live (@Tunisia_Live) April 19, 2012— Tunisia Live (@Tunisia_Live) April 19, 2012
Fazoui Ben Mrad: "This is a conflict between #Shiia & #Sunni as a depiction of God is allowed according to Shiia" #NabilKaroui #NessmaTVFazoui Ben Mrad: "This is a conflict between #Shiia & #Sunni as a depiction of God is allowed according to Shiia" #NabilKaroui #NessmaTV
— Tunisia Live (@Tunisia_Live) April 19, 2012— Tunisia Live (@Tunisia_Live) April 19, 2012
12.39pm: Here's a summary of the main events so far today:12.39pm: Here's a summary of the main events so far today:
SyriaSyria
• Kofi Annan says Syria and the UN have agreed on ground rules governing the UN mission to monitor the unravelling ceasfire. The details have yet to emerge. UN monitors were filmed being greeted by anti-government protesters when they visited the southern town of Kherbet Ghazala in Dera'a province. The visit comes a day after gunfire disperse protesters during UN monitoring visit the Damascus suburb of Arbeen.• Kofi Annan says Syria and the UN have agreed on ground rules governing the UN mission to monitor the unravelling ceasfire. The details have yet to emerge. UN monitors were filmed being greeted by anti-government protesters when they visited the southern town of Kherbet Ghazala in Dera'a province. The visit comes a day after gunfire disperse protesters during UN monitoring visit the Damascus suburb of Arbeen.
• Foreign ministers are meeting in Paris for the third Friends of Syria meeting. Speaking before the meeting France's president, Nicolas Sarkozy repeated a call for the establishment of humanitarian corridors to help the Syrian opposition. His foreign minister, Alain Juppé, said the number of UN monitors should increase to between 300 and 400. China said it was considering sending observers as part of the mission.• Foreign ministers are meeting in Paris for the third Friends of Syria meeting. Speaking before the meeting France's president, Nicolas Sarkozy repeated a call for the establishment of humanitarian corridors to help the Syrian opposition. His foreign minister, Alain Juppé, said the number of UN monitors should increase to between 300 and 400. China said it was considering sending observers as part of the mission.
• Syrian troops clashed with army defectors in an eastern city of Deir Ezzor, leaving at least one person dead, while government forces bombarded rebel-held neighbourhoods of the central city of Homs. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said shells were falling every five minutes over three opposition districts in Homs at one point this morning.• Syrian troops clashed with army defectors in an eastern city of Deir Ezzor, leaving at least one person dead, while government forces bombarded rebel-held neighbourhoods of the central city of Homs. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said shells were falling every five minutes over three opposition districts in Homs at one point this morning.
• The UN secretary general says Syria has failed to comply with its obligation under a peace plan to pull troops and heavy weapons out of urban areas. In a letter to the security council, Ban Ki-moon called for an observer mission to be expanded to 300 members.• The UN secretary general says Syria has failed to comply with its obligation under a peace plan to pull troops and heavy weapons out of urban areas. In a letter to the security council, Ban Ki-moon called for an observer mission to be expanded to 300 members.
BahrainBahrain
• Opposition activists claim 23 people were wounded with shotgun pellets after police broke up pro-democracy protest last night. The ministry of the interior accused protesters of rioting and vandalism and have banned an opposition rally planned for today.• Opposition activists claim 23 people were wounded with shotgun pellets after police broke up pro-democracy protest last night. The ministry of the interior accused protesters of rioting and vandalism and have banned an opposition rally planned for today.
• Unverified video from activists has challenged a claim by John Yates, the former assistant commission of the Metropolitan police who is advising Bahraini authorities, that police abuse is not taking place in off site locations. If such abuse was taking place it "would be on YouTube", Yates told the Guardian. Shortly afterwards a clip appear purporting to show police beating protesters.• Unverified video from activists has challenged a claim by John Yates, the former assistant commission of the Metropolitan police who is advising Bahraini authorities, that police abuse is not taking place in off site locations. If such abuse was taking place it "would be on YouTube", Yates told the Guardian. Shortly afterwards a clip appear purporting to show police beating protesters.
• A member of a team competing in this Sunday's grand prix has returned home after a petrol bomb was thrown at a hire car used by mechanics. Race officials played down the incident involving the Force India team. No one was hurt.• A member of a team competing in this Sunday's grand prix has returned home after a petrol bomb was thrown at a hire car used by mechanics. Race officials played down the incident involving the Force India team. No one was hurt.
EgyptEgypt
• Presidential candidate Amr Moussa has launched his election campaign with a pledge to root out corruption. He also said he only wanted to serve one four-year term.• Presidential candidate Amr Moussa has launched his election campaign with a pledge to root out corruption. He also said he only wanted to serve one four-year term.
• Khairat al-Shater, the Muslim Brotherhood financier who has been barred from standing as president, told the BBC that progress towards democracy is in danger. Shater said he feared the possibility of a rigged election and signalled that Brotherhood would increase its pressure, both inside and outside parliament, to ensure that the transition to democracy goes ahead.• Khairat al-Shater, the Muslim Brotherhood financier who has been barred from standing as president, told the BBC that progress towards democracy is in danger. Shater said he feared the possibility of a rigged election and signalled that Brotherhood would increase its pressure, both inside and outside parliament, to ensure that the transition to democracy goes ahead.
TunisiaTunisia
• The trial of a Tunisian TV station owner charged with "insulting sacred values" by screening the award-winning Iranian Persepolis has resumed. The trial is being seen as a crucial test of the role of Islam in the new Tunisia. A prosecutor told the trial that his son couldn't sleep for three nights after seeing the film.• The trial of a Tunisian TV station owner charged with "insulting sacred values" by screening the award-winning Iranian Persepolis has resumed. The trial is being seen as a crucial test of the role of Islam in the new Tunisia. A prosecutor told the trial that his son couldn't sleep for three nights after seeing the film.
12.27pm: Syria: Flash from the Associated Press: Kofi Annan says Syria and the UN agree on rules governing UN truce monitors.12.27pm: Syria: Flash from the Associated Press: Kofi Annan says Syria and the UN agree on rules governing UN truce monitors.
12.23pm: Tunisia: The trial of Nabil Karoui, owner of Nessma TV which offended religious elements by broadcasting the film Persepolis is now under way and Tunisia Live is tweeting from the courtroom.12.23pm: Tunisia: The trial of Nabil Karoui, owner of Nessma TV which offended religious elements by broadcasting the film Persepolis is now under way and Tunisia Live is tweeting from the courtroom.
So far, it says the lawyer who filed the complaint against Karoui has quoted the Quran, and a prosecutor has claimed: "My 11-year-old son was traumatised by the shocking scenes of Persepolis – couldn't sleep for three nights."So far, it says the lawyer who filed the complaint against Karoui has quoted the Quran, and a prosecutor has claimed: "My 11-year-old son was traumatised by the shocking scenes of Persepolis – couldn't sleep for three nights."
A prosecutor is also quoted as saying: "We want to sue the ones who funded the dubbing of Persepolis" [it was dubbed into the Tunisian dialect] and "We are committed to responsible freedom of expression which respects that which is sacred".A prosecutor is also quoted as saying: "We want to sue the ones who funded the dubbing of Persepolis" [it was dubbed into the Tunisian dialect] and "We are committed to responsible freedom of expression which respects that which is sacred".
12.12pm: Syria: Fighting is reported today in eastern Syrian near the border with Iraq and in Qusair near the Lebanese border, as well as in Homs, the Associated Press says, citing activist sources:12.12pm: Syria: Fighting is reported today in eastern Syrian near the border with Iraq and in Qusair near the Lebanese border, as well as in Homs, the Associated Press says, citing activist sources:
The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said clashes broke out Thursday in Deir Ezzour, near the border with Iraq, killing one civilian and wounding three others.The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said clashes broke out Thursday in Deir Ezzour, near the border with Iraq, killing one civilian and wounding three others.
Syrian troops also began shelling the rebel-held neighborhoods of Qarabees and Jouret el-Shayah in Homs which has emerged as a center of the rebellion about 6:30am and intense shooting and explosions could be heard for hours, according to the Observatory.Syrian troops also began shelling the rebel-held neighborhoods of Qarabees and Jouret el-Shayah in Homs which has emerged as a center of the rebellion about 6:30am and intense shooting and explosions could be heard for hours, according to the Observatory.
"We are being subjected to intense shelling with mortars," Abu Joud, an activist in the city, said via Skype. The activist urged international observers, who began their mission in Syria this week, to visit Homs."We are being subjected to intense shelling with mortars," Abu Joud, an activist in the city, said via Skype. The activist urged international observers, who began their mission in Syria this week, to visit Homs.
"Until now they haven't come here although Homs is the hardest hit city in Syria," Abu Joud said."Until now they haven't come here although Homs is the hardest hit city in Syria," Abu Joud said.
Amateur videos posted online showed smoke billowing from a residential area in Homs as the sound of shelling could be heard. "This is the destroyed Homs. Homes are on fire and people fled. May God help us. Look Kofi Annan," an activist could be heard saying.Amateur videos posted online showed smoke billowing from a residential area in Homs as the sound of shelling could be heard. "This is the destroyed Homs. Homes are on fire and people fled. May God help us. Look Kofi Annan," an activist could be heard saying.
Activists also said Syrian troops were shelling areas in the nearby town of Qusair, near the border with Lebanon. The Observatory and the Local Co-ordination Committees, another activist group, said the regime was sending reinforcements to the town. Rebels have had control of some areas of the town for months.Activists also said Syrian troops were shelling areas in the nearby town of Qusair, near the border with Lebanon. The Observatory and the Local Co-ordination Committees, another activist group, said the regime was sending reinforcements to the town. Rebels have had control of some areas of the town for months.
"A shell is falling every five minutes on Qusair," said Rami Abdul-Rahman who heads the Observatory."A shell is falling every five minutes on Qusair," said Rami Abdul-Rahman who heads the Observatory.
Assad's regime has strictly limited reporting in the country so the reports could not be independently confirmed.Assad's regime has strictly limited reporting in the country so the reports could not be independently confirmed.
11.54am: Bahrain: The government has missed two recent opportunities for an exit from the political crisis, according to Elizabeth Dickinson in an article for World Affairs. One was an opportunity for political dialogue, and the other an opportunity for reform following last year's BICI report.11.54am: Bahrain: The government has missed two recent opportunities for an exit from the political crisis, according to Elizabeth Dickinson in an article for World Affairs. One was an opportunity for political dialogue, and the other an opportunity for reform following last year's BICI report.
"Both those opportunities, however, came to naught, and the result may deal a deathblow, ironically, to the most moderate supporters of Bahrain's uprising," Dickinson says."Both those opportunities, however, came to naught, and the result may deal a deathblow, ironically, to the most moderate supporters of Bahrain's uprising," Dickinson says.
Opposition groups led by al-Wefaq continue to walk a fine line, organising pro-democracy protests but keeping open a door for dialogue with the ruling Sunni monarchy ...Opposition groups led by al-Wefaq continue to walk a fine line, organising pro-democracy protests but keeping open a door for dialogue with the ruling Sunni monarchy ...
Many youth on the street, however, have long ago lost faith in that option. Under the umbrella of an online group of activists calling themselves the February 14 Coalition, they are talking about other options. For months now, protests have chanted "Yasqut, Hamad" – down with the King.Many youth on the street, however, have long ago lost faith in that option. Under the umbrella of an online group of activists calling themselves the February 14 Coalition, they are talking about other options. For months now, protests have chanted "Yasqut, Hamad" – down with the King.
Now, Molotov cocktails are becoming increasingly popular. Some more extreme online groups allying with the February 14 Coalition have called for more direct attacks on security forces too ...Now, Molotov cocktails are becoming increasingly popular. Some more extreme online groups allying with the February 14 Coalition have called for more direct attacks on security forces too ...
What this signals for the direction of Bahrain's crisis seems clear: a further slide into escalation ...What this signals for the direction of Bahrain's crisis seems clear: a further slide into escalation ...
Salman of al-Wefaq told me on April 5 that his group's position has not changed. "To speak clearly, we are with a credible dialogue, a political solution … There is no precondition for [that] dialogue."Salman of al-Wefaq told me on April 5 that his group's position has not changed. "To speak clearly, we are with a credible dialogue, a political solution … There is no precondition for [that] dialogue."
The question, increasingly, is to whom they will be speaking.The question, increasingly, is to whom they will be speaking.
11.39am: Syria: France says the UN observer mission to Syria should be beefed up to 300 or 400 monitors, according to Reuters.11.39am: Syria: France says the UN observer mission to Syria should be beefed up to 300 or 400 monitors, according to Reuters.
Speaking before the Friends of Syria meeting in Paris, the French foreign minster, Alain Juppé, also said: "If it is not possible (to implement the Annan plan) then we will look at what new measures need to be taken."Speaking before the Friends of Syria meeting in Paris, the French foreign minster, Alain Juppé, also said: "If it is not possible (to implement the Annan plan) then we will look at what new measures need to be taken."
Yesterday Syrian foreign minister foreign minister Walid al-Moualem said the agreed level of 250 observers was a "reasonable and logical".Yesterday Syrian foreign minister foreign minister Walid al-Moualem said the agreed level of 250 observers was a "reasonable and logical".
11.23am: Bahrain: The ministry for human rights and social development has denounced a press release issued by Human Rights Watch last week, describing it as "preconceived, deliberate and premeditated to show the situation in Bahrain contrary to reality".11.23am: Bahrain: The ministry for human rights and social development has denounced a press release issued by Human Rights Watch last week, describing it as "preconceived, deliberate and premeditated to show the situation in Bahrain contrary to reality".
Human Rights Watch had criticised Formula One's decision to go ahead with the grand prix in Bahrain, saying that the event was "being used by the Bahraini authorities to support their claim that the political and human rights crisis in the country is over".Human Rights Watch had criticised Formula One's decision to go ahead with the grand prix in Bahrain, saying that the event was "being used by the Bahraini authorities to support their claim that the political and human rights crisis in the country is over".
11.19am: Syria: A visit by UN observers, complete with blue helmets and flak jackets, has become the focus for another anti-government demonstration according to video from activists.11.19am: Syria: A visit by UN observers, complete with blue helmets and flak jackets, has become the focus for another anti-government demonstration according to video from activists.
The latest clip purports to show monitors in southern town of Kherbet Ghazala today. They visited nearby Dera'a on Tuesday.The latest clip purports to show monitors in southern town of Kherbet Ghazala today. They visited nearby Dera'a on Tuesday.
11.06am: Tunisia: The trial of a Tunisian TV station owner charged with "insulting sacred values" by screening the award-winning film Persepolis is expected to resume today.11.06am: Tunisia: The trial of a Tunisian TV station owner charged with "insulting sacred values" by screening the award-winning film Persepolis is expected to resume today.
The trial of Nabil Karoui, owner of Nessma TV, has been repeatedly postponed, but is scheduled to restart today, according to Amnesty International.The trial of Nabil Karoui, owner of Nessma TV, has been repeatedly postponed, but is scheduled to restart today, according to Amnesty International.
Karoui faces a possible three-year jail sentence on charges of spreading information "that can harm public order or good morals" after his TV channel broadcast the film, Persepolis, last October.Karoui faces a possible three-year jail sentence on charges of spreading information "that can harm public order or good morals" after his TV channel broadcast the film, Persepolis, last October.
Islamists protested outside the station following the broadcast because they regarded the film as blasphemous.Islamists protested outside the station following the broadcast because they regarded the film as blasphemous.
The trial is being seen as a crucial test of the role of Islam in the new Tunisia.The trial is being seen as a crucial test of the role of Islam in the new Tunisia.
11.02am: Syria: China says it is considering sending observers to monitor a Syrian ceasefire, Now Lebanon reports.11.02am: Syria: China says it is considering sending observers to monitor a Syrian ceasefire, Now Lebanon reports.
"China is earnestly looking into whether to send observers to Syria or not," a foreign ministry spokesperson, Liu Weimin, told reporters at a regular briefing."China is earnestly looking into whether to send observers to Syria or not," a foreign ministry spokesperson, Liu Weimin, told reporters at a regular briefing.
Yesterday Syrian foreign minister Walid al-Moualem told a news conference in Beijing that the monitors should come from what he called "neutral" countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, all of which have been more sympathetic to Assad's regime than the west and the Arab League states.Yesterday Syrian foreign minister Walid al-Moualem told a news conference in Beijing that the monitors should come from what he called "neutral" countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, all of which have been more sympathetic to Assad's regime than the west and the Arab League states.
10.51am: Bahrain: A petrol bomb was thrown at the hire car of mechanics from Force India, one of the F1 teams competing in the grand prix, Autosport reports.10.51am: Bahrain: A petrol bomb was thrown at the hire car of mechanics from Force India, one of the F1 teams competing in the grand prix, Autosport reports.
No one was hurt in yesterday's incident but one of the members of the team has returned home, it said.No one was hurt in yesterday's incident but one of the members of the team has returned home, it said.
Bahrain International Circuit chairman Zayed R Alzayani played down the incident. "The protesters were not targeting the cars, they just happened to be there. Nobody was injured," he said.Bahrain International Circuit chairman Zayed R Alzayani played down the incident. "The protesters were not targeting the cars, they just happened to be there. Nobody was injured," he said.
10.21am: Bahrain: So much for freedom to protest.10.21am: Bahrain: So much for freedom to protest.
Permission for Alwefaq rally in Manama today was denied. Participation in the event is illegal #BahrainPermission for Alwefaq rally in Manama today was denied. Participation in the event is illegal #Bahrain
— Ministry of Interior (@moi_bahrain) April 19, 2012— Ministry of Interior (@moi_bahrain) April 19, 2012
10.03am: Syria: Once again Russia has decided to stay away from another Friends of Syria meeting in Paris, RIA Novosti reports.10.03am: Syria: Once again Russia has decided to stay away from another Friends of Syria meeting in Paris, RIA Novosti reports.
It quotes a foreign ministry spokesman, Alexander Lukashevich, as saying:It quotes a foreign ministry spokesman, Alexander Lukashevich, as saying:
I can confirm that we have received an invitation to this event. We have also sent our reply to the French side. It is negative.I can confirm that we have received an invitation to this event. We have also sent our reply to the French side. It is negative.
Today's meeting is the third gathering of the Friends of Syria group following previous meetings in Tunis and Istanbul.Today's meeting is the third gathering of the Friends of Syria group following previous meetings in Tunis and Istanbul.
US secretary of state Hillary Clinton, who will attend the meeting in Paris, said yesterday that Syria was at a "crucial turning point". Speaking to reporters she said:US secretary of state Hillary Clinton, who will attend the meeting in Paris, said yesterday that Syria was at a "crucial turning point". Speaking to reporters she said:
Either we succeed in pushing forward with Kofi Annan's plan in accordance with the security council direction, with the help of monitors steadily broadening and deepening a zone of non-conflict and peace, or we see Assad squandering his last chance before additional measures have to be considered.Either we succeed in pushing forward with Kofi Annan's plan in accordance with the security council direction, with the help of monitors steadily broadening and deepening a zone of non-conflict and peace, or we see Assad squandering his last chance before additional measures have to be considered.
Now, we will continue to increase the pressure on Assad. I spoke with several ministers about the need to tighten sanctions, tighten pressure on the regime, on those who support the regime. And we also are going to continue pressing for a political solution, which remains the goal of Kofi Annan's plan and the understandable goal of anyone who wants to see a peaceful transition occur in Syria.Now, we will continue to increase the pressure on Assad. I spoke with several ministers about the need to tighten sanctions, tighten pressure on the regime, on those who support the regime. And we also are going to continue pressing for a political solution, which remains the goal of Kofi Annan's plan and the understandable goal of anyone who wants to see a peaceful transition occur in Syria.
On the UN monitors she said:On the UN monitors she said:
It is, obviously, quite concerning that while we are deploying these monitors pursuant to a security council resolution that confirms our commitment to Kofi Annan's six-point plan, the guns of the Assad regime are once again firing in Homs, Idlib, and elsewhere, and Syrians continue to die. So we are certainly cognizant of the very challenging road ahead. We are all here, united in favor of Kofi Annan's plan and his urgent call for a robust monitoring force.It is, obviously, quite concerning that while we are deploying these monitors pursuant to a security council resolution that confirms our commitment to Kofi Annan's six-point plan, the guns of the Assad regime are once again firing in Homs, Idlib, and elsewhere, and Syrians continue to die. So we are certainly cognizant of the very challenging road ahead. We are all here, united in favor of Kofi Annan's plan and his urgent call for a robust monitoring force.
9.46am: Egypt: Presidential candidate Amr Moussa (pictured) set out his electoral platform yesterday at a rally in Ezbet el-Hagana, a working-class district of Cairo, the Egypt Independent reports.9.46am: Egypt: Presidential candidate Amr Moussa (pictured) set out his electoral platform yesterday at a rally in Ezbet el-Hagana, a working-class district of Cairo, the Egypt Independent reports.
Some key points:Some key points:
• Establish an administrative and financial control system that will not only track corruption, but cut it out at the root• Establish an administrative and financial control system that will not only track corruption, but cut it out at the root
• Aim to reduce the poverty rate by 40% by the middle of the next decade• Aim to reduce the poverty rate by 40% by the middle of the next decade
• Double Egypt's gross domestic product in 10 years• Double Egypt's gross domestic product in 10 years
• Eradicate illiteracy and attract needed international aid• Eradicate illiteracy and attract needed international aid
• Push for decentralised governance by dividing responsibilities between the central authority and local councils, so as to bring decisionmakers and implementers closer to those affected• Push for decentralised governance by dividing responsibilities between the central authority and local councils, so as to bring decisionmakers and implementers closer to those affected
• Devise a new system of state administration that is based on the empowerment of the people, who would be able to elect the governors, the mayors and the officials of the local councils• Devise a new system of state administration that is based on the empowerment of the people, who would be able to elect the governors, the mayors and the officials of the local councils
Moussa told the rally: "We are not talking about the realm of the impossible. We are not talking about the realm of imagination. We are talking about the realm of the achievable."Moussa told the rally: "We are not talking about the realm of the impossible. We are not talking about the realm of imagination. We are talking about the realm of the achievable."
In an unusual move for an Arab politician, Moussa, who is 75, promised to serve only one four-year term if elected.In an unusual move for an Arab politician, Moussa, who is 75, promised to serve only one four-year term if elected.
He is now considered a front-runner in the election following the disqualification of 10 other candidates, including Omar Suleiman, Mubarak's former intelligence chief, and Kairat al-Shater of the Muslim Brotherhood.He is now considered a front-runner in the election following the disqualification of 10 other candidates, including Omar Suleiman, Mubarak's former intelligence chief, and Kairat al-Shater of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Moussa served 10 years as Mubarak's foreign minister but resigned in 2001 to become secretary-general of the Arab League. He posts frequently on Twitter as @amremoussa.Moussa served 10 years as Mubarak's foreign minister but resigned in 2001 to become secretary-general of the Arab League. He posts frequently on Twitter as @amremoussa.
9.31am: Bahrain: In his Guardian interview, John Yates insisted that protesters were not being abused by the police. If they were "that would be on YouTube", he insisted.9.31am: Bahrain: In his Guardian interview, John Yates insisted that protesters were not being abused by the police. If they were "that would be on YouTube", he insisted.
His remark was an obvious hostage to fortune, and it hasn't taken long for activists to post YouTube of "allegedly terrible things" happening to protesters.His remark was an obvious hostage to fortune, and it hasn't taken long for activists to post YouTube of "allegedly terrible things" happening to protesters.
The opposition al-Wefaq alleges that the Bahrain police were caught red handed beating protesters last night in YouTube footage.The opposition al-Wefaq alleges that the Bahrain police were caught red handed beating protesters last night in YouTube footage.
The clip, which cannot be independently verified, claims to show protesters being severely beaten by riot police.The clip, which cannot be independently verified, claims to show protesters being severely beaten by riot police.
9.15am: Syria: Once again Homs has come under bombardment this morning underlining the "incomplete" ceasefire.9.15am: Syria: Once again Homs has come under bombardment this morning underlining the "incomplete" ceasefire.
The British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said its contact were reporting mortar fire every minutes. It said the opposition districts of Khaldiyeh, Jouret al-Shayah and Qarabis were being targeted.The British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said its contact were reporting mortar fire every minutes. It said the opposition districts of Khaldiyeh, Jouret al-Shayah and Qarabis were being targeted.
Activist again circulated by now familiar video clips purporting to show the Homs coming under attack.Activist again circulated by now familiar video clips purporting to show the Homs coming under attack.
9.08am: Bahrain: The opposition al-Wefaq party has tweeted graphic images purporting to show protesters injured by the Bahraini police.9.08am: Bahrain: The opposition al-Wefaq party has tweeted graphic images purporting to show protesters injured by the Bahraini police.
Pictures that show injuired prodemocracy protesters due to the excessive use of shotguns last night n #Bahrain twitter.com/AlWefaqEN/stat…Pictures that show injuired prodemocracy protesters due to the excessive use of shotguns last night n #Bahrain twitter.com/AlWefaqEN/stat…
— AlwefaqEN (@AlWefaqEN) April 19, 2012— AlwefaqEN (@AlWefaqEN) April 19, 2012
8.50am: Bahrain: Human rights activists are about to start a press conference to highlight police brutality during yesterday's demonstrations.8.50am: Bahrain: Human rights activists are about to start a press conference to highlight police brutality during yesterday's demonstrations.
Activist Ala'a Shehabi tweeted reports of injuries so far:Activist Ala'a Shehabi tweeted reports of injuries so far:
Overnight reports of 23 injuries from shotgun pellets (alltreated @ home 4 fear of arrest @ hospital).Violent house raids+10 arrests #F1Overnight reports of 23 injuries from shotgun pellets (alltreated @ home 4 fear of arrest @ hospital).Violent house raids+10 arrests #F1
— Dr Ala'a Shehabi (@alaashehabi) April 19, 2012— Dr Ala'a Shehabi (@alaashehabi) April 19, 2012
Bahrain's ministry of the interior accused protesters of rioting and vandalism and threatened more firm action in future. In a statement it said:Bahrain's ministry of the interior accused protesters of rioting and vandalism and threatened more firm action in future. In a statement it said:
Chief of public security, Major-General Tariq Al Hassan, said that as part of the police duty to maintain security and stability in Bahrain and enforce the law, a number of rioters and vandals had been arrested for taking part in illegal rallies and gatherings, hindering public and private interests by blocking roads and endangering people's lives by attacking them as well as policemen with Molotov cocktails, iron rods and stones ...Chief of public security, Major-General Tariq Al Hassan, said that as part of the police duty to maintain security and stability in Bahrain and enforce the law, a number of rioters and vandals had been arrested for taking part in illegal rallies and gatherings, hindering public and private interests by blocking roads and endangering people's lives by attacking them as well as policemen with Molotov cocktails, iron rods and stones ...
The chief of public security said that such acts of vandalism did not come under the definition of freedom of expression protected by the law. Instead, they are considered acts causing chaos which are against civilised behaviour and endanger civil peace. He affirmed that maintaining security and peace among the public and ensuring their safety as well as the safety of public and private property were the top priorities for security men and any violation was tackled by police with zero tolerance. Any activities which violate the law are tackled firmly according to legal regulations and the authority of police, he said.The chief of public security said that such acts of vandalism did not come under the definition of freedom of expression protected by the law. Instead, they are considered acts causing chaos which are against civilised behaviour and endanger civil peace. He affirmed that maintaining security and peace among the public and ensuring their safety as well as the safety of public and private property were the top priorities for security men and any violation was tackled by police with zero tolerance. Any activities which violate the law are tackled firmly according to legal regulations and the authority of police, he said.
Later today the trial of 20 medics targeted by the government after they treated injured protesters is due to resume. The campaign group Human Rights First said:Later today the trial of 20 medics targeted by the government after they treated injured protesters is due to resume. The campaign group Human Rights First said:

The medics were detained, tortured and sentenced to prison terms of between five and 15 years after an unfair trial in a military court. The government continues to press its case against them and many others it perceives to be associated with the democracy protests.
The medics were detained, tortured and sentenced to prison terms of between five and 15 years after an unfair trial in a military court. The government continues to press its case against them and many others it perceives to be associated with the democracy protests.
8.25am: (all times BST) Welcome to Middle East Live. The UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, has accused Syria of not complying with the ceasefire and the former Met police officer advising Bahrain has warned that the authorities can't guarantee safety at Sunday's grand prix.8.25am: (all times BST) Welcome to Middle East Live. The UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, has accused Syria of not complying with the ceasefire and the former Met police officer advising Bahrain has warned that the authorities can't guarantee safety at Sunday's grand prix.
Here's a roundup of the main developments:Here's a roundup of the main developments:
SyriaSyria
• The UN secretary general says Syria has failed to comply with its obligation under a peace plan to pull troops and heavy weapons out of urban areas. In a letter to the security council, Ban Ki-moon called for an observer mission to be expanded to 300 members.• The UN secretary general says Syria has failed to comply with its obligation under a peace plan to pull troops and heavy weapons out of urban areas. In a letter to the security council, Ban Ki-moon called for an observer mission to be expanded to 300 members.
• Ban's letter confirmed that shots were fired to disperse crowd in the Damascus suburb of Arbeen while UN monitors were visiting the area, according to the BBC's Barbara Plett.• Ban's letter confirmed that shots were fired to disperse crowd in the Damascus suburb of Arbeen while UN monitors were visiting the area, according to the BBC's Barbara Plett.
As this blog reported yesterday video showed protesters fleeing the area after the shots were heard.As this blog reported yesterday video showed protesters fleeing the area after the shots were heard.
• The French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, has again called for the establishment of humanitarian corridors to help the Syrian opposition. "Bashar al-Assad is lying ... He wants to wipe Homs off the map just like Gaddafi wanted to destroy Benghazi," Sarkozy said ahead of a meeting in Paris of foreign ministers to discuss Syria.• The French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, has again called for the establishment of humanitarian corridors to help the Syrian opposition. "Bashar al-Assad is lying ... He wants to wipe Homs off the map just like Gaddafi wanted to destroy Benghazi," Sarkozy said ahead of a meeting in Paris of foreign ministers to discuss Syria.
• Bashar al-Assad and his wife, Asma have been shown on Syrian state TV packing food aid, in an apparent effort to repair the image of a first couple derided for ordering luxury goods on the internet while their country burns. At a stadium in Damascus they joined hundreds of volunteers boxing cartons of flour, sugar, cooking oil and pasta for victims of the fighting in Homs.• Bashar al-Assad and his wife, Asma have been shown on Syrian state TV packing food aid, in an apparent effort to repair the image of a first couple derided for ordering luxury goods on the internet while their country burns. At a stadium in Damascus they joined hundreds of volunteers boxing cartons of flour, sugar, cooking oil and pasta for victims of the fighting in Homs.
BahrainBahrain
• About 200 protesters confronted police for more than an hour before being scattered by stun grenades in the main shopping area of the capital Manama, Paul Weaver reports. They chanted "down with the government" and "we want freedom" as they waved posters supporting the hunger striker and human rights activist Abdulhadi al-Khawaja. Activists in the country are pushing to get their voices heard ahead of Sunday's grand prix. Three "days of rage" have been called, to begin after prayers on Friday.• About 200 protesters confronted police for more than an hour before being scattered by stun grenades in the main shopping area of the capital Manama, Paul Weaver reports. They chanted "down with the government" and "we want freedom" as they waved posters supporting the hunger striker and human rights activist Abdulhadi al-Khawaja. Activists in the country are pushing to get their voices heard ahead of Sunday's grand prix. Three "days of rage" have been called, to begin after prayers on Friday.
• The government of Bahrain cannot guarantee the safety of Formula One teams and spectators at the Bahrain Grand Prix as violence escalates in the Gulf kingdom, according to the British former police officer who is working on security at the track. John Yates, the former assistant commissioner of the Metropolitan police who is employed by the Bahrain government to advise on police reform, told the Guardian: "People say can we guarantee security. Of course we can't guarantee security. I'd be a fool to sit here and say that. Is it possible there might be an incursion on the track? Of course there is. It's an open event. Can you stop some idiot running onto the track? There have been other incidents of track incursions." Yates also said police would retaliate with live rounds if necessary.• The government of Bahrain cannot guarantee the safety of Formula One teams and spectators at the Bahrain Grand Prix as violence escalates in the Gulf kingdom, according to the British former police officer who is working on security at the track. John Yates, the former assistant commissioner of the Metropolitan police who is employed by the Bahrain government to advise on police reform, told the Guardian: "People say can we guarantee security. Of course we can't guarantee security. I'd be a fool to sit here and say that. Is it possible there might be an incursion on the track? Of course there is. It's an open event. Can you stop some idiot running onto the track? There have been other incidents of track incursions." Yates also said police would retaliate with live rounds if necessary.
• A group of MPs have launched a cross-party campaign calling for a halt to this weekend's grand prix because of government crackdowns in the Gulf state. The Labour MP Jeremy Corbyn has won support for an early day motion from the Tory Peter Bottomley and the Liberal Democrat Bob Russell. It said: "This House is astonished that the Bahrain Formula One race is going ahead despite huge concerns over abuse of human rights expressed by Amnesty International and others."• A group of MPs have launched a cross-party campaign calling for a halt to this weekend's grand prix because of government crackdowns in the Gulf state. The Labour MP Jeremy Corbyn has won support for an early day motion from the Tory Peter Bottomley and the Liberal Democrat Bob Russell. It said: "This House is astonished that the Bahrain Formula One race is going ahead despite huge concerns over abuse of human rights expressed by Amnesty International and others."
• Cherif Bassiouni, the chairman of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry into human rights, insisted that the Kingdom was "genuine" in its intention to tackle abuses, but needed to do more.• Cherif Bassiouni, the chairman of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry into human rights, insisted that the Kingdom was "genuine" in its intention to tackle abuses, but needed to do more.
In an interview with Foreign Policy magazine he said Bahrain society had to change so that all the power was no longer in the hands of the Sunni minority. "That can't be, things have to change," he said.In an interview with Foreign Policy magazine he said Bahrain society had to change so that all the power was no longer in the hands of the Sunni minority. "That can't be, things have to change," he said.
EgyptEgypt
• Khairat al-Shater, the Muslim Brotherhood financier who has been barred from standing as president, told the BBC that progress towards democracy is in danger. Shater said he feared the possibility of a rigged election and signalled that Brotherhood would increase its pressure, both inside and outside parliament, to ensure that the transition to democracy goes ahead.• Khairat al-Shater, the Muslim Brotherhood financier who has been barred from standing as president, told the BBC that progress towards democracy is in danger. Shater said he feared the possibility of a rigged election and signalled that Brotherhood would increase its pressure, both inside and outside parliament, to ensure that the transition to democracy goes ahead.
LibyaLibya
• The National Transitional Council continued to insist that Saif al-Islam Gaddafi will be tried in Libya during a visit to Tripoli the international criminal court chief prosecutor, the Libya Herald reports. NTC chairman Abdul Jalil said talks with Luis Moreno-Ocampo had focused purely on the trial proceedings of Gaddafi in Libya. He added that the Moreno-Ocampo had come to Tripoli to check the procedures put in place for Saif's trial in Libya.• The National Transitional Council continued to insist that Saif al-Islam Gaddafi will be tried in Libya during a visit to Tripoli the international criminal court chief prosecutor, the Libya Herald reports. NTC chairman Abdul Jalil said talks with Luis Moreno-Ocampo had focused purely on the trial proceedings of Gaddafi in Libya. He added that the Moreno-Ocampo had come to Tripoli to check the procedures put in place for Saif's trial in Libya.