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RBS confirms Iran sanctions investigations RBS confirms Iran sanctions investigations
(39 minutes later)
Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) is under investigation by US and UK authorities for having potentially broken economic sanctions against Iran.Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) is under investigation by US and UK authorities for having potentially broken economic sanctions against Iran.
RBS confirmed the US Department of Justice and Federal Reserve, and the Financial Services Authority in the UK, were looking at possible infringements.RBS confirmed the US Department of Justice and Federal Reserve, and the Financial Services Authority in the UK, were looking at possible infringements.
The FSA said it could not confirm or deny that this was the case, however.The FSA said it could not confirm or deny that this was the case, however.
RBS said it had voluntarily given information it had found as a result of an internal inquiry.RBS said it had voluntarily given information it had found as a result of an internal inquiry.
Two more British banks, Standard Chartered and HSBC, have faced similar allegations from US regulators.Two more British banks, Standard Chartered and HSBC, have faced similar allegations from US regulators.
Press reports earlier this week suggested that Germany's Deutsche Bank is also being investigated by the US Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, the Federal Reserve, the US Justice Department and Manhattan's district attorney's office for alleged infringements of US-Iran economic sanctions.Press reports earlier this week suggested that Germany's Deutsche Bank is also being investigated by the US Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, the Federal Reserve, the US Justice Department and Manhattan's district attorney's office for alleged infringements of US-Iran economic sanctions.
Deutsche Bank refused to comment on the reports.Deutsche Bank refused to comment on the reports.
Internal reviewInternal review
Earlier in August, RBS said that it had "initiated discussions" with regulators "to discuss its historical compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including US economic sanctions regulations".Earlier in August, RBS said that it had "initiated discussions" with regulators "to discuss its historical compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including US economic sanctions regulations".
RBS said that it voluntarily gave information to the DoJ, Federal Reserve and the FSA about the potential infringements when an internal review uncovered them.RBS said that it voluntarily gave information to the DoJ, Federal Reserve and the FSA about the potential infringements when an internal review uncovered them.
That review was started by Stephen Hester, RBS chief executive, when he joined the business, the bank said.That review was started by Stephen Hester, RBS chief executive, when he joined the business, the bank said.
RBS said that any action it may be required to take by regulators may hit its net assets, operating results or cashflow.RBS said that any action it may be required to take by regulators may hit its net assets, operating results or cashflow.
Earlier this month, Standard Chartered agreed to pay a $340m (£217m) settlement with New York regulators after it was accused of hiding $250bn of transactions with Iran.Earlier this month, Standard Chartered agreed to pay a $340m (£217m) settlement with New York regulators after it was accused of hiding $250bn of transactions with Iran.
The New York State Department of Financial Services says Standard Chartered spent the best part of 10 years, from 2001 to 2010, hiding billions of Iranian financial deals.The New York State Department of Financial Services says Standard Chartered spent the best part of 10 years, from 2001 to 2010, hiding billions of Iranian financial deals.
The dollar transactions originated and terminated in European banks in the UK and the Middle East, and were cleared through its New York branch, the complaint said.The dollar transactions originated and terminated in European banks in the UK and the Middle East, and were cleared through its New York branch, the complaint said.
Sanctions regimeSanctions regime
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Iran has been subject to US economic sanctions since 1979. The current regime operates under the US Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control.Iran has been subject to US economic sanctions since 1979. The current regime operates under the US Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control.
They were toughened in 1997 by then-President Bill Clinton, who signed an order for sanctions that prohibited "virtually all trade and investment activities with Iran by US persons, wherever located".They were toughened in 1997 by then-President Bill Clinton, who signed an order for sanctions that prohibited "virtually all trade and investment activities with Iran by US persons, wherever located".
Under US criminal law, violations of the Iranian Transactions Regulations may result in a fine up to $1m and/or jail for up to 20 years.Under US criminal law, violations of the Iranian Transactions Regulations may result in a fine up to $1m and/or jail for up to 20 years.
Under the sanctions regime, until 2008, banks in the US in some circumstances were allowed to undertake so-called U-turn transactions with Iranian financial institutions.Under the sanctions regime, until 2008, banks in the US in some circumstances were allowed to undertake so-called U-turn transactions with Iranian financial institutions.
Those U-turn transactions move money for Iranian clients among non-Iranian foreign banks, such as those in the UK and the Middle East. They are cleared through the US, but neither start nor end in Iran.Those U-turn transactions move money for Iranian clients among non-Iranian foreign banks, such as those in the UK and the Middle East. They are cleared through the US, but neither start nor end in Iran.
To ascertain whether these transactions are permitted, US clearing banks use the wire-transfer messages they get from banks, using the SWIFT payments system.To ascertain whether these transactions are permitted, US clearing banks use the wire-transfer messages they get from banks, using the SWIFT payments system.
If the banks do not have enough information to make the call, they are supposed to freeze the assets.If the banks do not have enough information to make the call, they are supposed to freeze the assets.
The allegations involving Standard Chartered and HSBC, both centred on U-turn transactions.The allegations involving Standard Chartered and HSBC, both centred on U-turn transactions.
Standard Chartered was accused of stripping the messages of data that showed the clients were Iranian, replacing it with false entries.Standard Chartered was accused of stripping the messages of data that showed the clients were Iranian, replacing it with false entries.
The UK-based bank said that not only did "99.9% of the transactions" relating to Iran comply with U-turn regulations, but that the total value of transactions that did not comply was under $14m - converse to the $250bn worth of Iran transactions US regulators said it had hid.The UK-based bank said that not only did "99.9% of the transactions" relating to Iran comply with U-turn regulations, but that the total value of transactions that did not comply was under $14m - converse to the $250bn worth of Iran transactions US regulators said it had hid.
In July, a US Senate Committee found that HSBC carried out 25,000 transactions totalling $19bn that were connected to Iran between 2001-07, which it suggested was evidence that the bank may have broken economic sanctions.In July, a US Senate Committee found that HSBC carried out 25,000 transactions totalling $19bn that were connected to Iran between 2001-07, which it suggested was evidence that the bank may have broken economic sanctions.