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| Barclays fined for attempts to manipulate Libor rates | |
| (40 minutes later) | |
| Barclays has been fined £290m ($450m) for trying to manipulate a key bank interest rate which influences the cost of loans and mortgages. | Barclays has been fined £290m ($450m) for trying to manipulate a key bank interest rate which influences the cost of loans and mortgages. |
| Its traders lied to make the bank look more secure during the financial crisis and, sometimes - working with traders at other banks - to make a profit. | Its traders lied to make the bank look more secure during the financial crisis and, sometimes - working with traders at other banks - to make a profit. |
| Barclays said the actions "fell well short of standards". Chief executive Bob Diamond is to give up his bonus. | Barclays said the actions "fell well short of standards". Chief executive Bob Diamond is to give up his bonus. |
| The Financial Services Authority is now looking into other banks. | The Financial Services Authority is now looking into other banks. |
| The penalties from the UK financial watchdog and US authorities followed "serious and widespread" misconduct, said the FSA. | The penalties from the UK financial watchdog and US authorities followed "serious and widespread" misconduct, said the FSA. |
| Barclays has admitted that a group of traders lied about what it was costing the bank to borrow. | Barclays has admitted that a group of traders lied about what it was costing the bank to borrow. |
| Now, why does this matter? | Now, why does this matter? |
| It matters because lots and lots of deals involving clients of Barclays used the interest rate into which Barclays was feeding this information, about its own borrowing costs, to determine the profit and loss on their own deals. | It matters because lots and lots of deals involving clients of Barclays used the interest rate into which Barclays was feeding this information, about its own borrowing costs, to determine the profit and loss on their own deals. |
| It's quite hard to think of behaviour by a bank as shocking as this: not telling the truth about what it is costing you to borrow, that then becomes a benchmark for pricing other deals. | It's quite hard to think of behaviour by a bank as shocking as this: not telling the truth about what it is costing you to borrow, that then becomes a benchmark for pricing other deals. |
| The statement from the US regulator, which levied a big chunk of the fine, talks about how Barclays was working with other banks to try to fix this interest rate. | The statement from the US regulator, which levied a big chunk of the fine, talks about how Barclays was working with other banks to try to fix this interest rate. |
| This of course implies that Barclays is simply the first bank to settle and we will see fines and punishments against some of the other big banks of the world. | This of course implies that Barclays is simply the first bank to settle and we will see fines and punishments against some of the other big banks of the world. |
| The fine is part of an international investigation into the setting of interbank rates between 2005 and 2009. | The fine is part of an international investigation into the setting of interbank rates between 2005 and 2009. |
| It seems highly likely that other banks, and in other countries, will face similar sanctions to that of Barclays. | It seems highly likely that other banks, and in other countries, will face similar sanctions to that of Barclays. |
| "The FSA continues to pursue a number of other significant cross-border investigations in this area and the action we have taken against Barclays should leave firms in no doubt about the serious consequences of this type of failure," the UK regulator said. | "The FSA continues to pursue a number of other significant cross-border investigations in this area and the action we have taken against Barclays should leave firms in no doubt about the serious consequences of this type of failure," the UK regulator said. |
| Three other Barclays executives will also give up their annual bonus this year. | Three other Barclays executives will also give up their annual bonus this year. |
| Crucial rates | Crucial rates |
| Barclays' misconduct relates to the daily setting of the London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) and the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (Euribor). | Barclays' misconduct relates to the daily setting of the London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) and the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (Euribor). |
| These are two of the most important interest rates in the global financial markets and directly influence the value of trillions of dollars of financial deals between banks and other institutions. | These are two of the most important interest rates in the global financial markets and directly influence the value of trillions of dollars of financial deals between banks and other institutions. |
| They can also affect lending rates to the public, for instance, with some mortgage deals. | They can also affect lending rates to the public, for instance, with some mortgage deals. |
| But it is not yet clear whether Barclays staff had succeeded in manipulating the interest rates to its advantage and therefore whether it had any impact on borrowers. | But it is not yet clear whether Barclays staff had succeeded in manipulating the interest rates to its advantage and therefore whether it had any impact on borrowers. |
| But even so, Tracey McDermott, director of enforcement at the FSA, told the BBC such behaviour was still "completely unacceptable". | But even so, Tracey McDermott, director of enforcement at the FSA, told the BBC such behaviour was still "completely unacceptable". |
| "Libor is an incredibly important benchmark reference rate, and it is relied on for many, many hundreds of thousands of contracts all over the world," she said. | "Libor is an incredibly important benchmark reference rate, and it is relied on for many, many hundreds of thousands of contracts all over the world," she said. |
| "And the market needs to have confidence that those who are involved in submitting numbers to set Libor are thinking about the integrity of the market, and confidence in the market, and not their own interests." | "And the market needs to have confidence that those who are involved in submitting numbers to set Libor are thinking about the integrity of the market, and confidence in the market, and not their own interests." |
| 'Accepted culture' | 'Accepted culture' |
| Each day the British Bankers' Association and the European Banking Association publish the the Libor and Euribor rates by taking an average of the estimated rates submitted to them by leading banks. | Each day the British Bankers' Association and the European Banking Association publish the the Libor and Euribor rates by taking an average of the estimated rates submitted to them by leading banks. |
| Between 2005 and 2008, the Barclays staff who submitted estimates of their own interbank lending rates were frequently lobbied by its derivatives traders to put in figures which would benefit their trading positions, in order to produce a profit for the bank. | Between 2005 and 2008, the Barclays staff who submitted estimates of their own interbank lending rates were frequently lobbied by its derivatives traders to put in figures which would benefit their trading positions, in order to produce a profit for the bank. |
| And between 2007 and 2009, during the height of the banking crisis, the staff put in artificially low figures, to avoid the suspicion that Barclays was under financial stress and thus having to borrow at noticeably higher rates than its competitors. | And between 2007 and 2009, during the height of the banking crisis, the staff put in artificially low figures, to avoid the suspicion that Barclays was under financial stress and thus having to borrow at noticeably higher rates than its competitors. |
| The FSA pointed out that Barclays traders were quite open in their routine attempts to lobby their colleagues who submitted the bank's estimate of its borrowing costs to the BBA. | The FSA pointed out that Barclays traders were quite open in their routine attempts to lobby their colleagues who submitted the bank's estimate of its borrowing costs to the BBA. |
| It was particularly concerned because it appeared to be "accepted culture" amongst some staff. | It was particularly concerned because it appeared to be "accepted culture" amongst some staff. |
| "Requests to Barclays' submitters were made verbally and a large amount of email and instant message evidence consisting of derivatives traders' requests also exists," the FSA said. | "Requests to Barclays' submitters were made verbally and a large amount of email and instant message evidence consisting of derivatives traders' requests also exists," the FSA said. |
| In one instance, a trader recounted a conversation in which he had "begged" the submitter to put in a lower Libor figure. | In one instance, a trader recounted a conversation in which he had "begged" the submitter to put in a lower Libor figure. |
| "I'm like, dude, you're killing us," he said. His manager replied, "just tell him to... put it low". | "I'm like, dude, you're killing us," he said. His manager replied, "just tell him to... put it low". |
| In turn, the staff submitting the data would respond to the traders' requests. | In turn, the staff submitting the data would respond to the traders' requests. |
| "For you…anything," said one. "Done… for you big boy," said another. | "For you…anything," said one. "Done… for you big boy," said another. |
| And: "I owe you big time... I'm opening a bottle of Bollinger." | And: "I owe you big time... I'm opening a bottle of Bollinger." |
| Both UK and US authorities were also critical of Barclays' lack of internal controls over its system of submitting information on Libor and Euribor. | |
| This, along with inadequate supervision of trading desks, "allowed this conduct to occur", US regulators said. |