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Libor rigging: timeline | Libor rigging: timeline |
(about 2 months later) | |
The Libor interest-rate scandal dates back to 2005. Little known outside the City, it underpinned trillions of pounds worth of loans, mortgages and financial contracts in Europe and the US. | The Libor interest-rate scandal dates back to 2005. Little known outside the City, it underpinned trillions of pounds worth of loans, mortgages and financial contracts in Europe and the US. |
Regulators have already imposed £1.7bn of fines on a string of the world's biggest banks, while police are pursuing criminal investigations into staff involved in rigging the rates to suit their employers. | Regulators have already imposed £1.7bn of fines on a string of the world's biggest banks, while police are pursuing criminal investigations into staff involved in rigging the rates to suit their employers. |
2005 | 2005 |
Between January 2005 and June 2009, Barclays derivatives traders made a total of 257 requests to fix Libor and Euribor rates. Initially, traders sought to inflate the bank lending rate to boost profits – and their own bonuses. | Between January 2005 and June 2009, Barclays derivatives traders made a total of 257 requests to fix Libor and Euribor rates. Initially, traders sought to inflate the bank lending rate to boost profits – and their own bonuses. |
2007 | 2007 |
After Northern Rock collapses, Barclays submits artificially low rates to give a healthier picture of its ability to raise funds. | After Northern Rock collapses, Barclays submits artificially low rates to give a healthier picture of its ability to raise funds. |
In a phone call in December, a Barclays employee tells the New York Fed that the Libor rate was being fixed at a level that was unrealistically low. | In a phone call in December, a Barclays employee tells the New York Fed that the Libor rate was being fixed at a level that was unrealistically low. |
2008 | 2008 |
In April the New York Fed queries a Barclays employee over Libor reporting. | In April the New York Fed queries a Barclays employee over Libor reporting. |
The Wall Street Journal publishes the first article questioning the integrity of Libor. | The Wall Street Journal publishes the first article questioning the integrity of Libor. |
Following the WSJ report, Barclays is contacted by the British Bankers' Association over concerns about the accuracy of its Libor submissions. | Following the WSJ report, Barclays is contacted by the British Bankers' Association over concerns about the accuracy of its Libor submissions. |
Later in the year, the Fed meets to begin inquiry. Fed boss Tim Geithner gives Bank of England governor Sir Mervyn King a note listing proposals to tackle Libor problems. | Later in the year, the Fed meets to begin inquiry. Fed boss Tim Geithner gives Bank of England governor Sir Mervyn King a note listing proposals to tackle Libor problems. |
2009 | 2009 |
A year on, the BBA issues guidelines for setting Libor rates. | A year on, the BBA issues guidelines for setting Libor rates. |
2010 | 2010 |
In June, Barclays makes first effort to clamp down on Libor manipulation in email setting out standards of behaviour. | In June, Barclays makes first effort to clamp down on Libor manipulation in email setting out standards of behaviour. |
2011 | 2011 |
Royal Bank of Scotland sacks four people for their alleged roles in the emerging Libor-fixing scandal. | Royal Bank of Scotland sacks four people for their alleged roles in the emerging Libor-fixing scandal. |
2012 | 2012 |
22 June Barclays chief executive Bob Diamond learns of emails sent by dodgy traders. He later says reading them made him feel "physically ill". | 22 June Barclays chief executive Bob Diamond learns of emails sent by dodgy traders. He later says reading them made him feel "physically ill". |
27 June Barclays admits misconduct. Regulators fine it £360m. | 27 June Barclays admits misconduct. Regulators fine it £360m. |
29 June Diamond insists he will not resign. | 29 June Diamond insists he will not resign. |
July Barclays chairman Marcus Agius and Diamond resign, followed by chief operating officer Jerry del Missier. | July Barclays chairman Marcus Agius and Diamond resign, followed by chief operating officer Jerry del Missier. |
The prime minister, David Cameron, announces a review of the banking sector, sets up Banking Commission. Serious Fraud Office (SFO) launches a criminal inquiry into Libor manipulation. | The prime minister, David Cameron, announces a review of the banking sector, sets up Banking Commission. Serious Fraud Office (SFO) launches a criminal inquiry into Libor manipulation. |
Deutsche Bank confirms that a "limited number" of staff were involved in the Libor rate-rigging scandal. It clears senior management. SFO arrests three men in connection with investigations into Libor. | Deutsche Bank confirms that a "limited number" of staff were involved in the Libor rate-rigging scandal. It clears senior management. SFO arrests three men in connection with investigations into Libor. |
Swiss bank UBS is fined £940m by US, UK and Swiss regulators. | Swiss bank UBS is fined £940m by US, UK and Swiss regulators. |
2013 | 2013 |
January Barclays' new boss, Antony Jenkins, tells staff to sign up to a new code of conduct – or leave the firm – in clean-up operation. | January Barclays' new boss, Antony Jenkins, tells staff to sign up to a new code of conduct – or leave the firm – in clean-up operation. |
February RBS is fined £390m by UK and US regulators. RBS reduces bonus pot by £300m. | February RBS is fined £390m by UK and US regulators. RBS reduces bonus pot by £300m. |
Five other financial institutions are still under investigation. | Five other financial institutions are still under investigation. |
Top savings accounts | |
Coventry BS | |
GE Capital Direct | |
Skipton BS | |
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